scholarly journals Synthesis of Nanocrystalline WC Single-Phase Refractory via Mechanical Milling

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Razavi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rahimipour ◽  
Rahim Yazdani-Rad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Planetary Ball Mill ◽  
Crystalline Size ◽  
Nanometer Scale

In this paper the possibility of production of nanocrystalline WC single-phase by mechanical milling has been investigated. The raw materials containing tungsten and carbon with WC as nucleation were milled in a planetary ball mill and sampled in different times. Studies showed that after 75 hours of milling the WC with W2C was produced and remained constant in higher milling time. Adding WC to raw materials at the beginning process leads to the fact that after 50 hours of milling only WC was synthesized without undesirable W2C phase. This material remained stable until higher times of milling too. From broadening of XRD peaks, the crystalline size in synthesized WC was estimated in nanometer scale which lower than the system containing primary WC, and it means that the strain in this system was lower than first system.

Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ceramics Synthesized Using Planetary Ball Mill

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 486-490
Author(s):  
Shafiza Afzan Sharif ◽  
Julie Juliewatty Mohamed ◽  
W.A.W. Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Planetary Ball Mill ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Pzt Ceramics

Lead zirconate titanate Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3, (PZT) ceramic was successfully prepared from the mixture of commercial PbO, TiO2and ZrO2powders using planetary ball mill at room temperature. The phase formation and microstructure of the milled powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). XRD results indicated that the perovskite phase of PZT was formed from the mixture of starting materials after milling for 40 h. The grain sizes of the powders have been estimated from the SEM images to be ~200 nm. The compacted PZT samples were then sintered at 950 °C for 1 h. The samples were characterized by XRD and SEM, meanwhile the density was measured by Archimedes principle. XRD analysis on the sintered samples revealed the formation of single phase Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3ceramics while the SEM images estimated the grain size to be ~2 µm. The relative density of the obtained sintered PZT ceramics was measured to be approximately 99.93 % of the theoretical density. The results hence indicate that planetary ball mill is an effective preparatory technique to improve the sinterability of PZT ceramics.

Exploratory studies on nanobiocide for wood preservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Aparna Kalawate
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Planetary Ball Mill ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Bond Quality

Nanotechnology presents a tremendous opportunity to boost the field of wood preservation through implementing modern and unique metal biocides with improved properties. Nano form of Copper oxide, Zinc oxide and Copper sulphate were made by mechanical milling in the high energy planetary ball mill with 450 rpm for 12 hours. Among the three tested nanobiocides Copper sulphate at 0.5% concentration provided protection to the plywood against wood destroying organisms without sacrificing the bond quality of plywood. This is the first report to develop and test the efficacy of nanobiocide against wood destroying organism in India.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Single-Phase NiTi by Combustion Synthesis of Mechanically Activated Powders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Mousavi Nasab ◽  
M. Aboutalebi ◽  
S. H. Seyedein ◽  
A. Molavi Kakhki ◽  
J. Vahdati Khaki
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Time

Single-phase NiTi was fabricated through the thermal explosion mode of combustion synthesis of mechanically activated powders. Combustion and ignition temperatures of combustion synthesis were investigated in different milling times. In this process, equiatomic powder mixtures of nickel and titanium were activated by planetary ball mill and pressed into disk-shaped pellets then heated in a tube furnace, while temperature-time profile was recorded. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was performed on milled powders as well as synthesized samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to study the microstructural evolution during milling. The results showed that there was a threshold milling time to obtain single-phase NiTi. It was also seen that the ignition temperature and combustion temperature were reduced significantly by increasing milling time.

Microwave Sintering and Electric Properties of ZnO Varistor Ceramics

2013 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xin He ◽  
Guo You Gan ◽  
Ji Kang Yan ◽  
Jing Hong Du ◽  
Jia Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Electric Properties ◽  
Planetary Ball Mill ◽  
Zno Varistor ◽  
C Doping ◽  
Zno Powder

The ZnO varistor ceramics were fabricated through microwave sintering at 800~1150°C using ZnO powder doped and undoped TiO2 prepared by planetary ball mill. And the effects of milling time, sintering temperature and doping on microwave sintering technique have been studied. The result shows that the powder is more homogeneously and with smaller particle size with the increasing of milling time, therefore the electric properties is improved. However the particle size and the electric properties tend towards stability after 20h milling time. The density and electric properties increase with the increasing of sintering temperature, but decrease sharply at 1100°C, so the best sintering temperature is 1100°C. Doping TiO2 improves the electric properties of ZnO, however the electric properties decrease with more than 2.5% doping.

