scholarly journals Dysfunction of Lacrimal and Salivary Glands in Sjögren's Syndrome: Nonimmunologic Injury in Preinflammatory Phase and Mouse Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiharu Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Morphologic Changes ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth due to dacryoadenitis and sialoadenitis with SS-A/Ro and/or SS-B/La autoantibodies in genetically predisposed individuals. Destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands by autoimmune reactions may lead to clinical manifestation. However, the mechanisms behind the decreased volume of secretions in tears and saliva are complex and are not fully understood. Exocrine gland dysfunction may precede autoimmunity (acquired immunity) or represent a process independent from inflammation in the pathogenesis of SjS. The preceded functional and morphologic changes of those tissues by nonimmunologic injury before the development of inflammation at the sites of target organs have been implicated. This paper focuses on the several factors and components relating to glandular dysfunction and morphologic changes by nonimmunologic injury during the preinflammatory phase in mouse model, including the factors which link between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

The Use of Whole Saliva in the Differential Diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Sreebny ◽  
W.X. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome ◽  
Immunologic Test

Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic, multisystem. autoimmune disorder. It is characterized by (1) generalized exocrine gland dysfunction, (2) serologic abnormalities, and (3) organ-system changes. Oral changes are a prominent feature of this disease. Among these are xerostomia and hypofunction of the salivary glands. Given the intimate relationship between SS and the salivary glands, it is reasonable to postulate that whole saliva (WS) contains the stigmata associated with the presence of this disease. But few studies have been conducted on this secretion. Indeed, WS has largely been neglected and ignored by physicians, dentists, and scientists. Objections to its use have included the fact that it is "impure", that it does not adequately represent what is present in the salivary glands, that no standards have been established for its rate of flow, and that findings based on it lack specificity. Yet, it is this secretion which coats and protects the hard and soft oral tissues, enables us to prepare our food for digestion, and assists our speech. This review will demonstrate that there is a uniqueness and constancy to whole saliva and that it may be used to diagnose the presence of SS. "Screening tests", which include several simple-to-perform sialometric, chemical, and microbiologic procedures, may be conducted in doctors' offices to establish the "profile" of an SS patient. Electrophoretic studies may be used to study the nature of the salivary proteins, and an immunologic test, which is performed on WS and utilizes Western Blot Autoantibody Strips (ImmunoVision. Springdale, AR). may be used to establish the definitive diagnosis of SS.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of iPSC-MSCs and Their Extracellular Vesicles on the Onset of Sialadenitis in a Mouse Model of Sjögren’s Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hai ◽  
Taeko Shigemoto-Kuroda ◽  
Qingguo Zhao ◽  
Ryang Hwa Lee ◽  
Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Lymphocyte Infiltration ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

No effective treatment for Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), a chronic autoimmune disease affecting mainly salivary and lacrimal glands, is available now. Systemic infusion of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from tissues such as bone marrow (BM) alleviated SS in mouse models and a small clinical trial, but further research and application of this MSC therapy were hindered by limited expandability, significant donor variations, and safety concerns of tissue-derived MSCs. To circumvent these issues, we derived MSCs from human iPSCs using an optimized protocol that can be easily scaled up to produce a huge amount of standardized MSCs. Our iPSC-MSCs inhibited the onset of lymphocyte infiltration into salivary glands in the NOD mouse model of SS in the same way as BM-MSCs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry bioactive molecules in the same way as their originating cells and are more stable and considered much safer than cells for therapies. We found that EVs derived from BM-MSCs and iPSC-MSCs suppressed activation of immune cells and expression of proinflammation factors essential for SS progression in vitro and that infusion of iPSC-MSC EVs at the predisease stage decreased the lymphocyte infiltration in salivary glands and serum autoantibody levels in the same way as infusion of BM-MSCs and iPSC-MSCs. These data suggested that iPSC-MSC EVs have the potential to prevent the progression of SS before the onset of sialadenitis.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF SJOGREN'S SYNDROME THROUGH AYURVEDA : A CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Raja Singla ◽  
Dr Harish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Exocrine Glands ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic, slowly progressing autoimmune disorder characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands resulting in xerostomia and dry eyes (conjunctivitis). 1) The disease can present as an entity alone or in association with other auto-immune diseases like Scleroderma, RA, SLE & auto-immune thyroid disease. 2) In this article, attempt is made to understand the Sjögren's syndrome & its treatment in ayurveda by considering the concept of udakvaha srotodushti, vyadhikshamatva and vatadhikya vatrakta. Keywords:Auto-immune, Vatadhikya Vatrakta, Sjögren's syndrome, Udakvaha srotodushti

