scholarly journals Endoscopic Treatment of Obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Swidnicka-Siergiejko ◽  
Eugeniusz Wróblewski ◽  
Andrzej Dabrowski
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Bridge To Surgery ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Endoscopic Methods ◽  
Malabsorptive Procedures

BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents will be reflected by the imminent increase in the number of obese patients who require more definitive methods of treatment. There is great interest in new, safe, simple, nonsurgical procedures for weight loss.OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of new endoscopic methods for the treatment of obesity.METHODS: An English-language literature search on endoscopic interventions, endoscopically placed devices and patient safety was performed in the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases.RESULTS: The literature search yielded the following weight loss methods: space-occupying devices (widely used), gastric capacity reduction, modifying gastric motor function and malabsorptive procedures. A commercially available intragastric balloon was the most commonly used device for weight loss. In specific subgroups of patients, it improved quality of life, decreased comorbidities and served as a bridge to surgery. More evidence regarding the potential benefits and safety of other commercially available intragastric balloons is needed to clarify whether they are superior to the most commonly used one. Moreover, early experiences with transoral gastroplasty, the duodenaljejunal bypass sleeve and an adjustable, totally implantable intragastric prosthesis, indicate that they may be viable options for obesity treatment. Other agents, such as botulinum toxin and a device known as the ‘butterfly’, are currently at the experimental stage.CONCLUSION: New endoscopic methods for weight loss may be valuable in the treatment of obesity; however, more clinical experience and technical improvements are necessary before implementing their widespread use.

Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: Analyzing Published Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Pastor ◽  
Josep A. Tur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background: Several drugs have been currently approved for the treatment of obesity. The pharmacokinetic of liraglutide, as well as the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been widely described. Objective: To analyze the published systematic reviews on the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Methods: Systematic reviews were found out through MEDLINE searches, through EBSCO host and the Cochrane Library based on the following terms: "liraglutide" as major term and using the following Medical Subject Headings (MesH) terms: "obesity", "overweight", "weight loss". A total of 3 systematic reviews were finally included to be analyzed. Results: From the three systematic reviews selected, only two included the randomized clinical trials, while the third study reviewed both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Only one review performed statistical tests of heterogeneity and a meta-analysis, combining the results of individual studies. Another review showed the results of individual studies with odds ratio and confidence interval, but a second one just showed the means and confidence intervals. In all studies, weight loss was registered in persons treated with liraglutide in a dose dependent form, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mg dose, which was reached just in men. Most usual adverse events were gastrointestinal. Conclusion: More powerful and prospective studies are needed to assess all aspects related to liraglutide in the overweight and obesity treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Orthodontic Therapy on Periodontal Health: A Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Alfuriji ◽  
Nora Alhazmi ◽  
Nasir Alhamlan ◽  
Ali Al-Ehaideb ◽  
Moatazbellah Alruwaithi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy

