scholarly journals Health and Functional Status of Adults with Intellectual Disability Referred to the Specialist Health Care Setting: A Five-Year Experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lee ◽  
J. Rianto ◽  
V. Raykar ◽  
H. Creasey ◽  
L. Waite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Rehabilitation Medicine ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
Multidisciplinary Clinic ◽  
Metropolitan Hospital ◽  
Specialist Health Care ◽  
Age Range

Aims and Method. The Developmental Disability Database in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at a metropolitan hospital was audited for observations on adults with Intellectual Disability living in the local region (total population 180,000) who were seen in an identified multidisciplinary specialist clinic, during 2006–2010. Results. There were 162 people (representing half the known number of adults with Intellectual Disability living in the region): 77 females, 85 males, age range 16–86 years. The most common complex disabilities referred to the specialists in this clinic were epilepsy (52%), challenging or changing behavior (42%) and movement disorders (34%). Early onset dementia was a feature of the group (7%). The prevalence of prescription of medications for gastro-oesophageal reflux was high (36%) and similar to the numbers of people taking psychotropic medications. The rates of chronic cardiovascular disease (2%), chronic respiratory disease (10%) and generalised arthritis (11%) were low overall, but did rise with increasing age. Conclusions. Complex neurological disabilities are common, and chronic medical illnesses are uncommon in adults with Intellectual Disability referred to specialist clinicians in this region. A combined, coordinated, multidisciplinary clinic model addresses some of the barriers experienced by adults with Intellectual Disability in the secondary health system.

scholarly journals Reasonable adjustments for people with intellectual disability in acute care: a scoping review of the evidence

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e039647
Author(s):  
Mairead Moloney ◽  
Therese Hennessy ◽  
Owen Doody
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Acute Care Setting ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Acute Care Settings ◽  
Fair Access

ObjectivesPeople with intellectual disability are vulnerable in terms of health service provision due to increased comorbidity, higher dependency and cognitive impairment. This review explored the literature to ascertain what reasonable adjustments are evident in acute care to support people with intellectual disability, ensuring they have fair access and utilisation of health services.DesignScoping review.SettingAcute care settings.MethodsFive databases were systematically searched to identify studies that reported on the implementation of reasonable adjustments. Authors worked in pairs to screen studies for inclusion, data were extracted and charted and findings were synthesised according to content and themes.ResultsOf the 7770 records identified, six studies were included in the review. The volume of evidence was influenced by specific inclusion criteria, and only papers that reported on the actual implementation of a reasonable adjustment within an acute care setting were included. Many papers reported on the concept of reasonable adjustment; however, few identified its applications in practice.ConclusionsThe scoping review highlights a lack of research on the practice and implementation of reasonable adjustments within acute care settings. There is a need for increased support, education and the provision of intellectual disability specialists across acute care settings.

Word processing and Written Composition: An Intervention for Children with Mild Intellectual Disability

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Maria Van der Kaay ◽  
Ken Wilton ◽  
Michael Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Mild Intellectual Disability ◽  
Children's Writing ◽  
Written Language Development ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Daily Writing ◽  
Word Processing Package

The effectiveness of word-processing as a supplementary written language intervention was examined in a sample of 14 children with mild intellectual disability. The children were enrolled in two special classes in an Auckland primary school. The study was initiated in the senior classroom (age-range 9–11 years), where a personal computer had been installed. In the initial week the children were taught to use a word-processing package, and for the next eight weeks, the children used the computer for daily writing activities. The computer was then shifted to the junior classroom (age-range 6–8 years), and after an initial 1-week period of learning to use the computer/software, the children used the computer for daily writing activities for the next four weeks. Samples of the children’s writing were collected over a 16-week period immediately prior to the introduction of the computer and immediately following the completion of the computer writing period. Each of the samples was subsequently rated on eight qualitative categories. Both classes showed significant improvements in the “organisation” of their writing, and the senior class also showed an increase in their “authority” as authors. The results suggest that use of a word-processing package can help to facilitate the written language development of children with mild intellectual disability

scholarly journals Qualification for upper secondary education in individuals with autism without intellectual disability: Total population study, Stockholm, Sweden

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136236132097592
Author(s):  
Isidora Stark ◽  
Peiwen Liao ◽  
Cecilia Magnusson ◽  
Michael Lundberg¹ ◽  
Dheeraj Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Upper Secondary Education ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Students With Autism