scholarly journals Cenerimod, a selective S1P1 receptor modulator, improves organ-specific disease outcomes in animal models of Sjögren’s syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Gerossier ◽  
Saba Nayar ◽  
Sylvie Froidevaux ◽  
Charlotte G. Smith ◽  
Celine Runser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Abstract Background Sjögren’s syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by immune cells predominantly infiltrating the exocrine glands and frequently forming ectopic lymphoid structures. These structures drive a local functional immune response culminating in autoantibody production and tissue damage, associated with severe dryness of mucosal surfaces and salivary gland hypofunction. Cenerimod, a potent, selective and orally active sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 modulator, inhibits the egress of lymphocytes into the circulation. Based on the mechanism of action of cenerimod, its efficacy was evaluated in two mouse models of Sjögren’s syndrome. Methods Cenerimod was administered in two established models of Sjögren’s syndrome; firstly, in an inducible acute viral sialadenitis model in C57BL/6 mice, and, secondly, in the spontaneous chronic sialadenitis MRL/lpr mouse model. The effects of cenerimod treatment were then evaluated by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, histopathology and immunoassays. Comparisons between groups were made using a Mann-Whitney test. Results In the viral sialadenitis model, cenerimod treatment reduced salivary gland immune infiltrates, leading to the disaggregation of ectopic lymphoid structures, reduced salivary gland inflammation and preserved organ function. In the MRL/lpr mouse model, cenerimod treatment decreased salivary gland inflammation and reduced T cells and proliferating plasma cells within salivary gland ectopic lymphoid structures, resulting in diminished disease-relevant autoantibodies within the salivary glands. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that cenerimod can reduce the overall autoimmune response and improve clinical parameters in the salivary glands in models of Sjögren’s syndrome and consequently may reduce histological and clinical parameters associated with the disease in patients.

scholarly journals Sjögren's syndrome-literature review and clinical case presentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (08) ◽  
pp. 4559-4561
Author(s):  
Zornitsa Mihaylova ◽  
Pavel Stanimirov
Keyword(s):  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic disorder with clinical presentation of dry eyes, dry mouth and autoimmune disorder. Recently the number of patients with SS is increasing. In middle age female patients, having symptoms of dry mouth and salivary glands enlargement, SS should always be suspected. We present a  clinical case report of a patient with SS. Based on the therapy and  long term follow-up, we may conclude that via appropriate treatment significant improvement could be achieved.

scholarly journals Innate Immunity and Biological Therapies for the Treatment of Sjögren’s Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9172
Author(s):  
Amrita Srivastava ◽  
Helen P. Makarenkova
Keyword(s):  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder affecting approximately 3% of the population in the United States. This disease has a female predilection and affects exocrine glands, including lacrimal and salivary glands. Dry eyes and dry mouths are the most common symptoms due to the loss of salivary and lacrimal gland function. Symptoms become more severe in secondary SS, where SS is present along with other autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. It is known that aberrant activation of immune cells plays an important role in disease progression, however, the mechanism for these pathological changes in the immune system remains largely unknown. This review highlights the role of different immune cells in disease development, therapeutic treatments, and future strategies that are available to target various immune cells to cure the disease.

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