Objectives.This review aims to evaluate the effect of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health.Data.Original articles that reported on the effect of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health were included. The reference lists of potentially relevant review articles were also sought.Sources.A literature search was conducted using the databases, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for relevant studies. The search was carried out by using a combined text and the MeSH search strategies: using the key words in different combinations: “periodontal disease,” “orthodontics” and “root resorption.” This was supplemented by hand-searching in peer-reviewed journals and cross-referenced with the articles accessed. Articles published only in English language were included. Letters to the Editor, historical reviews and unpublished articles were not sought.Conclusions.Within the limitations of the present literature review, it was observed that there is a very close inter-relationship between the periodontal health and the outcome of orthodontic therapy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Hyperlipidemia: A Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Al Khalifa ◽  
Ahmed Al Ansari ◽  
Abdul Rahim Alsayed ◽  
Claudio Violato
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Preoperative Body Mass Index ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background. Weight loss and reduction in comorbidities can be achieved by longitudinal sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Existing evidence suggests that LSG resolves or improves hyperlipidemia in morbidly obese patients. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of LSG on hyperlipidemia.Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted from English-language studies published from 2000 to 2012 for the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Clinical evidence, Scopus, Dara, Web of Sciences, TRIP, Health Technology Database, Cochrane library, and PsycINFO.Results. A total of 4,211 articles were identified in the initial search, and 4,185 articles were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review, involving 3,591 patients. The mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was48±7.0 kg/m2(range 37.2–65.3). The mean postoperative BMI was 35 ± 5.9 kg/m2(range 26.3–49). The mean percentage of excess weight loss (EWL) was 63.1% (range 37.7–84.5), with a mean followup of 19.1 months (range 6–60). The mean levels of pre and post operative cholesterol were 194.4 ± 12.3 mg/dL (range 178–213) and 181 ± 16.3 mg/dL (range 158–200), respectively.Conclusion. Most patients with hyperlipidemia showed improvement or resolution of lipid profiles after LSG. Based on this systematic review, LSG has a significant effect on hyperlipidemia in the form of resolution or improvement in the majority of patients.

scholarly journals Management of ureteric avulsion during ureteroscopy: a systematic review and our experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ashwin Shekar ◽  
Gaurav Kochhar ◽  
Dinesh Reddy ◽  
Anuj Dumra
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Intraoperative Complication ◽  
Distal Ureter ◽  
The Common ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Ureteric avulsion is a disastrous intraoperative complication that can happen to any urologist during a common endoscopic procedure like ureteroscopy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the various management options of ureteric avulsion during ureteroscopy and also report our relevant experience in this topic. Results The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of existing literature in English language was used in the period 1967–2019 with a literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Forty-three patients in twenty-three articles who had undergone management of ureteric avulsion during ureteroscopy were identified for review. There were 15 proximal, 19 two-point (“scabbard”) and 9 distal avulsions. All distal avulsions were managed successfully with ureteroneocystostomies or Boari flaps. Boari flaps and ureteropyelostomy with ureterovesicostomy were the common procedures used for proximal avulsions. Proximal avulsions had more varied outcomes with salvage rates of 86.9%. Procedures which incorporated the avulsed distal ureter for reconstruction had poor results. Conclusion Management of ureteric avulsion during ureteroscopy is a surgical challenge. While management of distal avulsions is straightforward in the form of ureteroneocystostomies and has uniformly good results in most hands, proximal avulsions need expertise in management and choosing ideal reconstruction, with variable results following reconstruction. Extended Boari flaps, ileal ureter and autotransplantation are good options for proximal avulsions. Reconstruction using the distal avascular ureter should be avoided for better long-term results.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Pulse Oximetry in the Presence of Fetal Hemoglobin—A Systematic Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Ena Pritišanac ◽  
Berndt Urlesberger ◽  
Bernhard Schwaberger ◽  
Gerhard Pichler
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
English Language ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Neonatal Blood ◽  
The Impact

Continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) is the main method to guide respiratory and oxygen support in neonates during postnatal stabilization and after admission to neonatal intensive care unit. The accuracy of these devices is therefore crucial. The presence of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in neonatal blood might affect SpO2 readings. We performed a systematic qualitative review to investigate the impact of HbF on SpO2 accuracy in neonates. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health database (CINAHL) and Cochrane library databases were searched from inception to January 2021 for human studies in the English language, which compared arterial oxygen saturations (SaO2) from neonatal blood with SpO2 readings and included HbF measurements in their reports. Ten observational studies were included. Eight studies reported SpO2-SaO2 bias that ranged from −3.6%, standard deviation (SD) 2.3%, to +4.2% (SD 2.4). However, it remains unclear to what extent this depends on HbF. Five studies showed that an increase in HbF changes the relation of partial oxygen pressure (paO2) to SpO2, which is physiologically explained by the leftward shift in oxygen dissociation curve. It is important to be aware of this shift when treating a neonate, especially for the lower SpO2 limits in preterm neonates to avoid undetected hypoxia.

