scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Nutrition as a Pharmacological Approach to Treat Obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Sears ◽  
Camillo Ricordi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inflammatory Component

Obesity is a multifactorial condition resulting from improper balances of hormones and gene expression induced by the diet. Obesity also has a strong inflammatory component that can be driven by diet-induced increases in arachidonic acid. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the molecular targets that can be addressed by anti-inflammatory nutrition. These molecular targets range from reduction of proinflammatory eicosanoids to the modulation of features of the innate immune system, such as toll-like receptors and gene transcription factors. From knowledge of the impact of these dietary nutrients on these various molecular targets, it becomes possible to develop a general outline of an anti-inflammatory diet that can offer a unique synergism with more traditional pharmacological approaches in treating obesity and its associated comorbidities.

scholarly journals Gene expression analysis of the innate immune system during early rearing and weaning of meagre (Argyrosomus regius)

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 819-832
Author(s):  
Cindy Campoverde ◽  
Douglas J. Milne ◽  
Christopher J. Secombes ◽  
Alicia Estévez ◽  
Enric Gisbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Argyrosomus Regius ◽  
Early Rearing

scholarly journals Innate Immune Responses of Skin Mucosa in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Fed a Diet Supplemented with Galactooligosaccharides

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Pietrzak ◽  
Jan Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Anna Slawinska
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Skin Mucosa

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are well-known immunomodulatory prebiotics. We hypothesize that GOS supplemented in feed modulates innate immune responses in the skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) of common carp. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of GOS on mRNA expression of the immune-related genes in skin mucosa. During the feeding trial, the juvenile fish (bodyweight 180 ± 5 g) were fed two types of diet for 50 days: control and supplemented with 2% GOS. At the end of the trial, a subset of fish was euthanized (n = 8). Skin mucosa was collected, and RNA was extracted. Gene expression analysis was performed with RT-qPCR to determine the mRNA abundance of the genes associated with innate immune responses in SALT, i.e., acute-phase protein (CRP), antimicrobial proteins (His2Av and GGGT5L), cytokines (IL1β, IL4, IL8, IL10, and IFNγ), lectin (CLEC4M), lyzosymes (LyzC and LyzG), mucin (M5ACL), peroxidase (MPO), proteases (CTSB and CTSD), and oxidoreductase (TXNL). The geometric mean of 40s s11 and ACTB was used to normalize the data. Relative quantification of the gene expression was calculated with ∆∆Ct. GOS upregulated INFγ (p ≤ 0.05) and LyzG (p ≤ 0.05), and downregulated CRP (p ≤ 0.01). We conclude that GOS modulates innate immune responses in the skin mucosa of common carp.

scholarly journals The innate immune system and neurogenesis as modulating mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy in pre-clinical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086-1097
Author(s):  
Juliette Giacobbe ◽  
Carmine M Pariante ◽  
Alessandra Borsini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
System Response ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a powerful and fast-acting anti-depressant strategy, often used in treatment-resistant patients. In turn, patients with treatment-resistant depression often present an increased inflammatory response. The impact of ECT on several pathophysiological mechanisms of depression has been investigated, with a focus which has largely been on cellular and synaptic plasticity. Although changes in the immune system are known to influence neurogenesis, these processes have principally been explored independently from each other in the context of ECT. Objective: The aim of this review was to compare the time-dependent consequences of acute and chronic ECT on concomitant innate immune system and neurogenesis-related outcomes measured in the central nervous system in pre-clinical studies. Results: During the few hours following acute electroconvulsive shock (ECS), the expression of the astrocytic reactivity marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and inflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), were significantly increased together with the neurogenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cell proliferation. Similarly, chronic ECS caused an initial upregulation of the same astrocytic marker, immune genes, and neurogenic factors. Interestingly, over time, inflammation appeared to be dampened, while glial activation and neurogenesis were maintained, after either acute or chronic ECS. Conclusion: Regardless of treatment duration ECS would seemingly trigger a rapid increase in inflammatory molecules, dampened over time, as well as a long-lasting activation of astrocytes and production of growth and neurotrophic factors, leading to cell proliferation. This suggests that both innate immune system response and neurogenesis might contribute to the efficacy of ECT.

Effect of plinabulin, a novel late-clinical stage immunotherapeutic agent on the adaptive and innate immune system.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Ramon W. Mohanlal ◽  
Lan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
The Impact

