scholarly journals A Simple and Fast Method for the Production and Characterization of Methylic and Ethylic Biodiesels from Tucum Oil via an Alkaline Route

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Firmino de Oliveira ◽  
Andressa Tironi Vieira ◽  
Antônio Carlos Ferreira Batista ◽  
Hugo de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Nelson Ramos Stradiotto
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Simple Distillation ◽  
Potassium Methoxide ◽  
Oxidative Stability Index ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Storage Times

A simple, fast, and complete route for the production of methylic and ethylic biodiesel from tucum oil is described. Aliquots of the oil obtained directly from pressed tucum (pulp and almonds) were treated with potassium methoxide or ethoxide at 40°C for 40 min. The biodiesel form was removed from the reactor and washed with 0.1 M HCl aqueous solution. A simple distillation at 100°C was carried out in order to remove water and alcohol species from the biodiesel. The oxidative stability index was obtained for the tucum oil as well as the methylic and ethylic biodiesel at 6.13, 2.90, and 2.80 h, for storage times higher than 8 days. Quality control of the original oil and of the methylic and ethylic biodiesels, such as the amount of glycerin produced during the transesterification process, was accomplished by the TLC, GC-MS, and FT-IR techniques. The results obtained in this study indicate a potential biofuel production by simple treatment of tucum, an important Amazonian fruit.

Preparation and Characterization of Silica Aerogel Immobilized with Cyanex 301 for Extraction of Zn(II)

2013 ◽  
Vol 717 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Noorzahan Begum ◽  
Md Fazlul Bari ◽  
Salmie Suhana Binti Che Abdullah ◽  
R.A. Khairel ◽  
N. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cyanex 301 ◽  
Solid Phase Extractant

A new solid phase extractant silica aerogel immobilized with Cyanex 301 {bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid} (SAWC) was prepared via a sol-gel method and investigated for the extraction of Zn (II) from aqueous solution by a batch extraction technique. It is found that SAWC can extract about 100% zinc at equilibrium pH 1.7. Prepared SAWC was characterized by FT-IR, BET, EDX and SEM which proved the presence of Cyanex 301 into silica aerogel. Moreover, the material is also easily regenerated and reused in the subsequent removal of Zn (II) in five cycles. Therefore, it could be concluded that it may perform as a solid phase extractant in the extraction of metal ions from the aqueous solution.

Gelatin-Glutaradehyde-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Bioadsorbent: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Copper(II) Ion Removal from Synthetic Aqueous Solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Xiao Yan Lin ◽  
Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Isotherm Equation ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Ft Ir

A new Gelatin-glutaradehyde-Poly(vinyl alcohol) bioadsorbent was synthesized by immobilizing Poly(vinyl alcohol) onto gelatin followed by cross-linking. This technique gives the bioadsorbent of gelatin good chemical resistance and mechanical strength. SEM and FT-IR were conducted for characterization of the bioadsrobent. A comprehensive adsorption study of Copper(II) removal from synthetic aqueous solution by adsorption on this bioadsorbent was conducted regarding the effects of initial pH, time, and copper(II) initial concentration. The adsorption data were applied to Freundlich isotherm equation and its contents were calculated. The results obtained showed that the new absorbent has good performance for the removal of copper(II).

scholarly journals Characterization of Biodiesel from residual friture oil, sunflower, through the ethanolic base transesterification process

Veritas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Hugo Jimenéz-Pacheco ◽  
Javier Alonso Villegas Aragón ◽  
María del Carmen Camiña Pacheco ◽  
Gregorio Urbano Palma Figueroa ◽  
Lilia Mary Miranda Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Condition ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Oxidative Stability Index ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Oil Sunflower

The conservation of the environment is becoming a global concern for the use of fuels from fossil waste, and the production of biodiesel from renewable sources is being considered as an eco-friendly alternative since oleaginous organic waste presents potential as Energy condition An important aspect is to minimize the impacts generated by this waste under different conditions, and an operation related to the aspect is the elaboration and comparison of biodiesel obtained from residual frying oils with biodiesel produced with sunflower oil through the transesterification process based on ethanol. The evaluation was carried out on a laboratory scale with parameters and specifications found in the Peruvian Technical Standard for Biodiesel (NTP-321.12-200-2008), with the exception of water content, and the oxidative stability index (IEO). The following results were obtained 739.7 mg / kg and 1.5 hours and these do not meet the standards whose minimum reference corresponds to 500 mg / kg and 3 hours, respectively. The yield of residual oil and sunflower corresponds to 68.5% and 85.2% respectively. The research work establishes that the production of biodiesel from residual frying oil by the ethanol-based transesterification process is significantly less than the process with sunflower oilseeds, showing greater performance and stability.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) powders

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zarzecka-Napierala ◽  
Krzystof Haberko
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium Garnet ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Complexing Properties

