scholarly journals Resistance Exercise Reduces Skeletal Muscle Cachexia and Improves Muscle Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salaheddin Sharif ◽  
James M. Thomas ◽  
David A. Donley ◽  
Diana L. Gilleland ◽  
Daniel E. Bonner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rheumatoid Cachexia

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease associated with cachexia (reduced muscle and increased fat). Although strength-training exercise has been used in persons with RA, it is not clear if it is effective for reducing cachexia. A 46-year-old woman was studied to determine: (i) if resistance exercise could reverse cachexia by improving muscle mass, fiber cross-sectional area, and muscle function; and (2) if elevated apoptotic signaling was involved in cachexia with RA and could be reduced by resistance training. A needle biopsy was obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of the RA subject before and after 16 weeks of resistance training. Knee extensor strength increased by 13.6% and fatigue decreased by 2.8% Muscle mass increased by 2.1%. Average muscle fiber cross-sectional area increased by 49.7%, and muscle nuclei increased slightly after strength training from 0.08 to 0.12 nuclei/μm2. In addition, there was a slight decrease (1.6%) in the number of apoptotic muscle nuclei after resistance training. This case study suggests that resistance training may be a good tool for increasing the number of nuclei per fiber area, decreasing apoptotic nuclei, and inducing fiber hypertrophy in persons with RA, thereby slowing or reversing rheumatoid cachexia.

scholarly journals The Effects of Calcium-β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aging-Associated Apoptotic Signaling and Muscle Mass and Function in Unloaded but Nonatrophied Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscles of Aged Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Brian T. Bennett ◽  
Junaith S. Mohamed ◽  
Stephen E. Alway
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apoptotic Signaling

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), a naturally occurring leucine metabolite, has been shown to attenuate plantar flexor muscle loss and increase myogenic stem cell activation during reloading after a period of significant muscle wasting by disuse in old rodents. However, it was less clear if HMB would alter dorsiflexor muscle response to unloading or reloading when there was no significant atrophy that was induced by unloading. In this study, we tested if calcium HMB (Ca-HMB) would improve muscle function and alter apoptotic signaling in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of aged animals that were unloaded but did not undergo atrophy. The EDL muscle was unloaded for 14 days by hindlimb suspension (HS) in aged (34-36 mo.) male Fisher 344×Brown Norway rats. The rats were removed from HS and allowed normal cage ambulation for 14 days of reloading (R). Throughout the study, the rats were gavaged daily with 170 mg of Ca-HMB or water 7 days prior to HS, then throughout 14 days of HS and 14 days of recovery after removing HS. The animals’ body weights were significantly reduced by ~18% after 14 days of HS and continued to decline by ~22% during R as compared to control conditions; however, despite unloading, EDL did not atrophy by HS, nor did it increase in mass after R. No changes were observed in EDL twitch contraction time, force production, fatigue resistance, fiber cross-sectional area, or markers of nuclear apoptosis (myonuclei + satellite cells) after HS or R. While HS and R increased the proapoptotic Bax protein abundance, BCL-2 abundance was also increased as was the frequency of TUNEL-positive myonuclei and satellite cells, yet muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area did not change and Ca-HMB treatment had no effect reducing apoptotic signaling. These data indicate that (i) increased apoptotic signaling preceded muscle atrophy or occurred without significant EDL atrophy and (ii) that Ca-HMB treatment did not improve EDL signaling, muscle mass, or muscle function in aged rats, when HS and R did not impact mass or function.

scholarly journals Endurance training-induced increase in muscle oxidative capacity without loss of muscle mass in younger and older resistance-trained men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul William Hendrickse ◽  
Tomas Venckunas ◽  
Justinas Platkevicius ◽  
Ramutis Kairaitis ◽  
Sigitas Kamandulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhile concurrent training is regularly used in older populations, the inverse relationship between fibre size and oxidative capacity suggests that endurance training in resistance-trained individuals may result in some loss of resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass, which may be more pronounced in older people. We investigated the impact of superimposed endurance training in younger (28.5 ± 4.8 years; n = 8) and older (67.5 ± 5.5 years; n = 7) highly resistance-trained men. Participants underwent a 10-week endurance cycling training programme consisting of five 6-min intervals at 75% max heart rate (HRmax) separated by 4-min intervals at 90% HRmax. The anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the thigh muscles, as determined with MRI, was 24% smaller in older compared to younger participants (p < 0.001). Although maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was also lower in the older group (p < 0.001), VO2max per kg body mass did not differ significantly between younger and older participants. Histological analyses of biopsies of the m. vastus lateralis showed that endurance training induced an increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity in both younger and older participants (p ≤ 0.043), and an increase in the number of capillaries around type I fibres (p = 0.017). The superimposed endurance training did not induce a significant decrease in thigh ACSA, fibre cross-sectional area, or knee extensor maximum voluntary isometric force. These observations indicate that adding endurance training to resistance training can lead to positive endurance-related adaptations without negative consequences for muscle size and strength in older and younger resistance-trained people.