8 Background: Plinabulin (Plin) is a small molecule Dendritic Cell modulator, which in the presence of antigen, increases T-cell proliferation in an antigen-dependent manner marrow. The addition of Plin to Docetaxel (Doc) improved mOS with 4.6 months vs Docetaxel monotherapy, and prolonged DoR with more than 1 year (p < 0.05), which is indicative of an immune-mediated mechanism of action (Mohanlal, ASCO-SITC 2017). Neutrophils are our first line of innate immune defense against foreign invaders. We previously reported that Plinabulin prevents chemotherapy (Chemo) Induced Neutropenia (CIN) in patients receiving Doc or TAC throughout the cycle (Doc, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide) (Blayney ASH 2018, St Gallen 2019). Here we analyzed the onset time of neutrophil increase following Plin administration. In addition, we analyzed the impact of Plin on plasma haptoglobin, which is an acute phase protein with anti-inflammatory effects together with immune-enhancing effects and is an integral part of innate immunity (Kristiansen Nature 2001). Methods: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and haptoglobin data were analyzed from Phase 2 study BPI-2358-106 (NCT03294577) with 10 (n = 15), 20 (n = 15) and 30 mg/m2 (n = 12) Plin in Breast Cancer patients receiving TAC. Plin was administered on Day 1. ANC and Haptoglobin were analyzed by a Central Laboratory (Covance), from blood draws at predose, and post-dose Plin at Day 2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 and 15, and changes relative to predose value were evaluated. Results: Plin dose-dependently increased ANC within 1 day (P < 0.001) and Haptoglobin within 3 days (P < 0.03) of dosing. Mean haptoglobin (P < 0.0005) and ANC (P < 0.001) levels increased with ~two-fold vs baseline levels. ANC levels remained increased for approximately 1 week and haptoglobin levels for > 3 weeks. Conclusions: Based on Plinabulin’s ability to stimulate the innate system, together with its previously reported evidence as a potent activator of the adaptive immune system (Mohanlal, ASCO-SITC 2017), it is concluded that Plinabulin is a potent stimulator of the adaptive and innate immune system. Clinical trial information: NCT03294577.

scholarly journals Candidate innate immune system gene expression in the ecological model Daphnia

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1068-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Decaestecker ◽  
Pierrick Labbé ◽  
Kirsten Ellegaard ◽  
Judith E. Allen ◽  
Tom J. Little
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Innate Immune

scholarly journals The Impact of Lactobacillus casei on the Composition of the Cecal Microbiota and Innate Immune System Is Strain Specific

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0156374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Busra Aktas ◽  
Travis J. De Wolfe ◽  
Nasia Safdar ◽  
Benjamin J. Darien ◽  
James L. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Is Strain

scholarly journals Immune cells—A curse and a blessing!

2021 ◽  
Vol 218 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valbona Mirakaj
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
The Impact

Innate immune cells are crucial in the development and regulation of cardiovascular disease. In this issue, two groups, Davis et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201839) and Li et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210008) describe the impact of the innate immune system on the development of cardiovascular disease.

The Effect of Phytochemical Extracts on Cytokine Gene Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Mashkina ◽  
Aziz Alkhaddour
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the last century, nutritional supplements have shown a wide spectrum of biochemical effects, most notably about immunomodulation and countering inflammation. Objective: This study investigates the impact of phytochemical compounds that are present in different quantities of pomegranate, grape seeds and garlic extracts on the expression of inflammatory (IL1β and IL6) and anti-inflammatory (IL10) genes, the effects of polymorphisms in these genes on this response. Methods: Human peripheral blood leukocyte cultures were treated with pomegranate (1.2% or 2.4%), garlic (0.5% or 1.2%), or grape seed (1.2% or 2.4%) extracts. Gene expression was assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Polymorphisms of the cytokine genes were analyzed using allele-specific PCR. Results: Pomegranate extract (2.4%) reduced the transcription of IL1β by 16-fold in comparison to control. The expression of IL6 relative to the control after the addition of grape seed extract (1.2%) was reduced by 100-fold. The grape seeds extract (1.2%) showed the effect of increasing transcription for IL10 compared to the control. The level of IL1β transcription in culture with garlic extract depends on the genotype of the cell for -31T>C polymorphism (r = 0.67 p = 0.03). There is correlation between polymorphism -174G>C and level gene expression IL6 (r=-0.66, p = 0.04) after adding grape seeds extract. Conclusion: The phytochemical compounds in pomegranate extracts and grape seed extracts play the role of anti-inflammatory by decreasing the gene expression of IL1β, IL6 and increasing the transcription of IL10.

Abstract 458: Omega-3 Supplementation Does Not Affect Inflammatory Gene Expression in the Small Intestine of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-ève Labonté ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
André J Tremblay ◽  
Jean-Charles Hogue ◽  
Valéry Lemelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Gene ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Recent evidence suggests that diet-induced inflammation in the small intestine is linked to obesity and insulin resistance. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating inflammatory gene expression in adipocytes and mononuclear cells. However, the extent to which EPA and DHA may exert their anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating inflammation in the gut is unknown. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of EPA+DHA supplementation on the expression of inflammatory genes in the small intestine of patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 12 men with type 2 diabetes were recruited in this placebo-controlled randomized crossover study. After a 4-week run-in period, patients received in random sequence 5 g/d of fish oil providing 3 g of EPA+DHA or placebo (corn and soybean oil) for 8 weeks, each separated by a 12-week washout period. Gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR in duodenal biopsy samples obtained in the fasted state at the end of each treatment phase. Intestinal mRNA expression levels for interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor-necrosis factor(TNF)-α were hardly detectable after either treatment (< 100 copies/10^5 copies of the reference gene ATP synthase O subunit, ATP5o). Intestinal mRNA expression of IL-18 and of the transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) was higher (> 5000 copies/10^5 copies ATP5o) but still relatively low and EPA+DHA supplementation had no impact on any of these levels (P ≥ 0.73 between treatments). Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations after supplementation with EPA+DHA (5.2 ± 4.5 mg/L) were not significantly different than values measured after placebo (8.0 ± 10.8 mg/L, P = 0.2). In conclusion, these data suggest that gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and STAT3 in duodenal cells is low in patients with type 2 diabetes and not affected by EPA+DHA supplementation.

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