scholarly journals The Coevolution of Phycobilisomes: Molecular Structure Adapting to Functional Evolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Shi ◽  
Song Qin ◽  
Yin-Chu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Red Alga ◽  
Adaptive Selection ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Coevolution Analysis ◽  
Selective Evolution ◽  
Linker Peptides ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Unidirectional Transfer ◽  
Covariation Analysis

Phycobilisome is the major light-harvesting complex in cyanobacteria and red alga. It consists of phycobiliproteins and their associated linker peptides which play key role in absorption and unidirectional transfer of light energy and the stability of the whole complex system, respectively. Former researches on the evolution among PBPs and linker peptides had mainly focused on the phylogenetic analysis and selective evolution. Coevolution is the change that the conformation of one residue is interrupted by mutation and a compensatory change selected for in its interacting partner. Here, coevolutionary analysis of allophycocyanin, phycocyanin, and phycoerythrin and covariation analysis of linker peptides were performed. Coevolution analyses reveal that these sites are significantly correlated, showing strong evidence of the functional and structural importance of interactions among these residues. According to interprotein coevolution analysis, less interaction was found between PBPs and linker peptides. Our results also revealed the correlations between the coevolution and adaptive selection in PBS were not directly related, but probably demonstrated by the sites coupled under physical-chemical interactions.

scholarly journals A Digital Framework to Predict the Sunshine Requirements of Landscape Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Heyi Wei ◽  
Wenhua Jiang ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Bo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Adaptive Selection ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability And Accuracy ◽  
The City

Knowledge of the sunshine requirements of landscape plants is important information for the adaptive selection and configuration of plants for urban greening, and is also a basic attribute of plant databases. In the existing studies, the light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) have been commonly used to indicate the shade tolerance for a specific plant; however, these values are difficult to adopt in practice because the landscape architect does not always know what range of solar radiation is the best for maintaining plant health, i.e., normal growth and reproduction. In this paper, to bridge the gap, we present a novel digital framework to predict the sunshine requirements of landscape plants. First, the research introduces the proposed framework, which is composed of a black-box model, solar radiation simulation, and a health standard system for plants. Then, the data fitting between solar radiation and plant growth response is used to obtain the value of solar radiation at different health levels. Finally, we adopt the LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthetic System (Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) to verify the stability and accuracy of the digital framework through 15 landscape plant species of a residential area in the city of Wuhan, China, and also compared and analyzed the results of other researchers on the same plant species. The results show that the digital framework can robustly obtain the values of the healthy, sub-healthy, and unhealthy levels for the 15 landscape plant species. The purpose of this study is to provide an efficient forecasting tool for large-scale surveys of plant sunshine requirements. The proposed framework will be beneficial for the adaptive selection and configuration of urban plants and will facilitate the construction of landscape plant databases in future studies.

scholarly journals Methionine Oxidation and Its Effect on the Stability of B820 Subunit of Light-Harvesting Complex

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (supplement) ◽  
pp. S126
Author(s):  
M. Shimonaga ◽  
Y. Muraoka ◽  
Z.-Y. Wang ◽  
T. Nozawa
Keyword(s):  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Methionine Oxidation ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals TEKNIK-TEKNIK REMEDIASI SEDIMEN TERKONTAMINASI LOGAM BERAT

OSEANA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Harmesa Harmesa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Remediation Efficiency ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
Chemical Techniques ◽  
The Stability

Sediments are important in influencing changes and movements of the heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Heavy metals contamination of the sediments has negative ecological impacts on the environment. Therefore, economical, effective, and environmentally friendly remediation processes are needed. Purposes of the remediation are to reduce toxicity, bioavailability, and mobility of the metals from the polluted sediments. The remediations are developed using physical-chemical, biological and combination of both techniques. Physical-chemical techniques are carried out to decrease the stability of contaminated substances. Biological techniques or known as bioremediation are conducted through biological processes of plants, animals, and microorganisms. While the combination of both respective techniques, can produce maximum benefits and increase remediation efficiency.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Characterisation of Macroaggregated Human Serum Albumin: Strength and Specificity of Bonds with 99mTc and 68Ga

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Letizia Canziani ◽  
Manuela Marenco ◽  
Giorgio Cavenaghi ◽  
Giulia Manfrinato ◽  
Angelo Taglietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Size Dimension ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Optimal Ph

Background: Macroaggregated human serum albumin (MAA) properties are widely used in nuclear medicine, labelled with 99mTc. The aim of this study is to improve the knowledge about the morphology, size, dimension and physical–chemical characteristics of MAA and their bond with 99mTc and 68Ga. Methods: Commercial kits of MAA (Pulmocis®) were used. Characterisation through experiments based on SEM, DLS and Stokes’ Law were carried out. In vitro experiments for Langmuir isotherms and pH studies on radiolabelling were performed and the stability of the radiometal complex was verified through competition reactions. Results: The study settles the MAA dimension within the range 43–51 μm. The Langmuir isotherm reveals for [99mTc]MAA: Bmax (46.32), h (2.36); for [68Ga]MAA: Bmax (44.54), h (0.893). Dual labelling reveals that MAA does not discriminate different radioisotopes. Experiments on pH placed the optimal pH for labelling with 99mTc at 6. Conclusion: Radiolabelling of MAA is possible with high efficiency. The nondiscriminatory MAA bonds make this drug suitable for radiolabelling with different radioisotopes or for dual labelling. This finding illustrates the need to continue investigating MAA chemical and physical characteristics to allow for secure labelling with different isotopes.

