scholarly journals Comparative Phylogeography of the Coral Triangle and Implications for Marine Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E. Carpenter ◽  
Paul H. Barber ◽  
Eric D. Crandall ◽  
Ma. Carmen A. Ablan-Lagman ◽  
Ambariyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Comparative Phylogeography ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Divergence Dates

Extreme concentration of marine biodiversity and exploitation of marine resources in the Coral Triangle pose challenges to biogeographers and resource managers. Comparative phylogeography provides a powerful tool to test biogeographic hypotheses evoked to explain species richness in the Coral Triangle. It can also be used to delineate management units for marine resources. After about a decade of phylogeographical studies, patterns for the Coral Triangle are emerging. Broad connectivity in some species support the notion that larvae have maintained gene flow among distant populations for long periods. Other phylogeographic patterns suggest vicariant events resulting from Pleistocene sea level fluctuations, which have, at least occasionally, resulted in speciation. Divergence dates ranging back to the Miocene suggest that changing land configurations may have precipitated an explosion of species diversification. A synthesis of the marine phylogeographic studies reveals repeated patterns that corroborate hypothesized biogeographic processes and suggest improved management schemes for marine resources.

scholarly journals The Coral Triangle Initiative: what are we missing? A case study from Aceh

Oryx ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edi Rudi ◽  
Stuart J. Campbell ◽  
Andrew S. Hoey ◽  
Nur Fadli ◽  
Matthew Linkie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Coral Fauna ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Reef Fauna

AbstractThe Coral Triangle Initiative is an ambitious attempt to conserve the marine biodiversity hotspot known as the Coral Triangle. However, the reef fauna in many nearby regions remains poorly explored and, consequently, the focus on the Coral Triangle risks overlooking other areas of high conservation significance. One region of potential significance, Aceh, Indonesia, has not been visited by coral taxonomists since the Dutch colonial period. Here we document the species richness of scleractinian corals of Pulau Weh, Aceh. We also compare the species richness of the genus Acropora at 3–5 sites in each of nine regions in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Although dominated by widespread Indo-Pacific species, the coral fauna of Pulau Weh is also the eastern and western boundary for many Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean species, respectively. We identified a total of 133 scleractinian species, of which three have been previously recorded only in the western Indian Ocean and five are presently undescribed. The mean species richness of the Acropora at Pulau Weh is similar to regions within the Coral Triangle. This high species richness plus the high proportion of endemics suggests that the Andaman Sea is of similarly high conservation value to the Coral Triangle. We suggest that an international initiative similar to the Coral Triangle Initiative is required to conserve this region, which includes the territorial waters of six countries.

scholarly journals Sleuthing cryptic Chromodorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia): adding to Philippine marine biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Reef Environments ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Water Coral ◽  
Pseudocryptic Species

The Verde Island Passage of the Philippines is renowned for its rich marine biodiversity and heterobranch mollusks are demonstrable models of that species richness of the region. Chromodorid nudibranchs represent a particularly rich taxon, with species of Chromodoris being one of the most iconic and abundant taxa in shallow water coral reef environments. Despite being one of the best-documented clades of nudibranch mollusks, recent work has shown that numerous cryptic and pseudocryptic species are abundant in the waters of the Coral Triangle region. This paper reviews the species richness and distribution of Chromodoris species in the Philippines and provides a description of a new species of Chromodoris from the region. Chromodoris alcalai Gosliner, n. sp. is named to honor Dr. Angel Alcala’s 90th birthday and his pioneering contributions to preserving the marine biodiversity of the Philippines. This species is most similar externally to C. dianae Gosliner and Behrens, 1998, with which it was erroneous lumped. Distinctness of molecular data, external morphology and coloration, and internal anatomical features clearly distinguish these two species. KEYWORDS: systematics, Nudibranchia, coral reefs, Indo-Pacific, Coral Triangle

scholarly journals Delineating priority areas for marine biodiversity conservation in the Coral Triangle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irawan Asaad ◽  
Carolyn J. Lundquist ◽  
Mark V. Erdmann ◽  
Mark J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Conservation Concern

