scholarly journals Force Characteristics of the Rat Sternomastoid Muscle Reinnervated with End-to-End Nerve Repair

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Sobotka ◽  
Liancai Mu
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Tetanic Force ◽  
End To End ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Maximal Tetanic Force

The goal of this study was to establish force data for the rat sternomastoid (SM) muscle after reinnervation with nerve end-to-end anastomosis (EEA), which could be used as a baseline for evaluating the efficacy of new reinnervation techniques. The SM muscle on one side was paralyzed by transecting its nerve and then EEA was performed at different time points: immediate EEA, 1-month and 3-month delay EEA. At the end of 3-month recovery period, the magnitude of functional recovery of the reinnervated SM muscle was evaluated by measuring muscle force and comparing with the force of the contralateral control muscle. Our results demonstrated that the immediately reinnervated SM produced approximately 60% of the maximal tetanic force of the control. The SM with delayed nerve repair yielded approximately 40% of the maximal force. Suboptimal recovery of muscle force after EEA demonstrates the importance of developing alternative surgical techniques to treat muscle paralysis.

scholarly journals Sensory Recovery Outcome after Digital Nerve Repair in Relation to Different Reconstructive Techniques: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix J. Paprottka ◽  
Petra Wolf ◽  
Yves Harder ◽  
Yasmin Kern ◽  
Philipp M. Paprottka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Digital Nerve ◽  
Nerve Reconstruction ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Sensory Recovery ◽  
End To End

Good clinical outcome after digital nerve repair is highly relevant for proper hand function and has a significant socioeconomic impact. However, level of evidence for competing surgical techniques is low. The aim is to summarize and compare the outcomes of digital nerve repair with different methods (end-to-end and end-to-side coaptations, nerve grafts, artificial conduit-, vein-, muscle, and muscle-in-vein reconstructions, and replantations) to provide an aid for choosing an individual technique of nerve reconstruction and to create reference values of standard repair for nonrandomized clinical studies. 87 publications including 2,997 nerve repairs were suitable for a precise evaluation. For digital nerve repairs there was practically no particular technique superior to another. Only end-to-side coaptation had an inferior two-point discrimination in comparison to end-to-end coaptation or nerve grafting. Furthermore, this meta-analysis showed that youth was associated with an improved sensory recovery outcome in patients who underwent digital replantation. For end-to-end coaptations, recent publications had significantly better sensory recovery outcomes than older ones. Given minor differences in outcome, the main criteria in choosing an adequate surgical technique should be gap length and donor site morbidity caused by graft material harvesting. Our clinical experience was used to provide a decision tree for digital nerve repair.

scholarly journals Effects of emphysema and training on glutathione oxidation in the hamster diaphragm

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2054-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo M. A. Heunks ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
Cees L. A. van Herwaarden ◽  
Guido R. M. M. Haenen ◽  
P. N. Richard Dekhuijzen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Tetanic Force ◽  
Twitch Force ◽  
Glutathione Oxidation ◽  
And Training ◽  
Glutathione Redox ◽  
Maximal Tetanic Force

Loading of skeletal muscles is associated with increased generation of oxidants, which in turn may impair muscle contractility. We investigated whether the load on the hamster diaphragm imposed by pulmonary emphysema induces oxidative stress, as indicated by glutathione oxidation, and whether the degree of glutathione oxidation is correlated with contractility of the diaphragm. In addition, the effect of 12 wk of treadmill exercise training on contractility and glutathione content in the normal (NH) and emphysematous hamster (EH) diaphragm was investigated. Training started 6 mo after elastase instillation. After the training period, glutathione content and in vitro contractility of the diaphragm were determined. Twitch force and maximal tetanic force were significantly reduced (by ∼30 and ∼15%, respectively) in EH compared with NH. In sedentary hamsters, the GSSG-to-GSH ratio was significantly elevated in the EH compared with the NH diaphragm. A significant inverse correlation was found between GSSG-to-GSH ratio and twitch force in the diaphragm ( P < 0.01). Training improved maximal tetanic force and reduced fatigability of the EH diaphragm but did not alter its glutathione content. In conclusion, 1) emphysema induces oxidative stress in the diaphragm, 2) training improves the contractile properties of the EH diaphragm, and 3) this improvement is not accompanied by changes in glutathione redox status.

Muscle force characteristics of male and female collegiate cross-country runners during overground running

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-551
Author(s):  
C. Nathan Vannatta ◽  
Thomas G. Almonroeder ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek ◽  
Stacey Meardon
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Cross Country Runners ◽  
Force Characteristics

The fate of motoneurons in the spinal cord after peripheral nerve repair: a quantitative study using the neural tracer horseradish peroxidase

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629
Author(s):  
Joyce A. Gilmour ◽  
Lynn M. Myles ◽  
Michael A. Glasby
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Muscle Graft ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Motoneuron Pool

