scholarly journals De Novo Collapsing Glomerulopathy: An Unusual Cause of Early Graft Failure following Kidney Transplantation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalathil K. Sureshkumar ◽  
Imran Dosani ◽  
Katherine M. Jasnosz ◽  
Swati Arora

Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) characterized histologically by prominent glomerular capillary tuft collapse with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of podocytes and tubulointerstitial damage. Patients usually present with heavy proteinuria and rapidly progressive renal failure. We report a patient who developed de novo CG with severe clinical manifestations including worsening renal failure and nephrotic syndrome within six months of receiving deceased donor kidney transplant. Secondary work-up was negative, and despite therapy with high-dose steroids and plasmapheresis, allograft function rapidly deteriorated with the need for dialysis. Theories about the pathogenesis of this entity as well as treatment modalities are discussed.

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 548-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Lupo-Stanghellini ◽  
Chiara Bonini ◽  
Giacomo Oliveira ◽  
Attilio Bondanza ◽  
Luca Vago ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Extensive application of haploidentical SCT (haplo-SCT) is limited by high rate of late transplant mortality and relapse incidence associated with the delayed immune-reconstitution (IR) secondary to the procedures for severe graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) prevention and treatment. In the past 20 years we deeply investigate the application of the paradigmatic herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) suicide gene strategy to allow the selective elimination of genetically modified donor T cells during GvHD, while sparing IR with effective graft-versus-leukemia and graft-versus-infectious effects. Aim of the study Here we report the incidence, characterization, stratification, treatment and outcome for both acute (a-) and chronic (c-) GvHD in haplo-SCT after TK-cells infusion. Methods We included for analysis 57 adult patients (pts, median age 53 years – r 17-66) who underwent an haplo-SCT according to TK-trial (Ciceri, Bonini et al, Lancet Oncol 2009; Phase III TK008, NCT0091462), between 2002 and 2014 at our Center. Data were collected from our Institutional database. A written consent was given by pts allowing the use of medical records for research in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All consecutive pts receiving graft after selection of peripheral CD34+ cells - CliniMacs one-step procedure - were selected. No immune-suppression was introduced after SCT as GvHD prophylaxis. In vivo T-cell depletion with ATG (Fresenius) was administered in all pts. Donor lymphocytes genetically engineered to express the TK gene were infused in 34/57 pts (median 2 infusion/pts), 25/34 achieved IR (median time from SCT 84 days – r 18/182; median time from last TK-cells infusion 27 days – r 13/42). Results Twelve of 25 immune-reconstituted pts developed a-GvHD (grade I–IV; median time of onset 84 days post SCT – r 20/162; 19 days post last TK-infusion – r 8/54) and one developed c-GVHD. Direct association of TK-cells and GvHD was confirmed by vector-encoded protein immunostaining of lymphocytes infiltrating affected lesions. Eleven pts needed GvHD treatment: 4 pts received ganciclovir iv (GCV 5 mg/Kg/12h/14 days), 7 pts valganciclovir per os (VGCV 900 mg/12h/14 days). Both GCV and VGCV were effective in control clinical manifestations of GvHD in a median of 14 days (see figures 1. and 2.) and resulted in a significant reduction in numbers of circulating TK-cells, without reduction of CD3+ TK-negative lymphocytes maintaining long-term IR (see table). In 5 pts additional concomitant treatment with low-dose steroid (prednisone <0.5mg/kg per day for a median of 2 weeks) was given. A pt who presented severe gut and liver GvHD and one who received at SCT an high dose of unmanipulated lymphocytes (5.4x105/Kg) – were successfully treated with a combined therapy of prednisone and cyclosporine or rapamicine in association with GCV. Patient TK44 developed a severe classic de novo c-GVHD, with sclerodermatous lichenoid skin and mouth features plus moderate dry-eye symptoms that was successfully treated with VGCV and a transient course of mycophenolate mofetil (2 g per day) over a 2 months period. No cases of quiescent or progressive c-GvHD was observed after a median follow-up of 679 days (r 139/4035). Conclusion In our 12-years experience we can confirm that infusion of TK-cells is effective in accelerating IR while controlling GvHD, providing a long-term immunosuppressive therapy free survival in absence of GvHD related deaths or long-term complications. Abstract 548 Despite a consistent reduction in TK-cell numbers, the GCV/VGCV treatment of GVHD did not impair or prevent long-term IR. TK-cells infused / Kg x107 Time from SCT to GvHD (days) Time from last TK-cells to GvHD (days) Description (acute – chronic, grade) Before GCV/VGCV After GCV/VGCV GvHD outcome ,days after 1st dose of GCV/VGCV TK+ cells/mcl TK-cells/mcl % of TK+,tot CD3+cells TK+ cells/mcl TK-cells/mcl % of TK+, tot CD3+cells TK5 1 91 15 A II 36 248 12.7 7 378 1.8 CR 21 TK6 1 98 51 A I 213 270 44.1 / / / CR NA TK8 10 20 17 A IV 207 224 57.9 24 36 40.2 CR 20 TK16 2.2 20 8 A II 90 99 47.6 25 69 26.6 CR 4 TK20 2.4 30 28 A II 22 139 13.7 13 129 9.2 CR 29 TK25 0.4 162 14 A II 23 123 16 13 184 6.8 CR 7 TK38 1 110 54 A III 99 436 15.6 15 503 2.0 CR 10 TK44 1 159 146 C severe 12 399 2.9 0 303 0 CR 84 TK47 1 90 19 A II 351 422 45.4 34 222 13.3 CR 3 TK50 1 66 41 A II 355 238 59.9 26 88 22.8 CR 18 TK1007A 1.2 117 30 A I 20 146 12 / / / CR NA TK1011A 1.06 78 20 A II 11 97 11.3 7 131 5 CR 90 TK1014A 0.96 15 10 A II 11 41 26.8 2 85 2.3 CR 8 Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures Bonini: MolMed S.p.A.: Consultancy. Colombi:MolMed: Employment. Lambiase:MolMed S.p.A: Employment. Bordignon:MolMed: Employment.


Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Valentina Binda ◽  
Evaldo Favi ◽  
Marta Calatroni ◽  
Gabriella Moroni

Due to complex comorbidity, high infectious complication rates, an elevated risk of relapsing for primary renal disease, as well as inferior recipient and allograft survivals, individuals with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAVs) are often considered as poor transplant candidates. Although several aspects of recurrent and de novo AAVs remain unclear, recent evidence suggests that kidney transplantation (KT) represents the best option, which is also the case for this particular subgroup of patients. Special counselling and individualized approaches are strongly recommended at the time of enlistment and during the entire post-transplant follow-up. Current strategies include avoiding transplantation within one year of complete clinical remission and thoroughly assessing the recipient for early signs of renal or systemic vasculitis. The main clinical manifestations of allograft AAV are impaired kidney function, proteinuria, and hematuria with ANCA positivity in most cases. Mixed results have been obtained using high-dose steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, or cyclophosphamide. The aim of the present review was to summarize the available literature on AAVs in KT, particularly focusing on de novo pauci-immune glomerulonephritis.


2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Gómez Dumm ◽  
Giammona ◽  
Touceda

Dyslipidemia and increases in plasma homocysteine usually occur at end-stage renal disease; both are recognized as risk factors for atherosclerosis. Folate administration reduces homocysteine concentration. In this study we determined the effect of a high dose of folic acid (40 mg intravenous injection three times a week) on plasma and red blood cell lipid profiles in twelve chronic renal failure patients on regular hemodialysis. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study (baseline) and after 21, 42, and 64 days of treatment. Folic acid supplementation decreased plasma homocysteine. Plasma triglyceride levels decreased whereas polyunsaturated fatty acid values increased after 21 days; then they returned to baseline levels at the end of treatment. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were higher than those of the baseline during all the study, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was reduced. In erythrocyte membranes, folic acid therapy enhanced cholesterol/phospholipid ratios and the fluorescence anisotropy of diphenyl-hexatriene. We conclude that large doses of folic acid produce a favorable effect, reducing plasma homocysteine levels and protecting patients from atherosclerosis. However, as this therapy induces significant alterations in both plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid profiles, plasma lipid values should be controlled throughout the treatment of patients with renal failure.


Author(s):  
А.Р. Зарипова ◽  
Л.Р. Нургалиева ◽  
А.В. Тюрин ◽  
И.Р. Минниахметов ◽  
Р.И. Хусаинова