Serum Basal Hormone Concentrations and Muscle Mass in Aging Women: Effects of Strength Training and Diet

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Sallinen ◽  
Arto Pakarinen ◽  
Mikael Fogelholm ◽  
Elina Sillanpää ◽  
Markku Alen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nutritional Counseling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aging Women

This study examined the effects of strength training and diet on serum basal hormone concentrations and muscle mass in aging women. Fifty-one women age 49 to 74 y were divided into two groups: strength training and nutritional counseling (n = 25), and strength training (n = 26). Both groups performed strength training twice a week for 21 wk. Nutritional counseling was given to attain sufficient energy and protein intake and recommended intake of fat and fiber. We found that the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris increased by 9.5 ± 4.1% in the nutritional counseling group versus 6.8 ± 3.5% in the strength training only group after training (P < 0.052). Nutritional counseling evoked dietary changes such as increases in the proportion of energy from protein and the ratio of poly-unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Strength training increased testosterone and testosterone/sex hormone-binding globulin ratio after the first half of training, but these returned to baseline values at the end of the entire training period. Changes in serum basal hormone concentrations did not differ between the groups. Our results support the conclusion that nutritional counseling can contribute to the increase in the muscle cross-sectional area during prolonged strength training in aging women.

scholarly journals Muscles adaptation to aging and training: architectural changes – a randomised trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien J. Létocart ◽  
Franck Mabesoone ◽  
Fabrice Charleux ◽  
Christian Couppé ◽  
René B. Svensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repetition Maximum

Abstract Background To investigate how anatomical cross-sectional area and volume of quadriceps and triceps surae muscles were affected by ageing, and by resistance training in older and younger men, in vivo. Methods The old participants were randomly assigned to moderate (O55, n = 13) or high-load (O80, n = 14) resistance training intervention (12 weeks; 3 times/week) corresponding to 55% or 80% of one repetition maximum, respectively. Young men (Y55, n = 11) were assigned to the moderate-intensity strengthening exercise program. Each group received the exact same training volume on triceps surae and quadriceps group (Reps x Sets x Intensity). The fitting polynomial regression equations for each of anatomical cross-sectional area-muscle length curves were used to calculate muscle volume (contractile content) before and after 12 weeks using magnetic resonance imaging scans. Results Only Rectus femoris and medial gastrocnemius muscle showed a higher relative anatomical cross-sectional area in the young than the elderly on the proximal end. The old group displayed a higher absolute volume of non-contractile material than young men in triceps surae (+ 96%). After training, Y55, O55 and O80 showed an increase in total quadriceps (+ 4.3%; + 6.7%; 4.2% respectively) and triceps surae (+ 2.8%; + 7.5%; 4.3% respectively) volume. O55 demonstrated a greater increase on average gains compared to Y55, while no difference between O55 and O80 was observed. Conclusions Muscle loss with aging is region-specific for some muscles and uniform for others. Equivalent strength training volume at moderate or high intensities increased muscle volume with no differences in muscle volume gains for old men. These data suggest that physical exercise at moderate intensity (55 to 60% of one repetition maximum) can reverse the aging related loss of muscle mass. Trial registration NCT03079180 in ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration date: March 14, 2017.

Early resistance training-induced increases in muscle cross-sectional area are concomitant with edema-induced muscle swelling

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Damas ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips ◽  
Manoel E. Lixandrão ◽  
Felipe C. Vechin ◽  
Cleiton A. Libardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

scholarly journals The Nonlinear Relationship Between Psoas Cross-sectional Area and BMI: A New Observation and Its Insights into Diabetes Remission After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobo Li ◽  
Haoyong Yu ◽  
Pin Zhang ◽  
Yinfang Tu ◽  
Yunfeng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Diabetes Remission ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE <p>To<a> explore the potential relevance of muscle mass as a variable contributor to body mass index (BMI) on BMI limitations in predicting diabetes remission (DR) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). </a></p> <p> </p> <p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</p> <p>We evaluated the relationship between muscle mass and BMI in 501 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity. Of which <a>186 patients who underwent R</a>YGB were <a>studied to determine the role of baseline muscle mass </a><a>and BMI </a>in predicting DR. Muscle mass was assessed by estimated fat-free mass index (eFFMI) and psoas cross-sectional area (CSA).</p> <p> </p> <p>RESULTS</p> <p>A non-linear relationship existed between psoas CSA and BMI, whereas psoas CSA showed a highly positive correlation with <a>eFFMI</a>. Baseline psoas CSA and eFFMI were better than BMI for predicting 1- and 5-year DR. </p> <p> </p> <p>CONCLUSIONS</p> <p><a>The </a><a>non-linear relationship between</a> muscle mass and BMI may <a>partially contribute to </a><a>BMI limitations in predicting DR</a> after RYGB. </p>

scholarly journals Inorganic Arsenic Exposure Decreases Muscle Mass and Enhances Denervation-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3057
Author(s):  
Chang-Mu Chen ◽  
Min-Ni Chung ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Lan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid. Infants with a low birth-weight have been observed in areas with high-level arsenic in drinking water ranging from 463 to 1025 μg/L. A distal muscular atrophy side effect has been observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients treated with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) for therapy. The potential of As2O3 on muscle atrophy remains to be clarified. In this study, the myoatrophic effect of arsenic was evaluated in normal mice and sciatic nerve denervated mice exposed with or without As2O3 (0.05 and 0.5 ppm) in drinking water for 4 weeks. We found that both 0.05 and 0.5 ppm As2O3 increased the fasting plasma glucose level; but only 0.5 ppm arsenic exposure significantly decreased muscle mass, muscle endurance, and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and increased muscle Atrogin-1 protein expression in the normal mice. Both 0.05 and 0.5 ppm As2O3 also significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects on muscle endurance, muscle mass, and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and increased the effect on muscle Atrogin-1 protein expression in the denervated mice. These in vivo results suggest that inorganic arsenic at doses relevant to humans may possess myoatrophic potential.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document