scholarly journals Coccophagus scutellaris(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): A Highly Effective Biological Control Agent of Soft Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Egypt

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaaban Abd-Rabou
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Coccus Hesperidum ◽  
Saissetia Oleae

About 953000 individuals of the cosmopolitan parasitoid,Coccophagus scutellaris(Dalman) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), were released and evaluated during 2009-2010 for the control of the following soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) infesting the following economic crops in Egypt:Ceroplastes ruscion citrus in Beni Seuf,Ceroplastes floridensisComstock on citrus in Gharbiya,Coccus hesperidumL. on guava in Giza,Pulvinaria floccifera(Westwood) on mango in Sharqiya,Pulvinaria psidiiMaskell on mango in Ismailia,Saissetia coffeae(Walker) on olive in Marsa Matruh, andSaissetia oleae(Oliver) on olive in the Northern Coast. The population ofC. scutellarisshowed a significant correlation with the build up of the population of the soft scale insects population in all of the release sites studied. The maximum rate of parasitism of the other species of parasitoids associated with soft scale insects at the release sites decreased after the release ofC. scutellaris.

Lecanicillium sabanense sp. nov. (Cordycipitaceae) a new fungal entomopathogen of coccids

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan S Chiriví-Salomón ◽  
Giovanna Danies ◽  
Silvia Restrepo ◽  
Tatiana Sanjuan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogen

A new species of Lecanicillium was found associated with the soft scale insect Pulvinaria caballeroramosae (Coccidae), an important pest of Ficus soatensis (Moraceae) in Bogotá, Colombia. Lecanicillium sabanense sp. nov. differs from similar Lecanicillium spp. mainly in the size of the conidia, in the vertical arrangement of phialides on the host, and in the tomentose mycelium that sparsely covers the cuticle of the host. Phylogenetic analyses using ITS, SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB1, and RPB2 also confirmed the distinctness of this new species. Fungal epizootics were found on female soft scale insects, which may have implications for biological control in the forestry program of the city. The ecology of the fungus as well as its potential use as a biological control agent are further discussed.

Antennal transcriptome analysis and candidate olfactory genes in Crematogaster rogenhoferi

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Jixing Guo ◽  
Mingxia Zhang ◽  
Chunxiu Bai ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Neuron Membrane ◽  
Ionotropic Receptors ◽  
Soft Scale

Abstract Crematogaster rogenhoferi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), an omnivorous ant, is one of the dominant predatory natural enemies of a soft scale pest, Parasaissetia nigra Nietner (Homoptera: Coccidae), and can effectively control P. nigra populations in rubber forests. Olfaction plays a vital role in the process of predation. However, the information about the molecular mechanism of olfaction-evoked behaviour in C. rogenhoferi is limited. In this study, we conducted antennal transcriptome analysis to identify candidate olfactory genes. We obtained 53,892 unigenes, 16,185 of which were annotated. Based on annotations, we identified 49 unigenes related to chemoreception, including four odourant-binding proteins, three chemosensory proteins, 37 odourant receptors, two odourant ionotropic receptors and three sensory neuron membrane proteins. This is the first report on the molecular basis of the chemosensory system of C. rogenhoferi. The findings provide a basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the olfactory-related behaviours of C. rogenhoferi, which would facilitate a better application of C. rogenhoferi as a biological control agent.

Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Phyllophaga crinita and Anomala flavipennis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque ◽  
F. Silvestre ◽  
V. M. Hernández ◽  
H. Quiroz ◽  
J. E. Throne
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Lethal Time

Five isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and 3 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin were tested against third-instar larvae of Phyllophaga crinita (Burmeister) and Anomala flavipennis Burmeister under laboratory conditions using the “maximum challenge test” protocol. The M. anisopliae strains were more virulent than the B. bassiana strains, with the isolates MAGL3N and MAGL4N of M. anisopliae causing the highest mortality in both white grub species. Regardless of scarab species, mortality caused by MAGL3N was >63% after 4 days and >96% after 10 days. The other strain of M. anisopliae, MAGC2N, also caused high mortality in A. flavipennis, but at a slower rate than MAGL3N. Median lethal time (LT50) for MAGL3N was 2.9 days for P. crinita and 3.0 d for A. flavipennis. The LT50 for MAGL4N was 5.3 d for P. crinita and 7.6 d for A. flavipennis while the LT50 for MAGC2N was 4.4 d for A. flavipennis. Metarhizium anisopliae is a potential biological control agent for P. crinita and A. flavipennis and should be further investigated for possible development.

