scholarly journals Effects onGlomus mosseaeRoot Colonization byPaenibacillus polymyxaandPaenibacillus brasilensisStrains as Related to Soil P-Availability in Winter Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Arthurson ◽  
Karin Hjort ◽  
Diriba Muleta ◽  
Lotta Jäderlund ◽  
Ulf Granhall
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Total Plant

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effects of inoculating winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) of the genusPaenibacillusunder phosphate P-limited soil conditions in the presence or absence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)Glomus mosseae. FourP. polymyxastrains and oneP. brasilensisstrain were compared at two cell concentrations (106and 108 cells g−1seeds) of inoculation, and surface sterilized AMF spores were added to pots. Mycorrhizal root colonization, plant growth, and plant uptake of phosphorus were analyzed. Bacterial phosphate solubilization was examined separatelyin vitro. MostP. polymyxastrains, isolated from wheat, had dramatic effectsper seon root growth and root P-content. No treatment gave significant effect on shoot growth. AMF root colonization levels and total plant uptake of P were much stimulated by the addition of mostP. polymyxastrains. The AM fungus alone and theP. brasilensis, alone or in combination with the fungus, did not affect total plant P-levels. Our results indicate that practical application of inoculation with plant host-specific rhizobacteria (i.e.,P. polymyxa) could positively influence uptake of phosphorus in P-deficient soils by wheat plants, provided that suitable AM fungi (e.g.,G. mosseae) are present.

scholarly journals A prospectus of plant growth promoting endophytic bacterium from orchid (Vanda cristata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Shah ◽  
Krishna Chand ◽  
Bhagwan Rekadwad ◽  
Yogesh S. Shouche ◽  
Jyotsna Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Background A plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterium PVL1 isolated from the leaf of Vanda cristata has the ability to colonize with roots of plants and protect the plant. PVL1 was isolated using laboratory synthetic media. 16S rRNA gene sequencing method has been employed for identification before and after root colonization ability. Results Original isolated and remunerated strain from colonized roots were identified as Bacillus spp. as per EzBiocloud database. The presence of bacteria in the root section of the plantlet was confirmed through Epifluorescence microscopy of colonized roots. The in-vitro plantlet colonized by PVL1 as well as DLMB attained higher growth than the control. PVL1 capable of producing plant beneficial phytohormone under in vitro cultivation. HPLC and GC-MS analysis suggest that colonized plants contain Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). The methanol extract of Bacillus spp., contains 0.015 μg in 1 μl concentration of IAA. PVL1 has the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds such as ethyl iso-allocholate, which exhibits immune restoring property. One-way ANOVA shows that results were statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05 level. Conclusions Hence, it has been concluded that Bacillus spp. PVL1 can promote plant growth through secretion of IAA during root colonization and ethyl iso-allocholate to protect plants from foreign infections. Thus, this study supports to support Koch’s postulates of bacteria establishment.

scholarly journals A simple high efficiency and low cost in vitro growth system for phenotypic characterization and seed propagation of Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Pasternak ◽  
Benedetto Ruperti ◽  
Klaus Palme
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

ABSTRACTBackgroundArabidopsis research relies extensively on the use of in vitro growth for phenotypic analysis of the seedlings and characterization of plant responses to intrinsic and extrinsic cues. For this purpose, stress-free optimal growth conditions should be set up and used as a reference especially in studies aimed at characterizing the plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Currently used standard in vitro protocols for growth and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana plants often suffer from sub-optimal composition due to an excessively high nutritional content which represents a stress per se and an experimental bias.ResultsWe describe a simple protocol for in vitro growth of Arabidopsis plants in which the phenotypic analysis is based on an optimized and nutritionally balanced culture medium. We show that the protocol is robustly applicable for growth of several Arabidopsis mutants, including mutants lacking the root system. This protocol enables rapid high scale seed production in vitro avoiding soil usage while saving space and time. The optimized in vitro protocol aims at: 1) making in vitro growth as close as possible to natural soil conditions by optimizing nutrient balance in the medium; 2) simplifying phenotypic and molecular investigation of individual plants by standardizing all steps of plant growth; 3) enabling seeds formation also in genotypes with severe defect in the root system; 4) minimizing the amount of waste and space for plant growth by avoiding soil usage.ConclusionsHere we report an optimized protocol for optimal growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants to avoid biases in phenotypic observation of abiotic/biotic stress experiments. The protocol also enables the completion of the whole life cycle in vitro within 40-45 days and a satisfactory seed set for further propagation with no need for facilities for plant growth in soil and seed sterilisation.