Identifying priority areas for biodiversity conservation requires systematic approaches and integrated ecological and biological information. Here, we applied a range of ecological criteria to assess areas of biodiversity importance in the Coral Triangle region, a priority region for marine biodiversity conservation because of its high species richness and endemicity. We used distribution data of three biogenic habitats to assess the criterion of sensitive habitat, modeled geographic distributions of 10,672 species ranges and occurrence records of 19,251 species to evaluate the criterion of species richness, distributions of 834 species of special conservation concern to examine the criterion of species of conservation concern, distributions of 373 reef fish species to assess the criterion of restricted-range species, and distribution of nesting sites and migratory route of six species of sea turtle to evaluate the criterion of areas of importance for particular life history stages. We identified areas of biodiversity importance by superimposing each of the different criterion. We performed two tiers of multi-criteria analysis: (1) a Coral Triangle regional level analysis to identify “clustered hotspots” (i.e., groups of cells) of biodiversity significance, and (2) a site-based analysis to identify the specific sites (cells) of greatest biodiversity importance. We found that approximately 13% of the Coral Triangle was clustered into hotspots of high biodiversity importance. These areas occurred along the southern part of the Philippines, the north-eastern part of Malaysian Sabah, central to eastern reaches of Indonesia, the eastern part of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. By comparison, the site-based analysis identified seven sites of highest biodiversity importance in the Coral Triangle include: (1) the northern tip of Sulawesi Island, (2) Ambon Island, (3) Kei Islands, (4) Raja Ampat Archipelago of Indonesian Papua, (5) the Verde Island Passage, (6) the southern part of Negros Island, and (7) Cebu Island. This information is useful to inform participatory decision-making processes in the Coral Triangle region to identify priority areas for conservation and management.

scholarly journals CRYPTIC MARINE BIODIVERSITY OF RAJA AMPAT ISLANDS

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Bert W. Hoeksema ◽  
Yosephine Tuti ◽  
Suharsono
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Marine Lakes ◽  
Very High

During a marine field survey in Raja Ampat as part of Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara (E-win), 21 scientists, studied the area's cryptic biota on coral reefs and in marine lakes. Cryptic species lead hidden lives due to their small size, successful camouflage or mimicry, or because they live in habitats that are easily overlooked or hard to access. Hundreds of species were sampled, many of which still have to be identified. The species richness of Raja Ampat appears to be very high, even among other areas within the centre of maximum marine biodiversity, the so-called Coral Triangle.

The Control of Pollution from River Discharges in the Mediterranean

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil H. Mancy
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
The Mediterranean

The pollution burden of river discharges in the Mediterranean far exceeds all other sources, e.g. land based sources. The main contributors are the Rhone, Po and Ebro. Contributions from the River Nile are expected to be much less than those from rivers in the European continent. Recent Nile management schemes and irrigation projects in Egypt are posing direct impacts on the Mediterranean. This includes the erosion of the Nile Delta and off-shore pollution due to wastewater discharges. In view of the prevailing circulation patterns in the Mediterranean, these impacts are dominant in the South Levantin region. Cutrent practices of river management do not necessarily include the protection of marine resources. Similarly, sea protection programs do not include pollution from sources in the river basin. Marine management programs are largely concerned with pollution loads at the points of river discharge. In the case of a land-locked sea, such as the Mediterranean, it is particularly important to integrate river basin management schemes in the sea protection program. Under a suitable management plan, it could be possible to determine main sources of sea pollution within the river basin. This should serve as the basis for the implementation of control measures, since the problem is not exclusively within the river basin.

Exploring Antimicrobials from the Flora and Fauna of Marine: Opportunities and Limitations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamoorthy Venkateskumar ◽  
Subramani Parasuraman ◽  
Leow Y. Chuen ◽  
Veerasamy Ravichandran ◽  
Subramani Balamurgan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Health Organization

About 95% of earth living space lies deep below the ocean’s surface and it harbors extraordinary diversity of marine organisms. Marine biodiversity is an exceptional reservoir of natural products, bioactive compounds, nutraceuticals and other potential compounds of commercial value. Timeline for the development of the drug from a plant, synthetic and other alternative sources is too lengthy. Exploration of the marine environment for potential bioactive compounds has gained focus and huge opportunity lies ahead for the exploration of such vast resources in the ocean. Further, the evolution of superbugs with increasing resistance to the currently available drugs is alarming and it needs coordinated efforts to resolve them. World Health Organization recommends the need and necessity to develop effective bioactive compounds to combat problems associated with antimicrobial resistance. Based on these factors, it is imperative to shift the focus towards the marine environment for potential bioactive compounds that could be utilized to tackle antimicrobial resistance. Current research trends also indicate the huge strides in research involving marine environment for drug discovery. The objective of this review article is to provide an overview of marine resources, recently reported research from marine resources, challenges, future research prospects in the marine environment.

scholarly journals KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA PESISIR DAN LAUT Hukum Adat Laot dan Lembaga Panglima Laot di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Time Determination

The fisherman communities of Aceh Nangroe Darussalam has been aware to manage their potential resources, their coast and seas for centuries equipped with local indigenous values tradition and culture, so-called „traditional wisdom.‟ The traditional wisdom implied in this region includes the authority ground of Panglima Laot, fishing time determination and the system of marine management cooperated with local government. The sanction is also applied as a consequence of its violation. They respect the nature a lot and believe if they “treat” the nature wisely and gently, it will give them something in return. They well manage between the local indigenous values tradition and culture and management of coastal and marine resources in order to maintain the sustainability of the resources. Primarily, after the tsunami, the fishermen society became more cautious and aware to preserve the ocean along with the resources.

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