scholarly journals Detection of a Tasmanian strain of the biological control agent Enoggera nassaui Girault (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) using mitochondrial COI

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Murphy ◽  
M.K. Kay ◽  
G.R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Climatic Range

Paropsis charybdis (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) an Australian pest of Eucalyptus in New Zealand is subject to biological control by Enoggera nassaui (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) a solitary egg parasitoid sourced from Western Australia ( Perth Strain) in 1987 Erratic control in inland regions of New Zealand led to the introduction and release in 2000 of two Tasmanian E nassaui strains to attempt expansion of the climatic range of biocontrol Samples recovered a year later were analysed using partial sequences of the Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial gene to test for establishment This method detected a haplotype corresponding with a Tasmanian (Florentine Valley) strain However as sequences could not be obtained from original Perth strain stocks some doubt remains as to the genetic source of the other current E nassaui populations in New Zealand COI proved adept at distinguishing between different parasitoid populations and shows promise for similar studies

scholarly journals The Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp in Italy: Surveys on its Native and Exotic Parasitoids as Well as on Chestnut Cultivar Susceptibility

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Bracalini ◽  
F. Croci ◽  
A. Turchi ◽  
E. Giordani ◽  
R. Tiberi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Torymus Sinensis ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility

In the context of biological control against the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Italy, the aim of this study was to survey its native parasitoids as well as the exotic Torymus sinensis Kamijo which had been introduced and released as a biological control agent. Furthermore, both parasitism and pest susceptibility of local chestnut trees were investigated. Surveys were carried out in 2014 in the Municipality of Sambuca Pistoiese (Pistoia), in a chestnut forest which included three cultivars: Nerattino, Carpinese, and Pastinese. On a total of 35 trees, selected among the three cultivars, 24 current-year shoots were randomly collected and examined in the laboratory. After the damage by the cynipid had been assessed, leaf samples were used for molecular analyses. Galls were also collected on the 35 selected trees both for dissection and to rear parasitoid specimens in the laboratory. The three cultivars were confirmed by genetic tests. The Carpinese cultivar resulted to be the most damaged, with highest percentage of attacked shoots (84.38%). Moreover it was also the cultivar with the lower parasitism rate (about 16%). From reared galls seven parasitoid species emerged, all belonging to the superfamily of Chalcidoidea. Exception made for the non-native T. sinensis, the other six were native species associated to oak gall wasps.  Native parasitoids were more scarcely present, while the exotic T. sinensis amounted for the 84.27% of all emerged parasitoids. Our results confirm how chestnut susceptibility to D. kuriphilus varies depending on the cultivar. Overall, the Nerattino cultivar resulted as the best among the three examined: it was subject to a less intense attack than the other cultivars, and the resulting smaller galls were more effectively exploited by parasitoids.

scholarly journals An Insight into the Role of Trissolcus mitsukurii as Biological Control Agent of Halyomorpha halys in Northeastern Italy

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Scaccini ◽  
Martina Falagiarda ◽  
Francesco Tortorici ◽  
Isabel Martinez-Sañudo ◽  
Paola Tirello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Northeastern Italy

Sustainable strategies such as classical or augmentative biological control are currently being evaluated for the long-term management of the alien invasive pest Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). A three-year study carried out in northeastern Italy was performed to investigate the distribution and field performance of the H. halys egg parasitoid Trissolcus mitsukurii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), in comparison with other parasitoid species. In the study area, adventive populations of T. mitsukurii were present since 2016, representing the earliest detection of this species in Europe. Trissolcus mitsukurii was the most abundant parasitoid and showed a higher “parasitoid impact” (i.e., number of parasitized eggs over the total number of field-collected eggs) compared to the other species, i.e., Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) and Trissolcus kozlovi Rjachovskij (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The hyperparasitoid Acroclisoides sinicus (Huang and Liao) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was also recorded. Phylogenetic analysis of T. mitsukurii population distinguished two clades, one covering samples from Italy, Japan and China, the other from South Korea. The present study provides promising results for the biological control of a pest that is having a dramatic impact on a wide range of crops worldwide.

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