scholarly journals Helminth Community Dynamics in Populations of Blue-Winged Teal (Anas discors) Using Two Distinct Migratory Corridors

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Garvon ◽  
Alan M. Fedynich ◽  
Markus J. Peterson ◽  
Danny B. Pence
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Intermediate Species ◽  
Anas Discors ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Migratory Corridor

The influence of spatially distinct host subpopulations on helminth community structure and pattern was examined in a migratory avian host species. Forty helminth species represented by 24,082 individuals were collected from 184 blue-winged teal (Anas discors; BWT) from 2 primary migratory corridors in Florida (eastern migratory corridor; EMC) and Louisiana and Texas (western migratory corridor; WMC). Mean species richness was greater in BWT from the WMC (x¯±S.E=10.2 ± 0.3species) than the EMC (8.6 ± 0.2). The helminth community from the WMC had higher abundances of 6 common/intermediate species. Corridor helminth communities were similar in species composition but less similar when incorporating abundances of those species. Overlapping distributions of phylogenetically related host species that share generalist helminth species across ecologically similar habitats seem to mitigate the isolating mechanisms that are necessary for the distinct coevolutionary pathways to develop between adjacent corridors.

Maximum local helminth parasite community richness in British freshwater fish: a test of the colonization time hypothesis

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Guégan ◽  
C. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Colonization Time

SUMMARYThe investigation of Price & Clancy (1983), which demonstrated a significant positive correlation between total helminth species number per host species and geographical range of freshwater fish host species in Britain, was re-examined using a different measure of parasite species richness. Re-calculation of the correlations between the two parameters after controlling for the effect of the composition of the list of fish by excluding, on biological and distributional grounds, 2 species of agnathans and 7 species of introduced teleosts, and for the effect of sampling effort by using helminth richness in the richest component community of each fish species rather than check-list data, reveals no significant relationship between helminth species richness and host range. Habitat and an omnivorous host diet now appear more significant determinants of helminth richness than the accumulation of parasites by predation. The findings provide little support for the interpretation of the relationship between helminth species richness and host range in terms of island biogeographic theory, but do support an alternative explanation in terms of the colonization time hypothesis, i.e. that helminth species richness is related to the time since the fish host arrived in Britain.

Helminth community structure and pattern in sympatric populations of black-bellied and fulvous whistling-ducks

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2219-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Fedynich ◽  
Danny B. Pence ◽  
James F. Bergan
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Duck Species ◽  
Species Population

Helminth communities of 25 black-bellied (Dendrocygna autumnalis) and 25 fulvous (Dendrocygna bicolor) whistling-ducks from south Texas varied in composition, prevalence, dominance, and abundance. Twenty-eight helminth species were found, of which 20 occurred in each host species population. Twelve species co-occurred between host populations. Black-bellied and fulvous whistling-ducks averaged 3.0 ± 0.3 (SE) and 5.0 ± 0.4 species, respectively. Fifteen common species were found, of which 8 and 11 species commonly occurred in black-bellied and fulvous whistling-ducks, respectively. Four species (Apatemon gracilis, Tanaisia bragai, Sobolevicanthus gracilis, and Epomidiostomum uncinatum) were common in both host species. Prevalences varied in 4 of 8 helminth species co-occurring in both host species; 3 helminth species had higher prevalences in fulvous whistling-ducks. Black-bellied and fulvous whistling-ducks averaged 7.8 ± 1.4 and 44.8 ± 11.9 helminth individuals, respectively. Eleven of 15 common helminth species varied in abundance between host species populations; 4 species had higher abundances in black-bellied whistling-ducks and 7 had higher abundances in fulvous whistling-ducks. Our results suggest that although these duck species are sympatric, differences in feeding behavior may be most important in determining helminth community structure and pattern.

