scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopy for Clinical Oncology

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Fenn ◽  
Petros Xanthopoulos ◽  
Georgios Pyrgiotakis ◽  
Stephen R. Grobmyer ◽  
Panos M. Pardalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Clinical Oncology ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Real World Application ◽  
The World ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death throughout the world. Advancements in early and improved diagnosis could help prevent a significant number of these deaths. Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique which has received considerable attention recently with regards to applications in clinical oncology. Raman spectroscopy has the potential not only to improve diagnosis of cancer but also to advance the treatment of cancer. A number of studies have investigated Raman spectroscopy for its potential to improve diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of cancers. In this paper the most recent advances in dispersive Raman spectroscopy, which have demonstrated promising leads to real world application for clinical oncology are reviewed. The application of Raman spectroscopy to breast, brain, skin, cervical, gastrointestinal, oral, and lung cancers is reviewed as well as a special focus on the data analysis techniques, which have been employed in the studies.

Lipid-based Nanocarriers for Cancer and Tumor Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (34) ◽  
pp. 4272-4276
Author(s):  
Mohammed Tahir Ansari ◽  
Thiya Anissa Ramlan ◽  
Nurul Nadia Jamaluddin ◽  
Nurshahiera Zamri ◽  
Roshan Salfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Absorption ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis ◽  
Very High

Cancer and tumor have been major reasons for numerous deaths in this century across the world. Many strategies have been designed to treat, diagnose, or prevent cancer. The success of chemotherapy largely depends on drug targeting. The advent of nanotechnology has vastly improved drug delivery for targeting and diagnosis. Nevertheless, the accuracy of drug targeting with polymeric nanoparticles has always been questionable. The polymeric nanoparticles synthesized from varieties of lipid-based compounds or combined with vectors, such as liposomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes, may allow the drug to overcome the issue of resistance to drug absorption in biological membranes. The combined effects of lipid-based nanocarriers are known to improve the efficacy and accuracy of polymeric nanoparticles. The present review explores the application of lipid based nanocarriers in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer A special focus is given to the use of lipid-based nanocarriers in the treatment, diagnosis, and mitigation of cancer located in blood, brain, lung, and colon. The treatment of these cancers has always been questionable as the chances of relapse are very high. The review encompasses the use of lipid-based nanocarriers in targeting tissue-specific cancer cells.

scholarly journals Causes of death in newborn C57BL/6J mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Capas-Peneda ◽  
Gabriela Munhoz Morello ◽  
Sofia Lamas ◽  
I Anna S Olsson ◽  
Colin Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Financial Problem ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The World

AbstractNeonatal mortality in wild-type laboratory mice is an overlooked welfare and financial problem in animal facilities around the world. Causes of death are often not reported and its causes remain unknown.In this study, 324 newborn pups from two breeding colonies of healthy wildtype C57BL/6 mice underwent post-mortem analysis with special focus on obtaining proof of life after birth, evaluation of stomach contents and observation of congenital abnormalities that could compromise survival.Based on a combination of lung morphology findings, outcome of lung float test, stomach contents and brown adipose tissue colouration, 21.6% of the pups found dead were considered stillbirths. Of the livebirths, only 3.2% were observed to have milk inside the stomach, indicating successful suckling. Congenital abnormalities were diagnosed only in a small fraction of the pups analysed. These results suggest that starvation was the most common cause of death, followed by stillbirth.

scholarly journals Mortality beyond emergency threshold in a silent crisis– results from a population-based mortality survey in Ouaka prefecture, Central African Republic, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Robinson ◽  
Lawrence Lee ◽  
Leslie F. Roberts ◽  
Aurelie Poelhekke ◽  
Xavier Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Humanitarian Emergency ◽  
The World ◽  
Mortality Survey