scholarly journals Production of cupcake-like dessert containing microbial biosurfactant as an emulsifier

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivison A. Silva ◽  
Bruno O. Veras ◽  
Beatriz G. Ribeiro ◽  
Jaciana S. Aguiar ◽  
Jenyffer M. Campos Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Candida Bombicola ◽  
Standard Formulation ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Steep Liquor

This work describes the application of the biosurfactant from Candida bombicola URM 3718 as a meal additive like cupcake. The biosurfactant was produced in a culture medium containing 5% sugar cane molasses, 5% residual soybean oil and 3% corn steep liquor. The surface and interfacial tension of the biosurfactant were 30.790 ± 0.04 mN/m and 0.730 ± 0.05 mN/m, respectively. The yield in isolated biosurfactant was 25 ± 1.02 g/L and the CMC was 0.5 g/L. The emulsions of the isolated biosurfactant with vegetable oils showed satisfactory results. The microphotographs of the emulsions showed that increasing the concentration of biosurfactant decreased the oil droplets, increasing the stability of the emulsions. The biosurfactant was incorporated into the cupcake dessert formulation, replacing 50%, 75% and 100% of the vegetable fat in the standard formulation. Thermal analysis showed that the biosurfactant is stable for cooking cupcakes (180 °C). The biosurfactant proved to be promising for application in foods low in antioxidants and did not show cytotoxic potential in the tested cell lines. Cupcakes with biosurfactant incorporated in their dough did not show significant differences in physical and physical–chemical properties after baking when compared to the standard formulation. In this way, the biosurfactant has potential for application in the food industry as an emulsifier for flour dessert.

Influences of Ultrasonic Wave on Polycrystalline Alumina Fibers Synthesized

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 362-368
Author(s):  
Yong Zhi Zhang ◽  
Hong Xia Li ◽  
Jin Xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Polycrystalline Alumina ◽  
Wave Fields ◽  
Diffusion Wave ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Alumina Fibers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Aluminum Silicon

In order to improve the stabilities of A95-aluminum-silicon sols, the influences of various ultrasonic field, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic frequency on the property of aluminum-silicon sols were researched. The physical-chemical performances of sols, such as the sol viscosity, rheological properties and microstructure, and so on, were measured. The results show that the influence of sonochemical actions on the stability of the Al2O3-SiO2 sol is remarkable. Standing wave fields accelerate the molecules agglomeration of the sol. In the diffusion wave fields, the stability of the sol increases with ultrasonic frequency enhances, but the stability first increases and then reduces with the extension of ultrasonic time. When ultrasonic frequency and ultrasonic time is 100 Hz and 60 minutes respectively, the stability of the Al2O3-SiO2 sol is the best.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DO TIPO DE ÓLEO UTILIZADO PARA FRITURA NA ESTABILIDADE DE AMÊNDOAS DE CASTANHA DE CAJU

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JANICE RIBEIRO LIMA ◽  
MARTA MARIA MARTINS SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Frying Time ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrogenated Soybean Oil ◽  
Preference Tests ◽  
Oil Type

Avaliou-se a influência do tipo de óleo utilizado para fritura na estabilidade de amêndoas de castanha de caju processadas. Foram empregados nos testes quatro tipos de óleos (soja, algodão, gordura vegetal hidrogenada e babaçu) com temperatura e tempo de fritura fixos. As amêndoas processadas foram avaliadas quanto às suas características físico-químicas, logo após o processamento e depois de quatro meses de armazenamento (embalagens de polietileno, temperatura ambiente), visando verificar o efeito do tipo de óleo no envelhecimento do produto. Foram realizados ainda testes sensoriais de ordenação/preferência, com o objetivo de determinar o tratamento (óleo utilizado) preferido. Os resultados indicaram que a gordura vegetal hidrogenada é mais adequada para a fritura de amêndoas de castanha de caju. Abstract The influence of the frying oil type in the stability of processed cashew nut kernels were evaluated. Four types of oils (soybean, cotton seed, babassu and hydrogenated soybean oil) were employed with fixed temperature and frying time. Processed cashew nut kernels were evaluated in relation to its physical chemical characteristics just after processing and at four months of storage (polyethylene packages, room temperature), aiming to verify the oil type effect in the aging of the products. Sensory ranking/preference tests were also used with objective to verify which oil were preferred. Results indicated that hydrogenated soybean oil is more adequate for cashew nut kernels frying.

scholarly journals Application of Natural Pigments in Ordinary Cooked Ham

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Dias ◽  
Elisabete M. S. Castanheira ◽  
A. Gil Fortes ◽  
David M. Pereira ◽  
A. Rita O. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Cooked Ham ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Red Radish

The possibility of obtaining a carmine or pink color on ordinary cooked ham by applying natural dyes from three plant species, namely red radish (Raphanus sativus L.), hibiscus (Roselle sabdariffa L.) and red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), was investigated. The extracts were evaluated for the stability at physical-chemical parameters and subjected to cytotoxicity assays in the gastric cell line AGS Encapsulation of the extracts in soybean lecithin liposomes and maltodextrin microcapsules was performed. Lyophilized extracts before and after encapsulation in maltodextrin were applied in the formulation of ordinary cooked ham and used in a pilot scale of production. The color of cooked ham samples from different assays was evaluated visually and by colorimetry. The results suggest that the coloration of ordinary cooked ham obtained with extracts of red beetroot is very promising for future applications in this type of meat product.

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