Helminth species diversity of mammals: parasite species richness is a host species attribute

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (14) ◽  
pp. 1701-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. BORDES ◽  
S. MORAND
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Parasite Species Richness ◽  
Trade Offs

SUMMARYStudies investigating parasite diversity have shown substantial geographical variation in parasite species richness. Most of these studies have, however, adopted a local scale approach, which may have masked more general patterns. Recent studies have shown that ectoparasite species richness in mammals seems highly repeatable among populations of the same mammal host species at a regional scale. In light of these new studies we have reinvestigated the case of parasitic helminths by using a large data set of parasites from mammal populations in 3 continents. We collected homogeneous data and demonstrated that helminth species richness is highly repeatable in mammals at a regional scale. Our results highlight the strong influence of host identity in parasite species richness and call for future research linking helminth species found in a given host to its ecology, immune defences and potential energetic trade-offs.

Helminth communities of the autochthonous mustelids Mustela lutreola and M. putorius and the introduced Mustela vison in south-western France

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Torres ◽  
J. Miquel ◽  
P. Fournier ◽  
C. Fournier-Chambrillon ◽  
M. Liberge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Mustela Lutreola ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
European Mink ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Helminth Communities

AbstractThis study presents the first comprehensive helminthological data on three sympatric riparian mustelids (the European mink Mustela lutreola, the polecat M. putorius and the American mink M. vison) in south-western France. One hundred and twenty-four specimens (45 M. lutreola, 37 M. putorius and 42 M. vison) from eight French departments were analysed. Globally, 15 helminth species were detected: Troglotrema acutum, Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Euryhelmis squamula, Euparyphium melis and Ascocotyle sp. (Trematoda), Taenia tenuicollis (Cestoda), Eucoleus aerophilus, Pearsonema plica, Aonchotheca putorii, Strongyloides mustelorum, Molineus patens, Crenosoma melesi, Filaroides martis and Skrjabingylus nasicola (Nematoda) and larval stages of Centrorhynchus species (Acanthocephala). The autochthonous European mink harboured the highest species richness (13 species) followed by the polecat with 11 species. The introduced American mink presented the most depauperate helminth community (nine species). The prevalence and worm burden of most of the helminths found in M. putorius and M. lutreola were also higher than those of M. vison. Some characteristics of their helminth communities were compared to relatively nearby populations (Spain) and other very distant populations (Belarus). This comparison emphasized M. patens as the most frequent parasite in all of the analysed mustelid populations. It was possible to conclude that the invasive M. vison contributes to the maintenance of the life cycle of the pathogenic T. acutum and S. nasicola helminths, with possible implications for the conservation of the endangered European mink.

Helminth communities of four commercially important fish species from Chetumal Bay, Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Aguirre-Macedo ◽  
V.M. Vidal-Martínez ◽  
D. González-Solís ◽  
P.I. Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Host Habitat

AbstractThe relative importance of ecology and evolution as factors determining species richness and composition of the helminth communities of fish is a matter of current debate. Theoretical studies use host–parasite lists, but these do not include studies on a temporal or spatial scale. Local environmental conditions and host biological characteristics are shown to influence helminth species richness and composition in four fish species (Eugerres plumieri, Hexanematichthys assimilis, Oligoplites saurus, and Scomberomorus maculatus) in Chetumal Bay, Mexico. With the exception of H. assimilis, the helminth communities had not been previously studied and possible associations between environmental and host biological characteristics as factors determining helminth species richness and composition using redundancy analysis (RDA) are described. Thirty-four helminth species are identified, with the highest number of species (19 total (mean = 6.3 ± 2.1)) and the lowest (9 (4.0 ± 1.0)) occurring in H. assimilis and S. maculatus, respectively. The larval nematodes Contracaecum sp. and Pseudoterranova sp. were not only the helminth species shared by all four host species but also were the most prevalent and abundant. Statistical associations between helminth community parameters and local ecological variables such as host habitat use, feeding habits, mobility, and time of residence in coastal lagoons are identified. Phylogeny is important because it clearly separates all four host species by their specialist parasites, although specific habitat and feeding habits also significantly influence the differentiation between the four fish species.

