scholarly journals Romanian Migration to the Community of Madrid (Spain): Patterns of Mobility and Return

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marcu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Circular Migration ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Romanian Immigrants

The article analyzes the process by which Romanian immigrants to the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) return to their country. Starting with the empirical reality and the theoretical focuses on human mobility as a form of transnationalism, the article emphasises on the characteristics which distinguish the Romanian collective from other collectives of immigrants living in Spain; circular migration that creates work networks. The paper reflects how the intensive mobility contributes to a process that is continuous and partial—hardly ever final. The first part of the article presents the phases of Romanian migration to the Autonomous Community of Madrid. It then delves into the process by which Romanians return to their country of origin, while detailing those factors that influence their decision. The conclusions point towards a renewal of studies on mobility within the framework of the European Union that links the border dynamic with the migration process.

Circular Migration between Fact and Fiction

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 184-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Schneider ◽  
Bernd Parusel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Circular Migration ◽  
Member States ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Third Country Nationals

Political actors in the European Union and in the eu member states have arrived to maintain that managed circular migration can generate benefits both for the destination countries and for the countries of origin of the migrants. Despite the fact that Germany so far has barely engaged in fostering circular migration through distinct programmes, a not inconsiderable share of foreigners from third countries living in Germany today can be viewed as circular migrants. This paper takes an inventory of the extent and characteristics of such spontaneous back-and-forth cross border movements by providing a specific, clear-cut definition for circular migration and thus analysing stock data on third country nationals residing in Germany. Furthermore, we scrutinise the German legal framework with a view to its propensity to encourage patterns of circular migration.

scholarly journals State heterogeneity of human mobility and COVID-19 epidemics in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Yuan ◽  
Kun Hu ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Xuchen Zhang ◽  
Wei Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Eu

SummaryHuman mobility was associated with epidemic changes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, where strict public health interventions reduced human mobility and COVID-19 epidemics. But its association with COVID-19 epidemics in the European Union (EU) is unclear. In this quasi-experimental study, we modelled the temporal trends in human mobility and epidemics of COVID-19 in the 27 EU states between January 15 and May 9, 2020. COVID-19 and human mobility had 3 trend-segments, including an upward trend in COVID-19 daily incidence and a downward trend in most human mobilities in the middle segment. Compared with the EU states farther from Italy, the state-wide lockdown dates were more likely linked to turning points of human mobilities in the EU states closer to Italy, which were also more likely linked to second turning points of COVID-19 epidemics. Among the examined human mobilities, the second turning points in driving mobility and the first turning points in parks mobility were the best factors that connected lockdown dates and COVID-19 epidemics in the EU states closer to Italy. Our findings highlight the state- and mobility-heterogeneity in the associations of public health interventions and human mobility with changes of COVID-19 epidemics in the EU states.

scholarly journals PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CUSTOMS AFFAIRS: EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ON COUNTRY OF ORIGIN OF GOODS

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
V.Р. Zhdanova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Exchange Of Information

Today, for the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, one of the priority areas of international customs cooperation is cooperation with the customs authorities of other countries on the fulfillment of the terms of current free trade agreements. In this context, the exchange of information on the country of origin of goods moving across the customs border of Ukraine is of particular importance, which is one of the important factors for intensifying trade between Ukraine and the European Union. The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union defines a number of obligations that Ukraine must fulfill in order to harmonize national legislation with the requirements of the relevant legislation of the European Union. Please note that there are now over 400 аgreements about free trade and preferential trade agreements that reduce customs tariffs on certain goods, provided they meet the specified origin criteria. However, many participants in foreign economic activity ignore the fact that they may claim tariff preferences or are uninformed in determining whether the goods they buy or sell are entitled to preferential treatment. As a result, many international trade participants pay a fee for goods originating in countries that are parties to the Free Trade Agreements, losing a financial advantage over their competitors. However, many exporters also lose business opportunities, and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises are particularly affected. This article is aimed at exploring the main aspects of legal and organizational support for the exchange of information on issues of the country of origin of goods in the course of customs in Ukraine. The author also intends to explore aspects of international cooperation of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine with other customs authorities in determining the country of origin of goods moving across the customs border of Ukraine. Determine the possibility of further application of the preferential conditions provided for in the Free Trade Agreements concluded with the participation of Ukraine in the prevention, detection, and/or termination of customs-related violations of the origin of goods. Keywords. information, exchange of information, product, country of origin of the product, international trade.

scholarly journals CONSEQUENCES OF THE MIGRANT CRISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1435
Author(s):  
Hatidza Berisha ◽  
Milenko Dzeletovic ◽  
Vladimir Tomasevic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Status ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Migration Crisis