scholarly journals Reporting of post-operative rehabilitation interventions for Total knee arthroplasty: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Bakaa ◽  
Lu Hsi Chen ◽  
Lisa Carlesso ◽  
Julie Richardson ◽  
Luciana Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Total Knee

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the completeness of reporting of exercise adherence and exercise interventions delivered as part of clinical trials of post-operative total knee replacement (TKA) rehabilitation. Design: Scoping review Literature search A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library. Study selection criteria All randomized controlled trials (RCT) that examined post-operative exercise-based interventions for total knee arthroplasty were eligible for inclusion. Studies that were multifactorial or contained exercise interventions for both hip and knee arthroplasty were also included. Data synthesis The definition, type of measurement used and outcome for exercise adherence were collected and analyzed descreptively. Quality of reporting of exercise interventions were assessed using the Consensus for Exercise Reporting Tool (CERT) and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results There were a total of 112 RCTs included in this review. The majority of RCTs (63%, n = 71) did not report exercise adherence. Only 23% (n = 15) of studies provided a definition of adherence. RCTs were of poor quality, with 85% (n = 95) of studies having high or unclear risk of bias. Reporting of exercise interventions was poor, with only 4 items (of 19) (21%) of the CERT adequately reported (88–99%), with other items not fulfilled on at least 60% of the RCTs. There were no RCTs that had fulfilled all the criteria for the CERT. Conclusion The RCTs included in this study poorly reported exercise adherence, as well as description of the post-operative TKA rehabilitation intervention. Future RCTs should use valid and reliable measures of adherence and a proper tool for reporting of exercise interventions (e.g., CERT, TiDER). Pre-registration OSF:https://osf.io/9ku8a/

scholarly journals The Rheumatology Drugs for COVID-19 Management: Which and When?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Fabiola Atzeni ◽  
Ignazio Francesco Masala ◽  
Javier Rodríguez-Carrio ◽  
Roberto Ríos-Garcés ◽  
Elisabetta Gerratana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Immunomodulatory Drugs ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Game Changer

Introduction: While waiting for the development of specific antiviral therapies and vaccines to effectively neutralize the SARS-CoV2, a relevant therapeutic strategy is to counteract the hyperinflammatory status, characterized by an increase mainly of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which hallmarks the most severe clinical cases. ‘Repurposing’ immunomodulatory drugs and applying clinical management approved for rheumatic diseases represents a game-changer option. In this article, we will review the drugs that have indication in patients with COVID-19, including corticosteroids, antimalarials, anti-TNF, anti-IL-1, anti-IL-6, baricitinib, intravenous immunoglobulins, and colchicine. The PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for English-language papers concerning COVID-19 treatment published between January 2020 and October 2020. Results were summarized as a narrative review due to large heterogeneity among studies. In the absence of specific treatments, the use of immunomodulatory drugs could be advisable in severe COVID-19 patients, but clinical outcomes are still suboptimal. An early detection and treatment of the complications combined with a multidisciplinary approach could allow a better recovery of these patients.

scholarly journals 303 What goes bump in the night? A literature review and noise exposure experiment in a UK paediatric emergency department

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 841.1-841
Author(s):  
Lucy Hall ◽  
Sophie Dando ◽  
Anthony Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Paediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Paediatric Emergency ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Exposure Experiment

