scholarly journals Association between Abdominal Fat (DXA) and Its Subcomponents (CT Scan) before and after Weight Loss in Obese Postmenopausal Women: A MONET Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Y. Doyon ◽  
Martin Brochu ◽  
Virginie Messier ◽  
Marie-Ève Lavoie ◽  
May Faraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Introduction. Subcutaneous fat (ScF) and visceral fat (VF) measurements using CT scan are expensive and may imply significant radiation doses. Cross-sectional studies using CT scan showed that ScF and VF are significantly correlated with abdominal fat measured by DXA (AF-DXA). The association has not been studied after a weight loss.Objective. To determine (1) the associations between AF-DXA and ScF and VF before and after weight loss and (2) the associations between their changes.Methods. 137 overweight/obese postmenopausal women were divided in two groups (1-caloric restriction or 2-caloric restriction + resistance training). AF was assessed using DXA and CT scan.Results. Correlations between AF-DXA and ScF (before:r=0.87, after;r=0.87;P<.01) and, AF-DXA and VF (before:r=0.61, after;r=0.69;P<.01) are not different before and after the weight loss. Correlations between delta AF-DXA and delta ScF (r=0.72;P<.01) or delta VF (r=0.51;P<.01) were found.Conclusion. The use of AF-DXA as a surrogate for VF after weight loss is questionable, but may be interesting for ScF.

scholarly journals P1548 Changes in left ventricular deformation with weight loss in obese adolescents with intellectual and developmental delays (IDD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Forsha ◽  
L Ptomey ◽  
T Johnson ◽  
N Goth ◽  
L Kuzava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Regression Modeling ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Global Strain ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements AHA Career Development grant Background Adolescents with IDD have twice the prevalence of obesity as their typically developed peers, leading to frequent early obesity-related subclinical cardiac dysfunction, detected by strain echo. The effects of weight loss on cardiac deformation are unknown in this population. Purpose To evaluate early cardiac dysfunction in overweight IDD adolescents before and after a 6-month caloric restriction-weight loss program. Methods Subjects with IDD co-enrolling in a weight loss program were consented for this strain imaging study, excluding those with congenital heart disease. An echo measuring LVEF (bullet), 2D speckle longitudinal LV global strain (GLS) and strain rate (GLSr) from 3 apical views and global circumferential strain from a parasternal short axis view at the paps (GCS) was performed at baseline and 6 months. Analysis included paired T-test and regression analysis, p ≤ 0.05 significant. Results Overweight (5) and obese (15) adolescents (40% female) had baseline LV strain measurements that were mildly diminished with increased baseline body weight predicting diminished GLS (P = 0.034) and GCS (P = 0.046) on regression modeling. After 6 months, weight and BMI decreased significantly with improvements in GLS and GCS and non-significant trends towards improvement in GLSr and early diastolic global strain rate. BMI change at 6 months predicted change in GLS (p = 0.015) and GCS (p = 0.0087) on regression modeling. At baseline, LVEF and LV end-diastolic volume were normal with no change over 6 months (p &gt; 0.55). Conclusions Baseline abnormalities in LV deformation with preserved LVEF are present in this young, obese IDD population with improvements in BMI predicting those in GLS and GCS after a 6-month caloric restriction-weight loss program. These data provide compelling justification for larger studies in this population. n Baseline (mean ± SD) 6-mo. follow up 0-6 mo. change p-value Age (years) 20 17.0 ± 2.0 17.5 ± 2.1 0.5 ± 0.1 Weight (kg) 20 86.9 ± 22.2 83.1 ± 22.7 -3.7 ± 5.9 0.014 BMI (kg/m&sup2;) 20 32.2 ± 5.3 30.4 ± 5.7 -1.8 ± 2.2 0.0031 GLS (%) 20 16.9 ± 1.6 19.2 ± 2.7 2.4 ± 2.0 0.00023 GLSr 20 1.15 ± 0.018 1.22 ± 0.18 0.06 ± 0.16 0.096 EaGLSr 20 1.83 ± 0.038 2.01 ± 0.46 0.18 ± 0.45 0.098 GCS (%) 20 19.1 ± 2.3 22.0 ± 2.6 2.82 ± 2.6 0.00019 LV deformation before and after weight loss. GLS, GLSr, and GCS are reported as positive values (absolute values). Body Mass Index (BMI); Early Diastolic Global Longitudinal Strain Rate (EaGLSr)