The helminth community of the wood mouseApodemus sylvaticusfrom the Erro River valley, Navarre, Spain

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Debenedetti ◽  
S. Sainz-Elipe ◽  
S. Sáez-Durán ◽  
D. Galicia ◽  
A. Imaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Wood Mouse ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Calodium Hepaticum ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe helminth fauna of the wood mouse,Apodemus sylvaticus, in the Erro River valley (Navarre, Spain) was investigated from a total of 150 mice between February 2001 and July 2002. An overall prevalence of 90.7% was recorded and up to 14 helminth species identified. The most prevalent species was the nematodeHeligmosomoidespolygyrus(78.0%), whereasSyphacia stromawas the species with the highest median abundance (19.8). The detection ofCalodium hepaticum,Rodentolepis stramineaand the larvae ofHydatigera taeniaeformisare significant, since these helminth species could be considered potential human parasites. The helminth infracommunity comprised no more than five species. A significant predominance of monoxenous species was detected. Statistically significant differences were also found between prevalences, helminth abundance, species richness and helminth diversity of sub-populations of the wood mouse determined by host age and season of capture, which agree with most of the studies carried out on this host. This study will shed light on the helminth community of the wood mouse from a region of Spain which has not previously been documented.

Ecological study of the wood mouse helminth community in a burned Mediterranean ecosystem in regeneration five years after a wildfire

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Màrius Fuentes ◽  
Sandra Sainz-Elipe ◽  
M. Galán-Puchades
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Wood Mouse ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Biological Tags

AbstractParasites are used as biological tags in environmental impact studies. However, terrestrial systems in general and small mammals in particular are rarely considered in these ecological studies. Based on the effects of a wildfire which occurred in the Spanish Serra Calderona Natural Park — a typical Mediterranean ecosystem — the regeneration process of the wood mouse population and its helminth community is analysed. A total of 217 individuals of Apodemus sylvaticus were studied in a five year period, from the second to the fifth post-fire year: 152 mice originating from the burned area and 65 from the control — non-burned — area. The helminth community for both burned and non-burned areas as well as the effect of intrinsic (host age and sex) and extrinsic (site, period and season of capture) factors on helminth prevalences and abundances were analysed. Taking into account the most important results of this study, various aspects of the helminth community dynamics of the wood mouse are postulated as biological tags of the environmental impact of a wildfire, such as the changes in the frequency distribution of the helminth species, the higher diversity in the burned area, and the prevalences of helminth species having biological cycles directly affected by climatic conditions and the vegetal regeneration process. Consequently, the helminth species of A. sylvaticus should be considered suitable biological tags of environmental perturbations, such as a wildfire, and the wood mouse/helminth model can be applied to predict the consequences for helminth species in general.

scholarly journals Links between mouse and vole social networks and their gut microbiomes support predictions from metacommunity theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël W. Jameson ◽  
Steven W. Kembel ◽  
Denis Réale
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Social Proximity ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Bacterial Transmission

ABSTRACTMetacommunity theory predicts that strongly connected individuals will harbour similar gut microbiomes (GMs) and affiliating with more individuals should increase GM diversity. Additionally, cross-species bacterial transmission may play a role in how interspecific interactions affect host community dynamics. We tracked sympatric mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and voles (Myodes gapperi) and constructed social networks for each species and both species together. We tested whether: 1) similarity in GM composition between individuals correlates with their social proximity within and across species; 2) GM diversity correlates with a host’s number of conspecific or heterospecific neighbours. We could not differentiate associations between GM composition and mouse social proximity or habitat. In voles, social proximity explained part of the GM composition. GM composition associated with interspecific social proximity, and mouse GM diversity correlated with number of vole neighbours. Contributions of host-host bacterial transmission to the GM partly follow metacommunity theory but depend on host species.

