scholarly journals Spring-Interseeded Winter Rye Seeding Rates Influence Weed Control and Organic Soybean Yield

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Reid J. Smeda ◽  
Randall L. Smoot
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Gross Margins

Field research in 2002 and 2003 evaluated spring-interseeded winter rye (Secale cerealeL.) at 67, 134, or 200 kg ha−1at two soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) row spacings (19- and 76-cm) on weed control, yield, and gross margins. Based on regression analysis, wide-row (76-cm) soybean grain yield and gross margins were greatest when winter rye was interseeded at 114 and 106 kg ha−1, respectively. Yields and gross margins for wide-row soybean were 8 to 55% greater than narrow-row (19-cm) soybean seeded at 494,000 or 742,000 seeds ha−1which was probably due to flexibility for implementing cultivation. As interseeded rye rates increased from 67 to 200 kg ha−1, yields and gross margins for narrow-rows decreased. Soybean row spacing had minimal impacts on specific weed species and total weed biomass or density. The use of wide-row soybean and spring-interseeded rye at 67 kg ha−1was more cost-effective compared to narrow rows.

scholarly journals Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Cultivar Selection Affects Double-Crop and Relay-Intercrop Soybean (Glycine maxL.) Response on Claypan Soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Clinton G. Meinhardt ◽  
Randall L. Smoot
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Relay Intercrop

Field research (2003–2005) evaluated the effect of wheat row spacing (19 and 38 cm) and cultivar on double-cropped (DC) soybean response, 38-cm wheat on relay-intercrop (RI) response, and wheat cultivar selection on gross margins of these cropping systems. Narrow-row wheat increased grain yield 460 kg , light interception (LI) 7%, and leaf area index (LAI) 0.5 compared to wide rows, but did not affect DC soybean yield. High yielding wheat (P25R37) with greater LI and LAI produced lower (330 kg ) soybean yields in an RI system than a low yielding cultivar (Ernie). Gross margins were 267  greater when P25R37 was RI with H431 Intellicoat (ITC) soybean compared to Ernie. Gross margins were similar for monocrop H431 non-coated (NC) or ITC soybean, P25R37 in 19- or 38-cm rows with DC H431 NC soybean, and P25R37 in 38-cm rows with RI H431 ITC soybean in the absence of an early fall frost.

Weed Control, Environmental Impact, and Economics of Weed Management Strategies in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L. Stewart ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Laura L. Van Eerd ◽  
Richard J. Vyn ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
The One ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Herbicide Programs

With the number of glyphosate-resistant weed species increasing in North America and a lack of new herbicide chemistries being developed, growers are shifting toward using older herbicides that are more expensive and may be less environmentally friendly. Therefore, to determine which weed management strategies are most cost effective and have the lowest impact on the environment we evaluated the efficacy, environmental impact, and the profitability of several weed management strategies in glyphosate-resistant soybean over a 3-yr period (2007 to 2009) at three locations in southwestern Ontario, Canada. No visible injury to soybean was observed with the herbicide treatments evaluated. A sequential application of glyphosate consistently provided high levels of weed control (99 to 100%) at 56 d after treatment in comparison with one- or two-pass herbicide programs. Soybean yield did not differ between the two-pass herbicide programs and glyphosate applied early POST; however, a yield benefit was found with a sequential application of glyphosate or a PRE herbicide followed by glyphosate compared with glyphosate applied only at late POST. The two-pass herbicide programs had higher environmental impact (EI) (> 23) than the one-pass herbicide programs (< 15), except when imazethapyr was followed by or tank-mixed with glyphosate, which had an equivalent EI (∼ 14) to the one-pass herbicide programs. Not surprisingly because of the low purchase price of glyphosate, gross margins were highest for treatments that included glyphosate. However, to reduce the selection pressure on glyphosate-resistant weed biotypes, to reduce environmental impact, and to increase gross margins a combination of glyphosate with another mode of action would be most beneficial. In this study glyphosate + imazethapyr was the best alternative to a sequential two-pass glyphosate program.

Weed Control with Reduced Rates of Chlorimuron Plus Metribuzin and Imazethapyr in No-Till Narrow-Row Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to combinations of glyphosate, metolachlor, 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied prior to planting (PP), and 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of imazethapyr applied early postemergence (EPOST) or postemergence (POST) in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail densities were reduced with sequential PP followed by (fb) EPOST or POST treatments. Large crabgrass was reduced equivalently with all herbicide combinations involving chlorimuron plus metribuzin PP fb imazethapyr. Common cocklebur control was variable but was usually greater with treatments that included imazethapyr. Ivyleaf morningglory densities were not reduced with any herbicide combinations. Sequential PP fb EPOST or POST treatments tended to provide slightly better weed suppression than PP-only treatments, but the difference was rarely significant. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 X rates were usually equal to 1 X rates.

Evaluation of Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Leafy Vegetable Crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Common Purslane

Imazethapyr was evaluated PRE and POST in five lettuce types and chicory under Florida field conditions. The relative sensitivity of leafy crop vigor (most sensitive to most tolerant) to imazethapyr PRE, based on 20% inhibition determined using regression analysis, was as follows: Boston > bibb > crisphead > romaine > leaf > escarole > endive. Leafy crop injury increased as the rate of imazethapyr applied POST increased, with all leafy crops responding in a similar manner. Surfactant addition increased imazethapyr phytotoxicity. Imazethapyr PRE treatments at 0.067 kg ai/ha provided greater than 80% control of livid amaranth, common purslane, flatsedge, and common lambsquarters. Imazethapyr POST at 0.067 kg/ha, with surfactant provided control greater than 85% of all weed species. Greater than 85% spiny amaranth control was provided by imazethapyr POST at 0.017 kg/ha. Use of surfactant with imazethapyr did not improve spiny amaranth control over imazethapyr with no surfactant. POST treatments did not decrease leafy crop yield compared with the hand-weeded check. Imazethapyr applied PRE reduced crop yield compared to the POST treatments and the hand-weeded control.