Beating Yourself: How Do Runners Improve Their Own Records?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Foster ◽  
Jos J. de Koning ◽  
Christian Thiel ◽  
Bram Versteeg ◽  
Daniel A. Boullosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
World Records ◽  
Elite Runners

Background: Pacing studies suggest the distribution of effort for optimizing performance. Cross-sectional studies of 1-mile world records (WRs) suggest that WR progression includes a smaller coefficient of variation of velocity. Purpose: This study evaluates whether intraindividual pacing used by elite runners to break their own WR (1 mile, 5 km, and 10 km) is related to the evolution of pacing strategy. We provide supportive data from analysis in subelite runners. Methods: Men’s WR performances (with 400-m or 1-km splits) in 1 mile, 5 km, and 10 km were retrieved from the IAAF database (from 1924 to present). Data were analyzed relative to pacing pattern when a runner improved their own WR. Similar analyses are presented for 10-km performance in subelite runners before and after intensified training. Results: WR performance was improved in 1 mile (mean [SD]: 3:59.4 [11.2] to 3:57.2 [8.6]), 5 km (13:27 [0:33] to 13:21 [0:33]), and 10 km (28:35 [1:27] to 28:21 [1:21]). The average coefficient of variation did not change in the 1 mile (3.4% [1.8%] to 3.6% [1.6%]), 5 km (2.4% [0.9%] to 2.2% [0.8%]), or 10 km (1.4% [0.1%] to 1.5% [0.6%]) with improved WR. When velocity was normalized to the percentage mean velocity for each race, the pacing pattern was almost identical. Very similar patterns were observed in subelite runners in the 10 km. When time improved from 49:20 (5:30) to 45:56 (4:58), normalized velocity was similar, terminal RPE increased (8.4 [1.6] to 9.1 [0.8]), coefficient of variation was unchanged (4.4% [1.1%] to 4.8% [2.1%]), and VO2max increased (49.8 [7.4] to 55.3 [8.8] mL·min−1·kg−1). Conclusion: The results suggest that when runners break their own best performances, they employ the same pacing pattern, which is different from when WRs are improved in cross-sectional data.

Changes in Glucose Disposal After a Caloric Restriction-Induced Weight Loss Program in Obese Postmenopausal Women: Characteristics of Positive and Negative Responders

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. S281
Author(s):  
Étienne Myette-Côté ◽  
Éric Doucet ◽  
Denis Prud'homme ◽  
Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret ◽  
Jean-Marc Lavoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Glucose Disposal