scholarly journals Do syntopic host species harbour similar symbiotic communities? The case ofChaetopterusspp. (Annelida: Chaetopteridae)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temir A. Britayev ◽  
Elena Mekhova ◽  
Yury Deart ◽  
Daniel Martin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Symbiotic Community

To assess whether closely related host species harbour similar symbiotic communities, we studied two polychaetes,Chaetopterussp. (n = 11) andChaetopteruscf.appendiculatus(n = 83) living in soft sediments of Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea, Vietnam). The former harboured the porcellanid crabsPolyonyxcf.heokandPolyonyxsp., the pinnotherid crabTetriassp. and the tergipedid nudibranchPhestillasp. The latter harboured the polynoid polychaeteOphthalmonoe pettiboneae, the carapid fishOnuxodon fowleriand the porcellanid crabEulenaios cometes, all of which, exceptO. fowleri, seemed to be specialized symbionts. The species richness and mean intensity of the symbionts were higher inChaetopterussp. than inC.cf.appendiculatus(1.8 and 1.02 species and 3.0 and 1.05 individuals per host respectively). We suggest that the lower density ofChaetopterussp. may explain the higher number of associated symbionts observed, as well as the 100% prevalence (69.5% inC.cf.appenciculatus). MostChaetopterussp. harboured two symbiotic species, which was extremely rare inC.cf.appendiculatus, suggesting lower interspecific interactions in the former. The crab and nudibranch symbionts ofChaetopterussp. often shared a host and lived in pairs, thus partitioning resources. This led to the species coexisting in the tubes ofChaetopterussp., establishing a tightly packed community, indicating high species richness and mean intensity, together with a low species dominance. In contrast, the aggressive, strictly territorial species associated withC.cf.appendiculatusestablished a symbiotic community strongly dominated by single species and, thus, low species richness and mean intensity. Therefore, we suggest that interspecific interactions are determining species richness, intensity and dominance, while intraspecific interactions are influencing only intensity and abundance. It is possible that species composition may have influenced the differences in community structure observed. We hypothesize that both host species could originally be allopatric. The evolutionary specialization of the symbiotic communities would occur in separated geographical areas, while the posterior disappearance of the existing geographical barriers would lead to the overlapped distribution.

scholarly journals Integrating Spatiotemporal Epidemiology, Eco-Phylogenetics, and Distributional Ecology to Assess West Nile Disease Risk in Horses

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1811
Author(s):  
John M. Humphreys ◽  
Angela M. Pelzel-McCluskey ◽  
Lee W. Cohnstaedt ◽  
Bethany L. McGregor ◽  
Kathryn A. Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Vaccination Programs

Mosquito-borne West Nile virus (WNV) is the causative agent of West Nile disease in humans, horses, and some bird species. Since the initial introduction of WNV to the United States (US), approximately 30,000 horses have been impacted by West Nile neurologic disease and hundreds of additional horses are infected each year. Research describing the drivers of West Nile disease in horses is greatly needed to better anticipate the spatial and temporal extent of disease risk, improve disease surveillance, and alleviate future economic impacts to the equine industry and private horse owners. To help meet this need, we integrated techniques from spatiotemporal epidemiology, eco-phylogenetics, and distributional ecology to assess West Nile disease risk in horses throughout the contiguous US. Our integrated approach considered horse abundance and virus exposure, vector and host distributions, and a variety of extrinsic climatic, socio-economic, and environmental risk factors. Birds are WNV reservoir hosts, and therefore we quantified avian host community dynamics across the continental US to show intra-annual variability in host phylogenetic structure and demonstrate host phylodiversity as a mechanism for virus amplification in time and virus dilution in space. We identified drought as a potential amplifier of virus transmission and demonstrated the importance of accounting for spatial non-stationarity when quantifying interaction between disease risk and meteorological influences such as temperature and precipitation. Our results delineated the timing and location of several areas at high risk of West Nile disease and can be used to prioritize vaccination programs and optimize virus surveillance and monitoring.

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