Weed Control for Close-Drilled Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Delayed planting or “stale seedbed” for weed control in close-drilled (20-cm rows) soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy’] was evaluated for 3 years. The system combined final seedbed preparation 3 to 6 weeks before planting with herbicide application at planting time. The best control of six weed species and highest soybean yields were obtained bya,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) application at the time of seedbed preparation followed by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (linuron) application at planting and by linuron application at planting without the early trifluralin application. Applications of 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion (paraquat) at planting, either with or without trifluralin treatments, resulted in less weed control and lower soybean yields than comparable treatments with linuron. However, even the best treatments failed to provide the weed control necessary to prevent substantial soybean yield reduction in heavy infestations of weeds that emerge in large numbers after planting, and that resist the phytotoxic action of the herbicides.

Interaction of Prodiamine and Flumioxazin for Nursery Weed Control

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Stephen C. Marble
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Both prodiamine and flumioxazin are used in the nursery production and landscape maintenance industries in the southeastern United States for preemergence weed control. Research was conducted to determine whether a tank mixture of these two herbicides would be more effective than either component applied alone. Prodiamine alone, flumioxazin alone, and a 72 : 28 (by weight) prodiamine–flumioxazin mixture were each applied at a series of rates to containers filled with a pine bark–sand substrate that is typical for nursery production in the southeastern United States. Our intent was to have a rate range that hopefully extended from ineffective to lethal for each treatment series. Subsequent to treatment, containers were overseeded with either large crabgrass, spotted spurge, or eclipta. Percent control was determined by comparing treated weed foliage fresh weight to that of the appropriate nontreated control at 6 and 12 wk after application. ANOVA followed by nonlinear regression was used to evaluate the interaction of prodiamine and flumioxazin when combined and to determine the rate of each treatment series required for 95% control (if applicable) for each of the three weed species. Results varied with weed species. The mixture was synergistic and more cost effective than either of the components applied alone in controlling spotted spurge. With respect to large crabgrass control, the mixture was additive and slightly more cost effective than the components. Eclipta could only be controlled with flumioxazin, and this control was antagonized by the addition of prodiamine.

Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max) Grown in Rotations of 97- and 18-cm Row Spacings

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Clyde A. Smith ◽  
Charles E. Snipes
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Split Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Narrow Row

Various 3-yr rotation sequences of 97- and 18-cm row spacings, with appropriate sicklepod control treatments within each row spacing, were implemented to evaluate sicklepod population and soybean yield at two locations. Alachlor plus metribuzin applied preemergence followed by either a postemergence-directed spray of metribuzin plus 2,4-DB or hand hoeing in 97-cm rows consistently reduced sicklepod populations. Reductions with 97-cm rows and preemergence-applied herbicides coupled with cultivation were not as great. At one location, using a split application of metribuzin preplant incorporated followed by preemergence with 18-cm rows reduced sicklepod populations if effective control measures had been used in wide rows the previous year, but the narrow-row treatments did not reduce sicklepod numbers if 18-cm rows had been used previously. Soil-applied metribuzin was more effective under high soil pH conditions, and sicklepod populations were reduced substantially whether the previous row spacing was 18 or 97 cm. After the third year, all plots were planted in 97-cm rows with no herbicides. No differences were found among sicklepod populations with any previous row spacing or sicklepod control program, indicating that, even with 3 yr of effective control, subsequent sicklepod populations were not affected.

Weed control with reduced rates of imazaquin and imazethapyr in no-till narrow-row soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. DeFelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to metolachlor plus combinations of 0.5 × and 1 × label rates of imazaquin applied preplant and imazethapyr applied early postemergence or postemergence in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail, common ragweed, common cocklebur, and large crabgrass population reductions were greater with sequential preplant metolachlor plus imazaquin followed by early postemergence or postemergence imazethapyr than with preplant metolachlor plus imazaquin or early postemergence/postemergence imazethapyr alone. Ivyleaf morningglory was not effectively controlled by any herbicide program. Pennsylvania smartweed populations were reduced with all herbicide treatments. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 × rates were usually equal to 1 × rates if imazethapyr was applied early postemergence or postemergence. Net income with reduced herbicide rates was equal to full-label rates and provided no greater risk to net income.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF COVER CROPS FOR WEED CONTROL BETWEEN PLASTIC MULCH IN PEPPERS (CAPSICUM ANNUUM)

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 257E-257
Author(s):  
Francis X. Mangan ◽  
Mary Jane Else ◽  
Stephen J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Crop Species

Field research was conducted in Deerfield, Mass. to study the effects of different cover crop species seeded between plastic mulch on weed pressure and pepper yield. A complete fertilizer was applied before plastic was laid on Sept. 13, 1991. Two cover crop treatments were seeded Sept. 13, 1991: white clover (Trifolium repens) alone and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) in combination with winter rye (Secale cereale). On May 27, 1992 the vetch and rye were mow-killed with the biomass left on the soil surface. Annual rye (Lolium multiflorum) was then seeded on the same day as the third cover crop treatment. The remaining two treatments were a weedy check and a hand-weeded check. Peppers were transplanted into the plastic on May 31. Both the annual rye and clover were mowed three times over the course of the experiment with the biomass left between the plastic mulch. The white clover and annual rye were much more competitive with weed species than the dead mulch of vetch and rye. The three cover crop treatments had pepper yields that were severely depressed compared to the hand-weeded treatment. Among the three cover crop treatments, only the annual rye yielded more peppers than the weedy check.

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