In this paper synthesis and characterization of YAG powders, prepared by a process based on complexing properties of citric acid, was reported. Influence of citric acid estrification induced by 2-propanol or ethylene glycol on the system homogeneity was investigated. These reagents were introduced to aqueous solution of yttrium and aluminium nitrates. A variety of powders from Al2O3-Y2O3 system with different phase composition were obtained by altering the citrate to nitrate ratio. Evolution of the powders phase composition vs. temperature was investigated using DTA/TG, XRD, and FT-IR methods. The most interesting results were observed in case of the citric acid - propanol - relative nitrates system. The mole ratio of these reagents equal to 1: 2.5: 2.5 (nitrates (Al,Y): citric acid: 2-propanol) allowed to synthesize pure YAG phase powders at temperature as low as 950?C.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles in the Method of Precipitation

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 1725-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qin Wang ◽  
Xiang Ni Yang ◽  
Yang Han ◽  
Rui Jun Zhang ◽  
Yu Lin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Spherical Crystals

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in the method of precipitation, and they were characterized by the means of the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Also their photocatalytic and degradation performance for the methyl orange aqueous solution were studied. The research results showed as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles were spherical crystals in hexagonal crystal system, and their size distribution was mainly in the range of 20-30 nm. The annealing temperature was about 390 °C, and a few organics remained, which may be helpful for the formation of ZnO particles. They had integrated crystal form, high crystallinity and thermal stability. Moreover, the obtained ZnO nanoparticles had excellent photocatalytic and degradation performance for the methyl orange aqueous solution. When reacted for 3.5 h, the degradation rate of the methyl orange aqueous solution was up to about 97%.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of carbamoylethyl hemicelluloses

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Li Ren ◽  
Feng Peng ◽  
Run-Cang Sun ◽  
Xun-Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
C Nmr

AbstractThe reaction of hemicelluloses, isolated from wheat straw, with acrylamide in alkaline aqueous solution was investigated. The degree of substitution (DS, up to 0.65) of the products could be obtained by adjusting the molar ratios of reagent to xylose unit in hemicelluloses (1.0-10.0) and the molar ratios of catalyst to xylose unit in hemicelluloses (0.5-1.6). Changes in the structure of hemicelluloses were verified by FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The results showed that carbamoylethyl groups surely were grafted onto the main chain of hemicelluloses. Moreover, it was also found that the saponification of carbamoylethyl groups to carboxyl groups occurred in alkaline medium. The behavior of modified hemicelluloses was monitored by means of thermo gravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (TGA). It was found that the products had a lower thermal stability than the native hemicelluloses.

FT-IR Characterization of Metal Acetates in Aqueous Solution

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Tackett
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Water Molecule ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Acetate Group ◽  
Carboxylate Group ◽  
Metal Acetate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Coordinated Water ◽  
Absorption Frequencies

A correlation has been developed between antisymmetric and symmetric carboxylate group infrared absorption frequencies, cationic radii, and acetate group types that can be used to differentiate between ionic, unidentate, bidentate, and bridging acetate groups in aqueous metal acetate solutions. In solutions containing the alkali metal, alkaline earth, and Mn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions, the acetate group is primarily ionic. The bound acetate groups in Ce(III), Pb(II), Sm(III), Y(III), and Yb(III) systems are bidentate. A solution of Cr(III) acetate has bridging acetate groups. Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) appear to form H-bonded unidentate structures in which an acetate oxygen not coordinated to the metal is hydrogen bonded to a coordinated water molecule. Hg(II) acetate has bridging acetate groups and might also have unidentate acetate groups.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Polyoxometalate Nano-/Microrods

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shen ◽  
Jun Peng ◽  
Changyun Chen ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
Huanqiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Intense Fluorescence ◽  
Ft Ir

Fluorescent nano-/microrods of the polyoxometalate (POM) K4H[Eu(α-SiW11O39)- (H2O)2] ・ 17H2O were obtained in aqueous solution by a conventional synthesis method. The nano-/microrods have been characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR, UV/Vis, and TG-DTA data, and their morphology was examined by ESEM-FEG, showing that the average ratio of diameter to length is 1 : 20. The obtained nano-/microrods exhibit a regular profile and an intense fluorescence.

scholarly journals The impact of Senjed (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) peel aqueous extract on qualitative properties of cold-pressed sesame oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa Fathollahy
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Oxidative Stability Index ◽  
Cold Pressed ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
The Impact

The Senjed peel aqueous extract was added to sesame cold-pressed oil at different concentration of 0, 100, 200, 500 and 750 mg/kg and compared with TBHQ (200 mg/kg). The Senjed peel aqueous extract showed 9.55 ± 0.35% extraction yield, 58.17 ± 2.33% antioxidant activity, 573.31 ± 3.57 (mg GAE/100 g FW) total phenolic content, and 151.33 ± 2.67 (mg CAE/100 g FW) total flavonoid content. The extract preserved 59.08% of antioxidant activity after heating at 185 ℃ for 80 min. Increasing the concentration of the extract caused a significant (p<0.05) qualitative improvement in the oil samples. At all storage times, the highest FFA%, peroxide and P-anisidine value belonged to oil samples containing 0 ppm of Senjed peel aqueous extract and followed by 100, 200, 500 and 750 ppm, respectively. The highest oxidative stability index was observed in oil samples containing TBHQ and 750 mg/kg concentration of extract (both 15.39 h). Oil samples containing 750 ppm of Senjed peel aqueous extract and TBHQ showed almost similar qualitative characteristics. Results showed that Senjed peel aqueous extract have antioxidant potential for stabilization of oils.

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