Проведено исследование гена интерферон индуцированного трансмембранного белка 5 (IFITM5) у 99 пациентов с несовершенным остеогенезом (НО) из 86 неродственных семей. НО - клинически и генетически гетерогенное наследственное заболевание соединительной ткани, основное клиническое проявление которого - множественные переломы, начиная с неонатального периода жизни, зачастую приводящие к инвалидизации с детского возраста. К основным клиническим признакам НО относятся голубые склеры, потеря слуха, аномалия дентина, повышенная ломкость костей, нарушения роста и осанки с развитием характерных инвалидизирующих деформаций костей и сопутствующих проблем, включающих дыхательные, неврологические, сердечные, почечные нарушения. НО встречается как у мужчин, так и у женщин. До сих пор не определена степень генетической гетерогенности заболевания. На сегодняшний день известно 20 генов, вовлеченных в патогенез НО, и исследователи разных стран продолжают искать новые гены. В последнее десятилетие стало известно, что аутосомно-рецессивные, аутосомно-доминантные и Х-сцепленные мутации в широком спектре генов, кодирующих белки, которые участвуют в синтезе коллагена I типа, его процессинге, секреции и посттрансляционной модификации, а также в белках, которые регулируют дифференцировку и активность костеобразующих клеток, вызывают НО. Мутации в гене IFITM5, также называемом BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), участвующем в формировании остеобластов, приводят к развитию НО типа V. До 5% пациентов имеют НО типа V, который характеризуется образованием гиперпластического каллуса после переломов, кальцификацией межкостной мембраны предплечья и сетчатым рисунком ламелирования, наблюдаемого при гистологическом исследовании кости. В 2012 г. гетерозиготная мутация (c.-14C> T) в 5’-нетранслируемой области (UTR) гена IFITM5 была идентифицирована как основная причина НО V типа. В представленной работе проведен анализ гена IFITM5 и идентифицирована мутация c.-14C>T, возникшая de novo, у одного пациента с НО, которому впоследствии был установлен V тип заболевания. Также выявлены три известных полиморфных варианта: rs57285449; c.80G>C (p.Gly27Ala) и rs2293745; c.187-45C>T и rs755971385 c.279G>A (p.Thr93=) и один ранее не описанный вариант: c.128G>A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC>AAC (S/D), которые не являются патогенными. В статье уделяется внимание особенностям клинических проявлений НО V типа и рекомендуется определение мутации c.-14C>T в гене IFITM5 при подозрении на данную форму заболевания. A study was made of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 gene (IFITM5) in 99 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) from 86 unrelated families and a search for pathogenic gene variants involved in the formation of the disease phenotype. OI is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous hereditary disease of the connective tissue, the main clinical manifestation of which is multiple fractures, starting from the natal period of life, often leading to disability from childhood. The main clinical signs of OI include blue sclera, hearing loss, anomaly of dentin, increased fragility of bones, impaired growth and posture, with the development of characteristic disabling bone deformities and associated problems, including respiratory, neurological, cardiac, and renal disorders. OI occurs in both men and women. The degree of genetic heterogeneity of the disease has not yet been determined. To date, 20 genes are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of OI, and researchers from different countries continue to search for new genes. In the last decade, it has become known that autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and X-linked mutations in a wide range of genes encoding proteins that are involved in the synthesis of type I collagen, its processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells cause OI. Mutations in the IFITM5 gene, also called BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), involved in the formation of osteoblasts, lead to the development of OI type V. Up to 5% of patients have OI type V, which is characterized by the formation of a hyperplastic callus after fractures, calcification of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, and a mesh lamellar pattern observed during histological examination of the bone. In 2012, a heterozygous mutation (c.-14C> T) in the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of the IFITM5 gene was identified as the main cause of OI type V. In the present work, the IFITM5 gene was analyzed and the de novo c.-14C> T mutation was identified in one patient with OI who was subsequently diagnosed with type V of the disease. Three known polymorphic variants were also identified: rs57285449; c.80G> C (p.Gly27Ala) and rs2293745; c.187-45C> T and rs755971385 c.279G> A (p.Thr93 =) and one previously undescribed variant: c.128G> A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC> AAC (S / D), which were not pathogenic. The article focuses on the features of the clinical manifestations of OI type V, and it is recommended to determine the c.-14C> T mutation in the IFITM5 gene if this form of the disease is suspected.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander K. C. Leung ◽  
Joseph M. Lam ◽  
Kin Fon Leong ◽  
Kam Lun Hon

Background: Vitiligo is a relatively common acquired pigmentation disorder that can cause significant psychological stress and stigmatism. Objective: This article aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of vitiligo. Methods: A Pubmed search was conducted in Clinical Queries using the key term "vitiligo". The search included metaanalyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to the English literature. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. Results: Approximately one quarter of patients with vitiligo have the onset before 10 years of age. Genetic, immunological, neurogenic and environmental factors may have a role to play in the pathogenesis. Vitiligo typically presents as acquired depigmented, well-demarcated macules/patches that appear milk- or chalk-white in color. Lesions tend to increase in number and enlarge centrifugally in size with time. Sites of predilection include the face, followed by the neck, lower limbs, trunk, and upper limbs. The clinical course is generally unpredictable. In children with fair skin, no active treatment is usually necessary other than the use of sunscreens and camouflage cosmetics. If treatment is preferred for cosmesis, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy are the mainstays of treatment. Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of all the treatment modalities varies considerably from individual to individual. As such, treatment must be individualized. In general, the best treatment response is seen in younger patients, recent disease onset, darker skin types, and head and neck lesions. Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors are the treatment of choice for those with localized disease. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are generally preferred for lesions on genitalia, intertriginous areas, face, and neck. Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy should be considered in patients who have widespread vitiligo or those with localized vitiligo associated with a significant impact on the quality of life who do not respond to treatment with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors.


MicroRNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysanthos D. Christou ◽  
Georgios Tsoulfas

Introduction: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries are caused by complex interrelated mechanisms and pathways. Regarding the liver, I/R injuries and their clinical manifestations are crucial for the surgical outcome. Despite its importance, there is no broadly accepted therapy either for the prevention or for the management of I/R injury. I/R injury of the liver can occur either during hepatic surgery (warm) or during the transplantation procedure (cold). MicroRNAs play a pivotal role in the mechanism of I/R injury, as they regulate the expression of the cellular participants and humoral factors associated with I/R injury. Objective: In this review, we highlight the microRNAs that are involved in the I/R injury of the liver, and the molecular pathways that they regulate. In addition, we discuss the potential role of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers and their role as pharmacological targets in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of I/R injuries. Method: We conducted a comprehensive review of the PubMed bibliographic database regarding microRNAs and I/R injuries of the liver. Results: In diagnostics, microRNA panels could replace invasive diagnostic procedures, relieving patients of the associated complications. In therapeutics, microRNA agomirs, antagomirs and other drugs can be used to shift the balance between proapoptotic and survival pathways, to alleviate the liver damage caused by I/R. In transplantation procedures, microRNA profiling could decrease the incidence of early graft dysfunction, especially regarding marginal grafts. Conclusion: Although microRNAs seem a very promising clinical tool in the management of I/R injuries, further research is required, until microRNAs become a novel tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of an I/R injury of the liver.


1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Aline Dos Santos ◽  
Ana Caroline Balducci Scafi ◽  
Luciene Azevedo Morais ◽  
Pablo Girardelli Mendonça Mesquita

RESUMOIntrodução: A Granulomatose de Wegener (GW) é uma vasculite rara e idiopática associada à presença do anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilo (ANCA) que acomete, preferencialmente, os pequenos vasos. As manifestações clínicas são diversas, ocorrendo em mais de 90% dos casos, sintomas do trato respiratório. O comprometimento renal é tardio e preditor de mau prognóstico.  Sua morbidade a médio e longo prazo inclui insuficiência renal crônica. A probabilidade de sucesso de manutenção da função renal depende da concentração sérica de creatinina ao início do tratamento, o que indica a importância do diagnóstico e terapêutica adequada precoces. Casuística: Relata-se o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 61 anos, portadora de GW com comprometimento renal avançado à apresentação não precedido por sintomas pulmonares esperados. O tratamento imunossupressor associado a plasmaferese permitiu a melhora da função renal da paciente poupando-a de tornar-se dialítica- dependente. Discussão: A paciente iniciou a doença através de insuficiência renal assintomática, com valores de função renal compatíveis com o estágio mais avançado de doença renal crônica, ultrassonografia dos rins sem alterações compatíveis e sem os sintomas respiratórios esperados. Segundo a literatura, a combinação de imunossupressores e plasmaferese associa-se à recuperação renal em três meses com sobrevivência sem necessidade de diálise por 12 meses, no caso relatado, obteve-se tal resultado em 22 dias sem a necessidade de diálise após um ano. Conclusão: Devido ao diagnóstico precoce, o tratamento adequado foi instalado rapidamente proporcionando à paciente um aumento da expectativa e da qualidade de vida, evitando dependência de terapia renal substitutiva.Palavras-Chave: Granulomatose de Wegener, Plasmaferese, Doença renal crônica.  ABSTRACTIntroduction: The Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG) is a rare and idiopathic vasculitis associated with the presence of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA), that affects, preferentially, the small vessels. The clinical manifestations are diverse, occurring in over 90% of cases, symptoms in the respiratory tract. Kidney damage is a late and bad prognostic predictor. Morbidity in the medium and long term includes chronic renal failure. The probability of renal function maintenance success depends on serum creatinine concentration at the beginning of treatment that indicates the importance of early diagnosis and deployment of an appropriate therapy. Case Report: We present a case of a 61-year-old female patient, carrier of GW with advanced renal impairment presentation, not preceded by expected pulmonary symptoms. The immunosuppressive treatment associated with plasmapheresis allowed the improvement of the patient’s renal function, saving her from becoming dialysis-dependent Discussion: The patient developed the disease through asymptomatic renal failure, renal function with values that are compatible with the most advanced stage of chronic kidney disease, ultrasound of the kidneys without compatible changes and without the expected respiratory symptoms. According to the literature, the combination of immunosuppressive drugs and plasmapheresis is associated with renal recovery in three months with survival without dialysis for 12 months. In this case, a result was obtained in 22 days without the need for dialysis after one year. Conclusion: Due to the early diagnosis, appropriate treatment was quickly installed giving the patient increased life expectancy and quality, preventing dependence on renal replacement therapy.Keywords: Wegener’s granulomatosis, Plasmapheresis, Chronic renal failure.


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