scholarly journals Selected Rhizosphere Bacteria Help Tomato Plants Cope with Combined Phosphorus and Salt Stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1844
Author(s):  
Gylaine Vanissa Tchuisseu Tchakounté ◽  
Beatrice Berger ◽  
Sascha Patz ◽  
Matthias Becker ◽  
Henri Fankem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Plants are often challenged by multiple abiotic stresses simultaneously. The inoculation of beneficial bacteria is known to enhance plant growth under these stresses, such as phosphorus starvation or salt stress. Here, for the first time, we assessed the efficiency of selected beneficial bacterial strains in improving tomato plant growth to better cope with double stresses in salty and P-deficient soil conditions. Six strains of Arthrobacter and Bacillus with different reservoirs of plant growth-promoting traits were tested in vitro for their abilities to tolerate 2–16% (w/v) NaCl concentrations, and shown to retain their motility and phosphate-solubilizing capacity under salt stress conditions. Whether these selected bacteria promote tomato plant growth under combined P and salt stresses was investigated in greenhouse experiments. Bacterial isolates from Cameroonian soils mobilized P from different phosphate sources in shaking culture under both non-saline and saline conditions. They also enhanced plant growth in P-deficient and salt-affected soils by 47–115%, and their PGP effect was even increased in higher salt stress conditions. The results provide valuable information for prospective production of effective bio-fertilizers based on the combined application of local rock phosphate and halotolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. This constitutes a promising strategy to improve plant growth in P-deficient and salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Response ofPinus patulaandP. maximinoiSeedlings at Nursery to Three Types of Ectomycorrhizal Inocula

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel F. Restrepo-Llano ◽  
Nelson W. Osorio-Vega ◽  
Juan D. León-Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
P Content ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization

The objective of this study was to assess the response in seedling growth, root colonization, and P content of seedlings ofPinus maximinoiandP. patulato the inoculation with three types of ectomycorrhizal inocula with three doses (17.5, 35, and 70 kg·m−3) in nursery. The first inoculum was soil from aPinusplantations that contained three ectomycorrhizal fungi (Amanita muscaria, Amanitasp.,andSuillus luteus); the second was a crude inoculum composed by root fragments ofPinusseedlings colonized byS. luteussuspended in a sterile matrix soil-sand; the third inoculum was a mixture of two ectomycorrhizal fungiA. muscariaandS. luteusproduced underin vitroconditions in the potato-dextrose-agar medium. The results showed that the inoculum producedin vitrowas most effective to promote plant growth and ectomycorrhizal colonization of roots in both plant species. Also, the effects on seedlings were significantly higher with the increase of the doses. InP. patulathere were not significant effects on foliar P content with type and dose of inocula, whereas inP. maximinoithere were interactive effects of both factors. In this case, better results were obtained with the inoculum produced underin vitroconditions and with the highest dose.

Suitability of Glomus intraradices in vitro produced spores and root segment inoculum for the establishment of a mycorrhizosphere in an experimental microcosm

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 879-885
Author(s):  
M Filion ◽  
M St-Arnaud ◽  
C Guillon ◽  
C Hamel ◽  
S H Jabaji-Hare
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Segment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Time Course Study

Various experimental systems have been developed to study the mycorrhizosphere. In this study, a microcosm experimental system was constructed and optimized to simulate the environments of the mycorrhizosphere: the rhizosphere, the mycosphere, and the bulk soil, using beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as host plants. We investigated, in a time-course study, the effect of axenically in vitro produced spore inoculum and root segment inoculum of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, on extraradical mycelium development, rapidity of mycorrhizal colonization, and plant growth under nonsterile soil conditions. Three concentrations of in vitro produced spores and three concentrations of root segment inoculum produced from open pot cultures were used. The two highest concentrations of spores used as inoculum resulted in faster and more abundant colonization than when root segments were used. A significant correlation was obtained between hyphal densities present in the rhizosphere and mycosphere compartments, and the amount of spore inoculum used. The densities of roots in the rhizosphere compartment and hyphae in the rhizosphere and mycosphere compartments were comparable with field-grown plants; thus, the system realistically mimics a natural mycorrhizosphere. The use of the microcosm described in this study, in combination with the in vitro produced spore inoculum of G. intraradices, represents an experimental approach well adapted for studying the microbial ecology of the mycorrhizosphere.Key words: AMF, microbial ecology, inoculum, mycorrhiza, mycorrhizosphere.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for winter wheat