Abstract Background The Central African Republic (CAR) suffers a protracted conflict and has the second lowest human development index in the world. Available mortality estimates vary and differ in methodology. We undertook a retrospective mortality study in the Ouaka prefecture to obtain reliable mortality data. Methods We conducted a population-based two-stage cluster survey from 9 March to 9 April, 2020 in Ouaka prefecture. We aimed to include 64 clusters of 12 households for a required sample size of 3636 persons. We assigned clusters to communes proportional to population size and then used systematic random sampling to identify cluster starting points from a dataset of buildings in each commune. In addition to the mortality survey questions, we included an open question on challenges faced by the household. Results We completed 50 clusters with 591 participating households including 4000 household members on the interview day. The median household size was 7 (interquartile range (IQR): 4—9). The median age was 12 (IQR: 5—27). The birth rate was 59.0/1000 population (95% confidence interval (95%-CI): 51.7—67.4). The crude and under-five mortality rates (CMR & U5MR) were 1.33 (95%-CI: 1.09—1.61) and 1.87 (95%-CI: 1.37–2.54) deaths/10,000 persons/day, respectively. The most common specified causes of death were malaria/fever (16.0%; 95%-CI: 11.0–22.7), violence (13.2%; 95%-CI: 6.3–25.5), diarrhoea/vomiting (10.6%; 95%-CI: 6.2–17.5), and respiratory infections (8.4%; 95%-CI: 4.6–14.8). The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 2525/100,000 live births (95%-CI: 825—5794). Challenges reported by households included health problems and access to healthcare, high number of deaths, lack of potable water, insufficient means of subsistence, food insecurity and violence. Conclusions The CMR, U5MR and MMR exceed previous estimates, and the CMR exceeds the humanitarian emergency threshold. Violence is a major threat to life, and to physical and mental wellbeing. Other causes of death speak to poor living conditions and poor access to healthcare and preventive measures, corroborated by the challenges reported by households. Many areas of CAR face similar challenges to Ouaka. If these results were generalisable across CAR, the country would suffer one of the highest mortality rates in the world, a reminder that the longstanding “silent crisis” continues.

scholarly journals TREASURE: Text Mining Algorithm Based On Affinity Analysis and Set Intersection to Find the Action of Tuberculosis Drugs against Other Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6834
Author(s):  
Pradeepa Sampath ◽  
Nithya Shree Sridhar ◽  
Vimal Shanmuganathan ◽  
Yangsun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Intersection Property ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Mining Algorithm ◽  
Set Intersection ◽  
The World ◽  
Medical Researchers

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top causes of death in the world. Though TB is known as the world’s most infectious killer, it can be treated with a combination of TB drugs. Some of these drugs can be active against other infective agents, in addition to TB. We propose a framework called TREASURE (Text mining algoRithm basEd on Affinity analysis and Set intersection to find the action of tUberculosis dRugs against other pathogEns), which particularly focuses on the extraction of various drug–pathogen relationships in eight different TB drugs, namely pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin, ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampicin, linezolid, streptomycin and amikacin. More than 1500 research papers from PubMed are collected for each drug. The data collected for this purpose are first preprocessed, and various relation records are generated for each drug using affinity analysis. These records are then filtered based on the maximum co-occurrence value and set intersection property to obtain the required inferences. The inferences produced by this framework can help the medical researchers in finding cures for other bacterial diseases. Additionally, the analysis presented in this model can be utilized by the medical experts in their disease and drug experiments.

scholarly journals Carbon Dots for Cancer Nanomedicine: A Bright Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Bayda ◽  
Emanuele Amadio ◽  
Simone Cailotto ◽  
Yahima Frión-Herrera ◽  
Alvise Perosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Bright Future ◽  
Cancer Nanomedicine ◽  
The World

Cancer remains one of the main causes of death in the world. Early diagnosis and effective cancer therapies are required to treat this pathology. Traditional therapeutic approaches are limited by...

Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy bridge over the River Barrow. Design and Construction of a long span extrados bridge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Sanchez Sanchez ◽  
John Iliff
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Robust Approach ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Long Span ◽  
The World ◽  
Art Analysis ◽  
Concrete Deck ◽  
Design And Construction

<p>This paper describes the key elements from early planning to completion of a new bridge over the River Barrow which is part of the New Ross bypass in the south of Ireland. The structure has a total length of 887m, with a span arrangement of 36-45-95-230-230-95-70-50-36m. The two central twin spans are the longest of its kind in the world (extrados with a full concrete deck). The bridge carries a dual carriageway with a cable arrangement consisting of a single plane of cables located in the central axis of the deck. The design and construction focused in providing a structure with long term durability, resilience, and a robust approach to design scenarios using the Eurocodes and state of the art analysis techniques, including extreme events such as fire and ship impact<i>.</i></p>

Special Focus: Lifelong Learning — The Challenge and Potential for Industry and Higher Education