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundIn the Emergency department (ED), noise is a frequent and often unavoidable consequence of work undertaken and levels can often be raised during the day and night. Raised ambient noise levels have potential implications for the workforce, patients and relatives.Investigation into the problem of noise levels in the ED follows feedback from a young patient who couldn’t sleep during a prolonged stay. His complaint focused on loud, irregular banging noises such as those from closing bins that kept him awake.The team felt work should be done to see if it was a wider spread problem or just isolated to his case. A simple sound recording experiment and literature search was conducted.Methods/DesignThe literature search was conducted using electronic/online databases (Medline; Cochrane library) with a fixed date range and specific inclusion criteria.The noise exposure experiment was conducted using a verified phone app to record the sound levels. They were measured at 3 times, during a night shift, in the paediatric emergency department of UHW. All measurements were at a fixed distance and were averaged and compared with WHO recommendations.Results/ConclusionsThere are many sources of noise pollution in the ED, some are unavoidable for safety and clinical reasons.The literature review produced a small number of papers all of which found that sound levels were raised above recommended levels. Similarly, all the sounds measured in the ED also exceeded the recommendations.The most consistent finding across the papers, matched by findings from recordings, was that human behavioural modification is an easy and effective way to reduce noise levels.There are simple steps that can be taken to reduce and eliminate soundsRaising awareness regarding this problem is of great importance and focussing future work on assessing the impact in younger patients within the Emergency Department is paramount.

scholarly journals Emotional Eating and Weight Status in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Christine A. Limbers ◽  
Emma Summers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
English Language ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
The One

Background: Despite evidence that emotional eating is associated with weight gain in adults, less is known about this association in adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the association between emotional eating and weight status in adolescents. This study also sought to describe existing measures of emotional eating in adolescents and explore weight-loss interventions that assessed emotional eating in relation to weight status in this population. Methods: Two independent reviewers searched the database PubMed for published or in press peer-reviewed studies that assessed the association between emotional eating and weight status in adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Studies were excluded from this review if they were not written in the English language, did not include a measure of emotional eating, or were a dissertation study. Results: A total of 13 studies met full inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Of the six longitudinal studies in the review, only one found a prospective association between emotional eating and weight status. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was the most widely used measure of emotional eating in the systematic review (n = 6; 46.2%). The one intervention study included in this review found that baseline emotional eating was not associated with weight outcomes 2 years following gastric bypass surgery in obese Swedish adolescents (13–18 years). Conclusions: While there were some inconsistent findings across the studies included in this review, taken as a whole, the results largely do not support an association between emotional eating and elevated weight status or reduced weight loss in adolescents.

Challenges in Treating Chlamydia trachomatis, Including Rectal Infections: Is It Time to Go Back to Doxycycline?

2021 ◽  
pp. 106002802110299
Author(s):  
S. Lena Kang-Birken
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: To evaluate recent publications on efficacy of single-dose azithromycin and 7-day doxycycline when treating Chlamydia trachomatis. Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane library was conducted (1990 to June 13, 2021) using the terms: Chlamydia trachomatis, genital chlamydia, rectal chlamydia, extragenital chlamydia, azithromycin, doxycycline, and treatment guidelines. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched to identify ongoing trials. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English language studies, including controlled studies, retrospective analyses, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and case reports, reporting microbiological or clinical outcomes in adolescents and adults were considered. Data Synthesis: Systemic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized trials reported azithromycin efficacy of 96% to 97% in genital chlamydia. However, reports of treatment failure have emerged, especially among symptomatic males, with an increased risk of microbiological failure after azithromycin than doxycycline (relative risk = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.36-4.41). Retrospective analyses and prospective observational cohort studies reported lower efficacy range following azithromycin than doxycycline (74%-87% vs 92%-100%, respectively) in rectal chlamydia. First randomized controlled trial comparing azithromycin and doxycycline reported significantly higher microbiological cure following doxycycline, with absolute difference of 26% (95% CI = 16%-36%; P < 0.001). The proposed 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention treatment guidelines designate doxycycline as the preferred agent for treatment at any site. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: A growing body of evidence for treatment failure following azithromycin, especially in rectal chlamydia supports updating current practice. Conclusions: Doxycycline continues to achieve high efficacy in genital and rectal chlamydia. Clinicians should consider efficacy with convenience of dosing regimen, medication compliance, and sexual behavior risks when treating chlamydia infections.

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