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Renato de Freitas ◽  
James J. Germida
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Pseudomonas Cepacia ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The association of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norstar) with root-colonizing bacteria (rhizobacteria) was studied in potted soil experiments in the growth chamber. Thirty-six known bacteria, some of which have been reported to stimulate plant growth, and 75 isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of winter wheat were tested for their effects on plant growth and development in two different soils. Two known bacteria and 12 isolates stimulated growth of winter wheat. Of these, the most effective were nine isolates that significantly (P < 0.01) increased plant height, root and shoot biomass, and number of tillers. The plant growth promoting effects of isolates were different in the two soils. Three of these strains were tentatively classified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two each as Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas putida. Some isolates induced significant increases in seedling emergence rates and (or) demonstrated antagonism in vitro against Rhizoctonia solani and Leptosphaeria maculans. These results demonstrate the potential use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as inoculants for winter wheat. Key words: pseudomonads, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, winter wheat, rhizosphere, bacterial inoculants.

scholarly journals Survey of plant growth promoting and antagonistic traits in winter wheat grain endophytic bacteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Alina Pastoshchuk ◽  
Yuliia Yumyna ◽  
Pavlyna Zelena ◽  
Larysa Skivka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Traits

The aim of this work was to isolate endophytic bacteria from wheat grains and to evaluate their plant growth promoting traits (PGPT) as well as an inhibitory effect on P. syringae pv. atrofaciens (McCulloch) growth. Endophytic bacteria were isolated by a culture-dependent protocol from the grains of winter wheat variety of Ukrainian selection Podolyanka with high resistance to syringae. Totally 2.7±0.09 CFU/1 g of dry wheat grain were isolated, ten cultivable bacterial isolates were obtained. Spore-forming bacilli predominated in the wheat grain endophytic community. Gram-negative fermenting and non-fermenting rod-shaped bacteria and Gram-positive cocci were also present. Seven out of ten isolates possessed numerous plant growth promoting traits including phosphate solubilization, oligonitrotrophy, and indolic compound producing. Two isolates possessed antagoniscic activity against syringae in vitro along with plant growth promoting features. According to biochemical profiling and mass-spectrophotometric identification, these two isolates were assigned to Paenibacillus and Brevibacillus genera. These endophytic bacteria can be considered as promising objects for agrobiotechnology. However, more research is needed to confirm their biotechnological potential in planta experiments

scholarly journals Towards the Biological Control of Devastating Forest Pathogens from the Genus Armillaria

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiong Chen ◽  
Bettina Bóka ◽  
Orsolya Kedves ◽  
Viktor Dávid Nagy ◽  
Attila Szűcs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates ◽  
Armillaria Species ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Research Highlights: A large scale effort to screen, characterize, and select Trichoderma strains with the potential to antagonize Armillaria species revealed promising candidates for field applications. Background and Objectives: Armillaria species are among the economically most relevant soilborne tree pathogens causing devastating root diseases worldwide. Biocontrol agents are environment-friendly alternatives to chemicals in restraining the spread of Armillaria in forest soils. Trichoderma species may efficiently employ diverse antagonistic mechanisms against fungal plant pathogens. The aim of this paper is to isolate indigenous Trichoderma strains from healthy and Armillaria-damaged forests, characterize them, screen their biocontrol properties, and test selected strains under field conditions. Materials and Methods: Armillaria and Trichoderma isolates were collected from soil samples of a damaged Hungarian oak and healthy Austrian spruce forests and identified to the species level. In vitro antagonism experiments were performed to determine the potential of the Trichoderma isolates to control Armillaria species. Selected biocontrol candidates were screened for extracellular enzyme production and plant growth-promoting traits. A field experiment was carried out by applying two selected Trichoderma strains on two-year-old European Turkey oak seedlings planted in a forest area heavily overtaken by the rhizomorphs of numerous Armillaria colonies. Results: Although A. cepistipes and A. ostoyae were found in the Austrian spruce forests, A. mellea and A. gallica clones dominated the Hungarian oak stand. A total of 64 Trichoderma isolates belonging to 14 species were recovered. Several Trichoderma strains exhibited in vitro antagonistic abilities towards Armillaria species and produced siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid. Oak seedlings treated with T. virens and T. atrobrunneum displayed better survival under harsh soil conditions than the untreated controls. Conclusions: Selected native Trichoderma strains, associated with Armillaria rhizomorphs, which may also have plant growth promoting properties, are potential antagonists of Armillaria spp., and such abilities can be exploited in the biological control of Armillaria root rot.

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