scholarly journals The Use of Pluripotent Stem Cell for Personalized Cell Therapies against Neurological Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hye-Yeong Ha ◽  
Si-Hyong Jang ◽  
Ji-Won Jung
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Global Harmonization

Although there are a number of weaknesses for clinical use, pluripotent stem cells are valuable sources for patient-specific cell therapies against various diseases. Backed-up by a huge number of basic researches, neuronal differentiation mechanism is well established and pluripotent stem cell therapies against neurological disorders are getting closer to clinical application. However, there are increasing needs for standardization of the sourcing pluripotent stem cells by establishing stem cell registries and banking. Global harmonization will accelerate practical use of personalized therapies using pluripotent stem cells.

scholarly journals Human Pluripotent Stem Cells-Based Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status and Challenges

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ford ◽  
Jodie Pearlman ◽  
Travis Ruan ◽  
John Manion ◽  
Matthew Waller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cord Injury

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by irreversible cell damage, loss of neuronal cells and limited regeneration potential of the adult nervous system. Pluripotent stem cells are capable of differentiating into the multitude of cell types that compose the central and peripheral nervous systems and so have become the major focus of cell replacement therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cells have both been extensively studied as cell therapies in a wide range of neurodegenerative disease models in rodents and non-human primates, including Parkinson’s disease, stroke, epilepsy, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and pain. In this review, we discuss the latest progress made with stem cell therapies targeting these pathologies. We also evaluate the challenges in clinical application of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based therapies including risk of oncogenesis and tumor formation, immune rejection and difficulty in regeneration of the heterogeneous cell types composing the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Derivation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from the Baboon: A Nonhuman Primate Model for Preclinical Testing of Stem Cell Therapies

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Navara ◽  
Jacey Hornecker ◽  
Douglas Grow ◽  
Shital Chaudhari ◽  
Peter J. Hornsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Model ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Preclinical Testing ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals A selective cytotoxic adenovirus vector for concentration of pluripotent stem cells in human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamasa Hirai ◽  
Ken Kono ◽  
Rumi Sawada ◽  
Takuya Kuroda ◽  
Satoshi Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Quality And Safety

AbstractHighly sensitive detection of residual undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells is essential for the quality and safety of cell-processed therapeutic products derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We previously reported the generation of an adenovirus (Ad) vector and adeno-associated virus vectors that possess a suicide gene, inducible Caspase 9 (iCasp9), which makes it possible to sensitively detect undifferentiated hiPSCs in cultures of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. In this study, we investigated whether these vectors also allow for detection of undifferentiated hiPSCs in preparations of hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hiPSC-NPCs), which have been expected to treat neurological disorders. To detect undifferentiated hiPSCs, the expression of pluripotent stem cell markers was determined by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Using immortalized NPCs as a model, the Ad vector was identified to be the most efficient among the vectors tested in detecting undifferentiated hiPSCs. Moreover, we found that the Ad vector killed most hiPSC-NPCs in an iCasp9-dependent manner, enabling flow cytometry to detect undifferentiated hiPSCs intermingled at a lower concentration (0.002%) than reported previously (0.1%). These data indicate that the Ad vector selectively eliminates hiPSC-NPCs, thus allowing for sensitive detection of hiPSCs. This cytotoxic viral vector could contribute to ensuring the quality and safety of hiPSCs-NPCs for therapeutic use.

scholarly journals Application of the Pluripotent Stem Cells and Genomics in Cardiovascular Research—What We Have Learnt and Not Learnt until Now

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3112
Author(s):  
Michael Simeon ◽  
Seema Dangwal ◽  
Agapios Sachinidis ◽  
Michael Xavier Doss
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Global Pandemic

Personalized regenerative medicine and biomedical research have been galvanized and revolutionized by human pluripotent stem cells in combination with recent advances in genomics, artificial intelligence, and genome engineering. More recently, we have witnessed the unprecedented breakthrough life-saving translation of mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 to contain the global pandemic and the investment in billions of US dollars in space exploration projects and the blooming space-tourism industry fueled by the latest reusable space vessels. Now, it is time to examine where the translation of pluripotent stem cell research stands currently, which has been touted for more than the last two decades to cure and treat millions of patients with severe debilitating degenerative diseases and tissue injuries. This review attempts to highlight the accomplishments of pluripotent stem cell research together with cutting-edge genomics and genome editing tools and, also, the promises that have still not been transformed into clinical applications, with cardiovascular research as a case example. This review also brings to our attention the scientific and socioeconomic challenges that need to be effectively addressed to see the full potential of pluripotent stem cells at the clinical bedside.

