scholarly journals Optimal Hidden Node Area for Enhancing Routing Protocol Performance in IEEE 802.11 Multihop MANETs

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emeka Egbogah ◽  
Liqi Shi ◽  
Abraham Fapojuwo
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Hidden Node ◽  
End To End ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Successful Packet ◽  
Different Levels

The prevalence of hidden node areas in IEEE 802.11 multihop MANETs continues to hinder the performance of routing protocols. This letter presents an analytical model that relates the hidden node area to the hop distance between two communicating nodes. Unlike descriptions from the literature, we describe the hidden node area in terms of multiple layers and the different levels of interference contributed by each layer. We then develop mathematical expressions to determine the probability of successful delivery and end-to-end delay of a packet transmitted over multiple hops to a receiver node exposed to hidden nodes, as a function of hop distance. The numerical results show that decreasing the hop distance increases the probability of successful packet reception at a receiver, at the cost of increased end-to-end delay. However, using a specified delay objective, routing protocols can institute a hop distance threshold metric to limit the number of transmissions that produce collisions in the hidden node area and, thus, maximize their performance.

scholarly journals Impact of Direction Parameter in Performance of Modified AODV in VANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Ahamed ◽  
Hamid Vakilzadian
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
End To End ◽  
Route Request ◽  
The Impact

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a technology in which moving cars are used as routers (nodes) to establish a reliable mobile communication network among the vehicles. Some of the drawbacks of the routing protocol, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), associated with VANETs are the end-to-end delay and packet loss. We modified the AODV routing protocols to reduce the number of route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) messages by adding direction parameters and two-step filtering. The two-step filtering process reduces the number of RREQ and RREP packets, reduces the packet overhead, and helps to select the stable route. In this study, we show the impact of the direction parameter in reducing the end-to-end delay and the packet loss in AODV. The simulation results show a 1.4% reduction in packet loss, an 11% reduction in the end-to-end delay, and an increase in throughput.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of QoS Using AODV, TORA and ZRP Routing Protocol in MANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-750
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad ◽  
Fahad Masood ◽  
Arbab Wajid Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) nodes often change their location independently where neither fixed nor centralized infrastructure is present. Nodes communicate with each other directly or via intermediate nodes. The advantages of the MANET layout lead to self-structure and compatibility to most important functions such as traffic distribution and load balancing. Whenever the host moves rapidly in the network the topology becomes updated due to which the structure of MANET varies accordingly. In the literature, different routing protocols have been studied and compared by researchers. Still, there are queries regarding the performance of these protocols under different scenarios. MANETs are not based on a predesigned structure. In this paper, the performance assessment of the Quality of Services (QoS) for different protocols such as Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) in the existence of the various number of communicating nodes is studied. The performance matrices throughput, end – to – end delay and packet delivery ratio are considered for simulations. Ns 2.35 simulator is used for carrying out these simulations. Results are compared for AODV, TORA, and ZRP routing protocols. The results show that AODV and TORA perform well in end – to – end delay as compared to zone routing protocol. Zone routing protocol performs well in packet delivery ratio and throughput as compared to both the other protocols.

Performance Evaluation of Energy and Delay Aware Quality of Service (QoS) Routing Protocols in Mobile Adhoc Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
R. Asokan ◽  
A.M. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Adhoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Adhoc Network ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Adhoc Networks ◽  
End To End

Mobile adhoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile devices which form a communication network with no pre-existing wiring or infrastructure. Multiple routing protocols have been developed for MANETs. As MANETs gain popularity, their need to support real time applications is growing as well. Quality of service(QoS) provisioning is becoming a critical issue in designing mobile adhoc networks due to the necessity of providing multimedia applications.These applications have stringent QoS requirements such as throughput, end-to-end delay, and energy. Due to dynamic topology and bandwidth constraint supporting QoS is a challenging task. QoS aware routing is an important building block for QoS support. The primary goal of the QoS aware protocol is to determine the path from source to destination that satisfies the QoS requirements. This article proposes a new energy and delay aware protocols called, energy and delay aware Adhoc On demand Distance Vector Routing (EDAODV) and energy and delay aware Dynamic Source Routing(EDDSR) based on extension of AODV and DSR. Simulation results show that the proposed protocols have a better performance than AODV and DSR in terms of energy, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation for vehicular ad-hoc networks based routing protocols

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1080-1091
Author(s):  
Hussain Falih Mahdi ◽  
Mohammed Salah Abood ◽  
Mustafa Maad Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Router ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Aodv Protocol ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
End To End ◽  
Hoc Networks

VANET is a branch of MANETS, where each vehicle is a node, and a wireless router will run. The vehicles are similar to each other will interact with a wide range of nodes or vehicles and establish a network. VANETs provide us with the infrastructure to build new solutions for improving safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. There are several routing protocols proposed and evaluated for improving VANET's performance. The simulator is preferred over external experience because it is easy, simple, and inexpensive. In this paper, we choose AODV protocol, DSDV protocol, and DSR protocol with five different nodes density. For each protocol, as regards specific parameters like (throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end- to- end delay). On simulators that allow users to build real-time navigation models of simulations using VANET. Tools (SUMO, MOVE, and NS-2) were used for this paper, then graphs were plotted for evaluation using Trace-graph. The results showed the DSR is much higher than AODV and DSDV, In terms of throughput. While DSDV is the best choice because of the low average end to end delay. From the above, we conclude that each strategy has its own negative and positive aspects that make it ideally suited to a particular scenario than other scenarios.

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