scholarly journals Effects of caloric restriction on anthropometrical and specific performance in highly-trained university judo athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalia CHRARA ◽  
RIAD A.Raoui ◽  
Adel Belkadi ◽  
Hocine ASLI ◽  
Othman BENBERNOU
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the ultimate body mass, performance, and nutritional characteristics of the Algerian judo junior athletes, and also analysing the impact of nutritional intakes on stabilising Weight loss according to special performance of judo athletes. Material:Twenty-one male university athletes (aged: 21.45 ± 1.32; height: 1.81 ± 0.45 m; and body mass: 73.9 ± 4.1 kg) participated in this study during a period of stabilising Weight loss before and after 15 days of caloric restriction. Athletes were submitted to anthropometrical measurements and performed the Special Judo Fitness Test. Values for nutrient intakes were obtained from a 15 day food record kept during a training camp period of Weight maintenance and after a 15-day caloric restriction.Results:caloric restriction resulted in significant decreases in body mass (73.73 ± 2.1) and performance. However, Special Judo Fitness Test index increased significantly (14.00 ± 1.75) during caloric restriction in comparison to stabilising Weight loss.Conclusion:Exercise and caloric restriction lead to determine the ultimate Weight and physical performance. The present study provides baseline nutritional data that can be used in the prescription of individual training programs for university  judo Athletes.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Measurements at the Radius and Tibia in Healthy Pre- and Postmenopausal Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina A. Szabo ◽  
Colin E. Webber ◽  
Christopher Gordon ◽  
Jonathan D. Adachi ◽  
Richard Tozer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Purpose The objectives of this study were to utilise the XCT-2000 pQCT scanner to determine the mean values and the reproducibility of in vivo total, trabecular, and cortical volumetric bone measurements at distal and diaphyseal sites of the radius and the tibia, as well as calf muscle and subcutaneous fat areas, in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women. Methods Twenty-nine women (14 premenopausal and 15 postmenopausal) were recruited to participate in this study. Distal and diaphyseal sites of the radius (at 4% and 20% of the length of the radius) and tibia (at 4%, 38%, and 66% of the length of the tibia) were examined. Results The root mean square coefficient of variation for measurements at the distal tibia gave the most favorable reproducibility values for total (1.5%) and trabecular (1.6%) density, whereas the diaphyseal tibia showed the most favorable reproducibility value for cortical density (0.3%). The root mean square coefficients of variation for measurements of muscle and fat cross-sectional areas at the calf were 0.6% and 0.7%, respectively. At the distal tibia, the mean values for total ( P < .05) and trabecular ( P < .01) density were significantly lower in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Conclusions The data presented here indicate that XCT-2000 pQCT scans at the tibia provide highly reproducible measurements of total, cortical, and trabecular bone as well as muscle and fat cross-sectional areas. Furthermore, significant differences in volumetric bone measurements between healthy pre- and postmenopausal women were evident only at the distal tibia, suggesting that this site warrants further study.

Correlation between the rate of weight loss and changes in body composition in obese postmenopausal women after 5 weeks: a pilot study

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Arguin ◽  
Danielle R. Bouchard ◽  
Mélissa Labonté ◽  
André Carpentier ◽  
Jean-Luc Ardilouze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Similar Decrease

Approximately 25% of weight lost during restrictive diets (without exercise) is lean body mass (LBM). No study has yet investigated the impact of the rate of weight loss (RWL) on LBM and fat mass (FM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the RWL and body composition in older obese women. Twenty obese postmenopausal women aged between 51 and 74 years enrolled in a 5 week dietary weight loss intervention. Subjects were characterized according to their RWL (low RWL < 0.74 kg·week–1 (n = 9) vs. high RWL ≥ 0.74 kg·week–1 (n = 11)). Total and trunk FM and LBM (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured before and after weight loss. A significant correlation was observed between the RWL (kg·week–1) and changes in LBM (kg·week–1) (r = 0.75; p = 0.0002). However, no association was observed with changes in FM (kg·week–1) (r = 0.40; p = 0.08). Both groups showed a similar decrease in FM (low RWL, –2.7 ± 0.9 kg,; high RWL, –3.2 ± 0.8 kg; p = 0.38), whereas losses in LBM were significantly higher in the high RWL than in the low RWL group (–1.6 ± 1.2 kg vs. –0.4 ± 1.1 kg; p = 0.05). An RWL > 0.74 kg·week–1 was associated with a greater loss of LBM, but had no extra benefits on FM after a 5 week weight loss program. Current guidelines, which recommend RWL up to 0.91 kg·week–1, might not be optimal to prevent decreases in LBM in postmenopausal women when no exercise is added.