In daily communication are often used terms, such as migration, immigrants, refugees, emigrants, asylum seekers and similar, which in principle denote persons living outside the country of origin and their properties. However, there is often a lack of understanding in the perception and distinction between these terms, which in academic practice necessarily requires the determination of the scope and content of those terms. Therefore, we should try to point out the content and scope of concepts that define the status of migrants in the modern world.The paper deals with the basic concepts of migration, as well as the main features of the current migration crisis, with the focus on the consequences of the migrant crisis in the Republic of Serbia and the evinced security implications are described.The aim of the paper is to point out the most important consequences of the migrant crisis in the Republic of Serbia and to assess the possible future implications of the migrant crisis, which is primarily conditioned by the the degree and dynamics of solving problems in the Middle East, political and other decisions and measures of the European Union and neighboring countries.

scholarly journals Towards the Greater Good? EU Commissioners’ Nationality and Budget Allocation in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Gehring ◽  
Stephan A. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Greater Good ◽  
Selection On Unobservables ◽  
Allocation Decisions

We demonstrate that the nationalities of EU Commissioners influence budget allocation decisions in favor of their country of origin. Our focus is on the Commissioners for Agriculture, who are exclusively responsible for a specific fund that accounts for the largest share of the overall EU budget. On average, providing the Commissioner causes a 1 percentage point increase in a country’s share of the overall EU budget, which corresponds to 850 million euros per year. There are no different pretreatment trends and the magnitude of the bias from selection-on-unobservables would have to be implausibly high to account for the estimated coefficient. (JEL D72, F55, H61, H77)

Jurisdiction in B2C E-Commerce Dispute within European Union

2011 ◽  
pp. 1569-1582
Author(s):  
Ong Chin Eang
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
Court Action

E-commerce jurisdiction has always been an issue because e-commerce exists in a borderless environment, and this e-environment diminishes the importance of physical location and locality. This imposes a great concern over which country’s jurisdiction to engage when disputes occur between business and consumer in the e-environment. This is crucial when the consumer is seeking “redress” as there is always the question as to where a court action should be brought in. The current jurisdictions by the European Commission (EC) within the European Union (EU), The E-Commerce Directive—Country of Origin, and Rome II are still in the drafting process. These legislations are not the total solution. This paper reviews the issue of current jurisdiction, whether there is a need to call for a single jurisdiction, and what complications arise when seeking redress in this borderless e-environment. This paper also raises important issues that relate to the gaps and loopholes that exist in Country of Origin and Rome II.

Deterrence and tax morale in the European Union

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUNO S. FREY
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
European Union ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Civic Virtue ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Tax Morale ◽  
Participation Rights ◽  
The Eu

Deterrence has been the prevalent strategy to enforce tax revenue both throughout history and in economic theory. This approach is, however, problematic because it is inconsistent with empirical reality. I wish to consider a new way of thinking about taxation, following psychological economics. I submit that individuals have a substantial amount of civic virtue and tax morale. Taxation is ‘quasi-voluntary’ and cannot reasonably be enforced by deterrence. Tax morale is lowered when the citizens have little trust in their state, and feel badly treated by the tax office. According to official surveys, the European Union is faced with a ‘democracy deficit’ and dwindling support from the citizens. At the EU-level, civic virtue and tax morale can be improved by offering more (direct) political participation rights and raising taxes in a decentralized way.

scholarly journals Léonard, Sarah and Christian Kaunert. 2019. Refugees, security and the European Union. London: Routledge. 220 p.

2020 ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Gustavo De la Orden Bosch
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Asylum Policy ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Arduous Task

Over the last two decades, the securitization of borders and human mobility has become a more “high profile” issue in academia. The general consensus is that in Western countries policies on migration have been increasingly adopted through security concerns. Such a statement brings together a broad and complex set of issues: migration, asylum, cross border crimes, external and internal security, to mention some of them. Therefore, in this book, Léonard and Kaunert recognize the need to refine the analysis and undertake the arduous task of decoding the realm and functioning of the securitization process on the specific area of asylum policy in the European Union (EU).

scholarly journals European Expert Buyers’ Perceptions of New Zealand Agri-food Products and Businesses: An Explanation of the Theory of Buyer-Seller Relationships and Country of Origin Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jeremy White ◽  
Xiaomeng Sharon Lucock ◽  
Tim Baird ◽  
David Dean
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Test Product ◽  
Trade Show ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Different Levels

With agrifood export earnings so pivotal to New Zealand (NZ)’s economy, understanding how expert buyers perceive the country’s agrifood products and businesses is imperative. This holds particularly true for the European Union (EU), being one of NZ’s main trading partners. This research draws on the key theories centering on buyer-seller relationships and Country of Origin (CoO) theory, investigating specifically the perceptions of NZ agrifood products and businesses held by European expert buyers who have different levels of knowledge and experience.  A quantitative survey was conducted which investigated these perceptions held by the European expert buyers accessed in-person at a trade show in 2015 in Germany. Bipolar adjective scales were used to test product and business attributes. One-way ANOVA’s were adopted to test for perceptual differences between European buyers with high/medium/low experience with New Zealand’s agrifood products and/or businesses. Overall, New Zealand agrifood products and businesses were viewed positively from the perspective of European expert buyers, with the degree of positivity increasing as the level of experience increased. This study also highlighted the need for future research on how CoO affects buyer-seller relationships, especially via the concept of the “halo effect”.

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