scholarly journals Modeling the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease in patient-specific neurons

2020 ◽  
pp. 153537022096178
Author(s):  
Jian Feng
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Further Development

The 30 trillion cells that self-assemble into a human being originate from the pluripotent stem cells in the inner cell mass of a human blastocyst. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) makes it possible to approximate various aspects of this natural developmental process artificially by generating materials that can be used in invasive mechanistic studies of virtually all human conditions. In Parkinson’s disease, instructions computed by the basal ganglia to control voluntary motor functions break down, leading to widespread rhythmic bursting activities in the basal ganglia and beyond. It is thought that these oscillatory neuronal activities, which disrupt aperiodic neurotransmission in a normal brain, may reduce information content in the instructions for motor control. Using midbrain neuronal cultures differentiated from iPSCs of Parkinson’s disease patients with parkin mutations, we find that parkin mutations cause oscillatory neuronal activities when dopamine D1-class receptors are activated. This system makes it possible to study the molecular basis of rhythmic bursting activities in Parkinson’s disease. Further development of stem cell models of Parkinson’s disease will enable better approximation of the situation in the brain of Parkinson’s disease patients. In this review, I will discuss what has been found in the past about the pathophysiology of motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease, especially oscillatory neuronal activities and how stem cell technologies may transform our abilities to understand the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. Impact statement Research on the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has generated effective therapies such as deep brain stimulation. A better understanding of PD pathophysiology calls for patient-specific materials amenable for invasive mechanistic studies. In this minireview, I discuss our recent work on oscillatory neuronal activities in midbrain neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of PD patients with parkin mutations. These patient-specific neurons enable a variety of studies previously not feasible in the human system. Further development in stem cell technologies may generate more realistic models for us to decipher PD pathophysiology. These new developments will transform research and development in Parkinson’s disease.

GENERATION OF RABBIT PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL LINES

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
A. Dinnyes ◽  
M. K. Pirity ◽  
E. Gocza ◽  
P. Osteil ◽  
N. Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Cells ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Pluripotency Genes

Pluripotent stem cells have the capacity to divide indefinitely and to differentiate to all the somatic tissues. They can be genetically manipulated in vitro by knocking in and out genes, therefore they serve as an excellent tool for gene-function studies and for the generation of models for human diseases. Since 1981, when the first mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) line was generated, several attempts have been made to generate pluripotent stem cells from other species as it would help us to understand the differences and similarities of signaling pathways involved in pluripotency and differentiation, and would reveal whether the fundamental mechanism controlling self-renewal of pluripotent cells is conserved among different species. This review gives an overlook of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) research in the rabbit which is one of the most relevant non-rodent species for animal models. To date, several lines of putative ESCs and iPSCs have been described in the rabbit. All expressed stem cell-associated markers and exhibited longevity and pluripotency in vitro, but none have been proven to exhibit full pluripotency in vivo. Moreover, similarly to several domestic species, markers used to characterize the putative ESCs are not fully adequate because studies in domestic species have revealed that they are not specific to the pluripotent inner cell mass. Future validation of rabbit pluripotent stem cells would benefit greatly from a reliable panel of molecular markers specific to pluripotent cells of the developing rabbit embryo. The status of isolation and characterization of the putative pluripotency genes in rabbit will be discussed. Using rabbit specific pluripotency genes we might be able to reprogram somatic cells and generate induced pluripotent stem cells more efficiently thus overcome some of the challenges towards harnessing the potential of this technology. This study was financed by EU FP7 (PartnErS, PIAP-GA-2008-218205; InduHeart, PEOPLE-IRG-2008-234390; InduVir, PEOPLE-IRG-2009-245808; RabPstem, PERG07-GA-2010-268422; PluriSys, HEALTH-2007-B-223485; AniStem, PIAP-GA-2011-286264), NKTH-OTKA-EU-7KP HUMAN-MB08-C-80-205; Plurabbit, OMFB-00130-00131/2010 ANR-NKTH/09-GENM-010-01.

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