This study used the Stockholm Youth Cohort, a total population cohort ( N = 364,957), to describe patterns and predictors of qualification for upper secondary education, defined by passing graduation grades in core compulsory school subjects in contemporary young individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders without intellectual disability ( n = 6138). At the expected age for graduation, 16 years, 29% (adjusted rate difference 95% confidence interval (28.0–30.0)) fewer autistic than non-autistic individuals were qualified for upper secondary education (57% and 86%, respectively). Comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder further increased this difference. Within the group of autistic students without intellectual disability, female sex and lower family income were associated with non-qualification for upper secondary education. The proportion of students with autism without intellectual disability who qualified for upper secondary education increased at age 20. These findings underline the need for improved support for students with a diagnosis of autism without intellectual disability in mainstream education. Lay abstract Obtaining a quality education is important for any individual’s chances of leading a healthy and thriving life. Currently, educational policies in many countries underscore the rights of students with autism to be educated in mainstream schools. While there is some knowledge on school outcomes among students with autism from older studies, little is known about rates of qualification for upper secondary education among children with autism in mainstream schools today. This lack of knowledge is problematic since autism is diagnosed more widely, and prior evidence may not be relevant for individuals with autism and their families today. Using Swedish registers, we therefore examined this in a study including all children and young people in Stockholm County in 2001 through 2011. We found that about two thirds of children with autism without intellectual disability qualified for upper secondary education at the expected age, in comparison with about nine in ten among typically developing peers. We also found that girls with autism had further difficulties obtaining such qualification than boys and that those who were additionally diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were particularly at risk of non-qualification. Finally, students with autism without intellectual disability had a greater chance of completing compulsory education if given an extended period to graduate. These findings underline the need for supportive interventions for children with autism during compulsory school. They may also challenge the inclusive education policy adopted by majority of western countries, at least in the wake of addressing special needs in mainstream schooling.

scholarly journals “Bonus of Demography” as an Opportunity to Build Indonesian’s Welfare (Through the Role of Doctors in Primary Care in the STBM Program for Decreasing the Prevalence of Stunting)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Mariatul Fadilah
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Age Range

Demographic bonus is a condition where the composition of the population of productive age (age range 15-65 years old) is greater than the number of non-productive age population. According to BPS predictions, in 2020-2045 Indonesia has the opportunity to experience a demographic bonus, in which the country will have around 180 million productive-aged people, while those who are not productive are 60 million. Currently, 3 to 4 unproductive people will be rewarded by 10 productive people. In 2018 the total population of Indonesia is 265 million with a composition of 133.17 million women and 131.88 million men, where the population dependency ratio of Indonesia is 47.9%, which means there are 47 to 48 unproductive residents (aged under 15 years old and over 65 years old) who will be borne by 100 productive age population (15-65 years old). The problem is not the quantity of productive population but more towards its quality, so large a number will really make a bonus for the development of the Indonesian nation or on the contrary the explosion of population in this productive age will be a disaster for this beloved nation.

scholarly journals Intellectual disability among Bhutanese refugees referred to psychiatric service of BPKIHS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Binod Kumar Deo ◽  
L Mallick ◽  
D R Shakya ◽  
P M Shyangwa ◽  
N Sapkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Bhutanese Refugees ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Age Range

Background: Intellectual disability plays a significant role, especially in the field of rehabilitation. It becomes more important when people live in refugee camp for a long duration.Objective: To assess the level of intelligence and disability; and to sort out the illnesses comorbid with mental retardation in the Bhutanese refugees in eastern Nepal.Methods: Hospital based descriptive study was done using purposive sampling. Instruments used were: vineland social maturity scale, developmental screening test, seguin form board, standard progressive matrices and colored progressive matrices.Results: Samples were 42 with 64% females. Age range was 11-20 years. Among these referred cases, 45% had speech disorder and hearing loss and 31% had neurological disorders, including seizure disorders. Sixty-six percent had mild, 9% moderate and 19% severe mental retardation.Conclusion: Majority of the intellectually disabled Bhutanese refugees had mild mental retardation, followed by severe one. Seizure was a common co-morbidity in mental retardation. Health Renaissance 2015;13 (1): 

scholarly journals Specialist psychiatric health care utilization among older people with intellectual disability – predictors and comparisons with the general population: a national register study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ahlström ◽  
A. Axmon ◽  
M. Sandberg ◽  
J. Hultqvist
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Older People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Specialist Health Care