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Longworth
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Concept Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Global Conference

The papers which follow in this special focus on lifelong learning are based on presentations at the First Global Conference on Lifelong Learning, held in Rome on 30 November–2 December 1994. In this introductory paper, Norman Longworth discusses the concept, definition and practice of lifelong learning and assesses why its importance and significance for the future are increasingly appreciated and stressed. He also sets out and discusses the main themes of the Rome conference, and analyses their implications and challenges specifically for business and higher education. Finally he describes the roles of the European Lifelong Learning Initiative (ELU), which organized the Rome conference, and the World Initiative on Lifelong Learning (WILL), which was established at the conference.

scholarly journals Study and Search for Main Reason of Lung Cancers Based on Cherenkov Radiation in Environmental Radiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 09006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Yusaku Emoto ◽  
Kento Fujihara ◽  
Hideyuki Kawai ◽  
Shota Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cherenkov Radiation ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Radioactivity Concentration ◽  
Environmental Radiation ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
The World ◽  
Radon Decay

The number of lung-cancer-related death is highest among all cancers in the world, and it is increasing in Japan where population aging in progressing. The main reason for the lung cancer of non-smokers is regarded to be environmental pollution or exposure of the lung to radon in the nature. The risk of lung cancer was estimated to increase by 8 to 13% per every 100 Bq m-3 concentration of radon in the air. We observed beta rays with maximum energy of 3.27 MeV emitted from 214Bi as one of the progenies based on a detection of Cherenkov radiation. The surface radioactivity concentration of 214Bi on the sample was measured; the relation between the concentration and exposure time for the sample at the room air is researched. The behavior of the radon progenies in the air is discussed by a research for the progenies attaching on the sample after the radon decay. The inhalation of the radon progenies is not clear. Thus, to understand the behavior of progenies in the air make to clear the causal relation between the radon concentration and lung cancers.

scholarly journals In vivo diagnostics of early abiotic plant stress response via Raman spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (13) ◽  
pp. 3393-3396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narangerel Altangerel ◽  
Gombojav O. Ariunbold ◽  
Connor Gorman ◽  
Masfer H. Alkahtani ◽  
Eli J. Borrego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Concentration Levels

Development of a phenotyping platform capable of noninvasive biochemical sensing could offer researchers, breeders, and producers a tool for precise response detection. In particular, the ability to measure plant stress in vivo responses is becoming increasingly important. In this work, a Raman spectroscopic technique is developed for high-throughput stress phenotyping of plants. We show the early (within 48 h) in vivo detection of plant stress responses. Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides) plants were subjected to four common abiotic stress conditions individually: high soil salinity, drought, chilling exposure, and light saturation. Plants were examined poststress induction in vivo, and changes in the concentration levels of the reactive oxygen-scavenging pigments were observed by Raman microscopic and remote spectroscopic systems. The molecular concentration changes were further validated by commonly accepted chemical extraction (destructive) methods. Raman spectroscopy also allows simultaneous interrogation of various pigments in plants. For example, we found a unique negative correlation in concentration levels of anthocyanins and carotenoids, which clearly indicates that plant stress response is fine-tuned to protect against stress-induced damages. This precision spectroscopic technique holds promise for the future development of high-throughput screening for plant phenotyping and the quantification of biologically or commercially relevant molecules, such as antioxidants and pigments.

Gastrointestinal Diseases of Napoleon in Saint Helena: Causes of Death

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Di Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Gastric Lesion ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastric Disease ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Autopsy Report ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Chronic Arsenic Poisoning

The fact that Napoleon Ist died from gastric cancer seems to be well established. Arguments for the hypothesis of chronic arsenic poisoning have recently been developed in the literature. This study, focused on the gastrointestinal diseases of Napoleon in Saint Helena, is based on a confrontation between the clinical semiological anamnesis and the anatomical data in the autopsy report by F. Antommarchi. Napoleon presented several gastrointestinal diseases: gall-bladder lithiasis complicated with angio-cholitis, chronic colitis and certainly a gastric cancer. Death was consecutive to perforation of the gastric lesion leading to haemorragic vomitis and multiorgan failure. The description of the gastric lesions during autopsy is consistent with the diagnosis of cancer. The course of the clinical events is closely correlated with the anatomic lesions. There is strong evidence that Napoleon died from an acute complication of his gastric disease.

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