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Forsterite Refractory Produced from Thai Talc and Magnesite

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Surapattanapong Kullatham ◽  
Sakdiphon Thiansem
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
True Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Subsequent Calcination

This paper reports the synthesis, characterizations, microstructure and properties of forsterite powder produced in Thailand from talc and magnesite as raw materials by using mechanical activation with subsequent calcination. The synthesis forsterite powder were mixed by using talc and magnesite at 1:5 mole ratio. The maximum milling time was 24 h in a planetary zirconia ball mill. Afterward, the mixtures were calcined in an electric furnace for 1 h at 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300°C respectively. The synthesized powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical properties. Results of the physical properties of synthesized forsterite showed an increased in density as the calcining temperature increased. In contrast, porosity was decreased with an increase of the calcining temperature. Therefore, forsterite that was calcined at 1300°C provided the best results which were 2.96 g/cm3 of true density and 15.41% of true porosity. Results of XRD of synthesized powder indicated that the forsterite crystallization was constant for which sharpen appeared after 5 h of mechanical activation. Fraction of forsterite was appeared after being calcined at 1000°C for 1 h with an increasing of calcination temperature, the fraction of forsterite phase increased. Based on the mentioned characteristics, the forsterite produced from Thai talc and magnesite exhibited properties of an insulator and can potentially be used as refractory devices.

Effect of Milling Time on Particle Size and Surface Morphology of Commercial Zeolite by Planetary Ball Mill

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Z.F. Mukhtar ◽  
M.Z. Borhan ◽  
Mohamad Rusop ◽  
Saifollah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Planetary Ball Mill ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Particle Sizer

Ball milling is a top down approach and a method to reduce size of particle while Zeolite is a valuable inorganic materials having wide variety of applications. In this paper, ball milling of commercial synthetic Zeolite powder was studied with their time varied. Wet ball milling was selected as a potential means to decrease the particle size of Zeolite over dry grinding. The parameters that included in this study were rotational speed, balls to powder ratio, water to powder ratio and milling time. These nanozeolite were characterized via Zeta-sizer nanoseries of particle sizer, FESEM, and also FTIR. Results showed that commercial synthetic Zeolite powder with particle size larger than 45 μm may be reduced into the size range between 0.2 0.3 μm by planetary ball mill.

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Dielectric Properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ceramics Synthesized via High Planetary Ball Mill

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Mohd Fariz Ab Rahman ◽  
Asyraf bin Arshad ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad ◽  
Julie Juliewatty Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Planetary Ball Mill ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT) ceramics have been studied. PZT ceramic powders were successfully prepared by high planetary ball mill method under different milling time and then were sintered at different sintering temperature. The raw materials of PbO, ZrO2 and TiO2, powders were ball milled at 40 and 60 hours using high planetary mill. The mixing powders then were compacted and sintered at 950°C and 1200°C. Formations of the perovskite phase along with some secondary phase were seen after 40 and 60 hours of milling while single phase formation of PZT was seen after sintered at both sintering temperatures. The grain size of the samples becomes larger with the increasing temperature. In dielectric properties analysis, the dielectric constants were reduced due to increasing sintering temperature. Meanwhile, the loss tangents increased with sintering temperature.

Influence of Ball Milling Parameters on Preparation of Ti50Cu23Ni20Sn7 Amorphous Alloys Powder

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 819-824
Author(s):  
Ge Wang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Jing Na Gao ◽  
Yu Ying Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Planetary Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Parameters

Ti50Cu23Ni20Sn7 amorphous alloys powder was prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) in a high-energy planetary ball mill. Milling parameters such as rotational velocity of ball mill, ball to powder weight ratio as well as milling time were throughly investigated. Mechanism of mechanical alloying was throughly discussed.

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