scholarly journals Hubungan lingkar pinggang dengan frekuensi napas pada guru SMP Kristen Eben Haezar 1, 2, dan SMA Kristen Eben Haezar Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica G. Mogi ◽  
Herlina I.S. Wungouw ◽  
Hedison Polii
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Waist circumference is a simple method of measuring abdominal fat, which encompasses visceral and subcutaneous fat. Excessive abdominal fat in people with large waist circumference can compress the chest wall and diaphragm mechanically causing an inability of the lungs to expand optimally, which results in shallow and rapid breathing pattern. Teachers are among the high-risk groups to experience an increase in the waist circumference due to the sedentary work pattern. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. This study was aimed to obtain the correlation between waist circumference and respiratory rate in teachers. The results showed that there were 84 teachers of Eben Haezar Christian Junior High School 1, 2, and Eben Haezar Christian Senior High School Manado as subjects. Measurements of waist circumference and respiratry rate were performed on all subjects. It was found that the mean waist circumference of female teachers was 89.04 cm meanwhile of male teachers was 92.31 cm. The mean respiratory rate was 21 breaths per minute. The Pearson Bivariate Correlation statistic test showed that there was a significant positive moderate correlation between waist circumference and respiratory rate (r = 0.493; p < 0.05).Keywords: waist circumference, respiratory rate, teachers Abstrak: Lingkar pinggang merupakan suatu metode sederhana yang digunakan untuk mengukur lemak di bagian abdomen, meliputi lemak viseral dan lemak subkutan. Lemak abdominal yang berlebihan menekan dinding dada dan diafragma sehingga paru-paru tidak dapat mengembang secara optimal, menyebabkan pernapasan yang cepat dan dangkal. Guru merupakan kelompok yang berisiko mengalami peningkatan ukuran lingkar pinggang dikarenakan pola pekerjaan yang sedenter. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara lingkar pinggang dan frekuensi napas pada guru-guru. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Terdapat 84 subjek terdiri dari guru-guru yang mengajar di SMP Kristen Eben Haezar 1, 2, dan SMA Kristen Eben Haezar Manado. Pengukuran lingkar pinggang dan frekuensi pernapasan dilakukan secara langsung. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan rerata lingkar pinggang pada guru wanita ialah 89,04 cm dan pada guru pria 92,31 cm, dengan rerata frekuensi napas 21 kali per menit. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ukuran lingkar pinggang memiliki korelasi positif yang bermakna dan cukup kuat dengan frekuensi napas (r = 0,493; p < 0,05). Kata kunci: lingkar pinggang, frekuensi napas, guru

scholarly journals Cryolipolysis-induced abdominal fat change: Split-body trials

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242782
Author(s):  
In Cheol Hwang ◽  
Kyoung Kon Kim ◽  
Kyu Rae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Cryolipolysis has been considered as a noninvasive alternative to surgical procedures for reducing subcutaneous fat without affecting the surrounding tissues. However, no clinical trial has investigated changes in the abdominal fat tissue by 12 weeks after cryolipolysis. Therefore, in this split-body trial, we explored whether a single session of unilateral cryolipolysis could change visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue over a period of 12 weeks. We compared the cross-sectional areas of the abdominal adipose tissue of 15 subjects (9 women; 38.3 [10.8] years) by computed tomography before and at 12 weeks after a single treatment of cryolipolysis to the left abdomen and used the right abdomen as untreated control. In addition, we measured participants’ waist circumference, percentage of body fat (by bioelectrical impedance analysis) at baseline and at 6- and 12-weeks post-treatment. Single unilateral cryolipolysis tended to reduce the cross-sectional areas of visceral adipose tissue, by 8.4 cm2 (9.9%), the waist circumferences, and the percent body fat, by 2.8 cm2 (0.6%), overall. The cross-sectional area of visceral adipose tissues on the treated side significantly decreased, by 6.8 cm2 (15.6%; P = 0.003), and that of the untreated side tended to decrease by 1.2 cm2 (3.6%). Thus, a single unilateral session of noninvasive selective cryolipolysis can be considered as a safe and effective treatment for reduction of visceral adipose tissue over a period of 12 weeks, which should result in metabolic improvement.

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