Abstract Background People with intellectual disability (ID) face considerable barriers to accessing psychiatric health care, thus there is a risk for health disparity. The aims of the present study were 1) to compare specialist psychiatric health care utilization among older people with ID to that with their age peers in the general population, taking into account demographic factors and co-morbidities associated with specialist psychiatric health care utilization and 2) to determine a model for prediction of specialist psychiatric health care utilization among older people with ID. Material and methods We identified a national cohort of people with ID (ID cohort), aged 55+ years and alive at the end of 2012 (n = 7936), and a referent cohort from the general population (gPop cohort) one-to-one matched by year of birth and sex. Data on utilization of inpatient and outpatient specialist psychiatric health care, as well as on co-morbidities identified in either psychiatric or somatic specialist health care, were collected from the National Patient Register for the time period 2002–2012. Results After adjusting for sex, age, specialist psychiatric health care utilization the previous year, and co-morbidities, people in the ID cohort still had an increased risk of visits to unplanned inpatient (relative risk [RR] 1.95), unplanned outpatient (RR 1.59), planned inpatient (RR 2.02), and planned outpatient (RR 1.93) specialist psychiatric health care compared with the general population. Within the ID cohort, increasing age was a predictor for less health care, whereas psychiatric health care the previous year predicted increased risk of health care utilization the current year. As expected, mental and behavioral disorders predicted increased risk for psychiatric health care. Furthermore, episodic and paroxysmal disorders increased the risk of planned psychiatric health care. Conclusions Older people with ID have a high need for psychiatric specialist health care due to a complex pattern of diagnoses. Further research needs to investigate the conditions that can explain the lesser psychiatric care in higher age groups. There is also a need of research on health care utilization among people with ID in the primary health care context. This knowledge is critical for policymakers’ plans of resources to meet the needs of these people.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Falls in Adults with Intellectual Disability Living in a Residential Facility: A Longitudinal Study [PreFallID]

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Salb ◽  
Carol Woodward ◽  
Jens Offenhäußer ◽  
Clemens Becker ◽  
Cornel Sieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Residential Facility ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Fall Rates ◽  
Residential Care Setting

Abstract The objective of our study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of falls in adults with intellectual disability living in a residential care setting and to define differences between fallers and non-fallers in younger and older resident groups. In contrast to the general population, falls are a problem for both aged and younger adults with intellectual disability living in a residential care setting. Falls of 147 residents, aged between 21-89 years with different grades of ID, were recorded prospectively over a 12 months period using a digital fall report form. For all participants, a total of 140 falls were reported and high fall rates per person-year were found in the younger (0.85) as well as in the older aged residents (1.06).

scholarly journals Is The ‘Rule of Tens’ a Necessary Screening Criteria in Cleft Lip Surgeries

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibadurahman Ibadurahman ◽  
Gentur Sudjatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cleft Lip Repair ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The  “rule  of  tens”  (ROT)  is still  widely  applied nowadays  in  many cleft centers worldwide for cleft lip surgery, although many surgeons do not implement it as a  standard ru Recent advances in  the field of anesthesiology  have  enhanced the  safety  of surgery for neonates. In Indonesia, ROT is still applied but is still flexible,  due  to some  pertaining  social  confiicts.  The relevance of ROT to  the  rate  of  mortality and morbidity is still unknown. This study aims to assess the need of using ROT in cleft lip surgeries.Methods: A  retrospective study  was conducted. Data  was obtained from  the  medical  records of patients who  had undergone  cleft lip repair  between  January 2004  to December  2005  in  one  day  care  setting.  All data  related  to  ROT  parameters  was  categorized  in  two  groups,  either fit  or  unfit  according  to  ROT criterias. The relationship of ROT to rate of associated morbidity and mortality was evaluated.Results: There  were  204  cases of cleft lip repair  with  age  range  of  6-week  to  12-year  old.  More  than  half (52.9%) was  unfit for ROT. There  were  twelve cases of wound dehiscence  and one  total  breakdown of the sutures, and no mortality. There were no statistically significant correlation ce between ROT and the rate of dehiscence. Conclusion: ROT is not a definitive criterion that could predict the success of cleft lip repair surgery.

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