✓ This study assessed the changes that occurred in the spinal motoneuron pool after the repair of a specific peripheral nerve by means of several clinically appropriate surgical techniques: nerve graft, muscle graft, and epineurial suture. The motoneuron pool relating to a single muscle was assessed at 50, 100, 200, and 300 days after repair via retrograde axonal transport of the neural tracer horseradish peroxidase. The results indicate that although a small portion of the motoneuron population dies following peripheral nerve surgery, this is not a significant number. The majority of the anterior horn cells appear to have the ability to both survive nerve transection and form new functional connections with the regenerated nerve after repair. The degree of cell loss is influenced by the nature of the injury and the method of repair implemented. Injuries involving neurotmesis result in the loss of a greater proportion of the cell population than less severe injuries involving axonotmesis. A greater proportion of the motoneuron population is preserved when the severed nerve has been repaired using a direct epineurial suture than when repair is achieved by means of a graft. The two methods of grafting produced comparable results, although the muscle graft tended to result in the preservation of a greater number of cells than the nerve graft, making it an acceptable alternative method for the surgical repair of short gaps in peripheral nerves.

Mapping Together Kinetic and Kinematic Abilities of the Hand

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Drost ◽  
Hyokyoung G. Hong ◽  
Tamara Reid Bush
Keyword(s):  
Hand Function ◽  
Coordinate Space ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Kinematic Space ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
Finger Forces ◽  
Finger Posture ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Force Characteristics

Abstract Millions of people have reduced hand function; this loss of function can be due to injury, disease, or aging. Loss of hand function is identified as reduced motion abilities in the fingers or a decrease in the ability of the fingers to generate force. Unfortunately, there are limited data available regarding each finger's ability to produce force and how those force characteristics vary with changes in finger posture. To relate motion and force abilities of the fingers, first, an approach to measure and map them together is needed. The goal of this work was to develop and demonstrate a method to quantify the force abilities of the fingers and map these forces to the kinematic space associated with each finger. Using motion capture and multiaxis load cells, finger forces were quantified at different positions over their ranges of motion. These two sets of data were then converted to the same coordinate space and mapped together. Further, the data were normalized for the index finger and mapped as a population space model. The ability to quantify motion and force data for each finger and map them together will provide an improved understanding of the effects of treatments and rehabilitation, identifying functional loss due to injury or disease, and device design.

scholarly journals Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction after Injury: A Review of Clinical and Experimental Therapies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Grinsell ◽  
C. P. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Nerve Reconstruction ◽  
Nerve Transfers ◽  
Experimental Therapies ◽  
Surgical Options

Unlike other tissues in the body, peripheral nerve regeneration is slow and usually incomplete. Less than half of patients who undergo nerve repair after injury regain good to excellent motor or sensory function and current surgical techniques are similar to those described by Sunderland more than 60 years ago. Our increasing knowledge about nerve physiology and regeneration far outweighs our surgical abilities to reconstruct damaged nerves and successfully regenerate motor and sensory function. It is technically possible to reconstruct nerves at the fascicular level but not at the level of individual axons. Recent surgical options including nerve transfers demonstrate promise in improving outcomes for proximal nerve injuries and experimental molecular and bioengineering strategies are being developed to overcome biological roadblocks limiting patient recovery.

Seasonal variation in muscle fatigue in the sartorius muscle of the frog Rana pipiens

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1712-1715
Author(s):  
Jean Marc Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sartorius Muscle ◽  
Tetanic Force ◽  
Fatigue Development ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Force Recovery ◽  
Frog Sartorius

The goal of this study was to determine whether seasonal variation occurs in the rates of fatigue development and force recovery in the frog sartorius muscle. The data were gathered from different experiments performed during a 6-year period (1983–1989). All frog sartorius muscles were stimulated to fatigue with tetanic contractions at the rate of 1/s for 3 min. The decrease in tetanic force after 1.5 and 3 min of stimulation was relatively consistent throughout the year. The only significant difference occurred in the muscles tested in September and October, which were less fatigue resistant than those tested in December. Following fatigue, muscles were stimulated at the rate of one contraction every 100 s, so that the recovery of tetanic force could be followed. A large and significant seasonal variation was observed in the recovery period. Frog sartorius muscles tested between March and July recovered their tetanic force at a faster rate than those tested between August and October. It was shown that the highest capacity to recover force coincides with the time of the year when frogs are the most active.

Alternative Pharmacotherapy Paradigm to Cataract Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Hon-Vu Q Duong ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Cataract Extraction ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Post Surgery

Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide and cataract extraction is the treatment of choice and leads to an improvement in the quality of life. Surgical techniques are refined and complex and yield an extremely high rate of success with a short recovery period. To further maximize surgical outcomes, post-operative treatments of uncomplicated cataract extraction include three topical pharmaceutical agents: an antimicrobial, a potent corticosteroid, and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Studies have shown the importance of antimicrobial prophylaxis in reducing ocular infection and endophthalmitis with the use of the newer generation of fluoroquinolones. Furthermore, the usages of topical corticosteroids and NSAIDs have reduced and prevented anterior chamber inflammation and macular edema, respectively. The regimen, however, varies among ophthalmologists because of a lack of published data that establishes the optimal regimen. Although the technological advances in cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) development are well documented, the pre-, peri-, and post-operative treatment paradigm since the 1970s and 1980s has not deviated much until recently, with the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery endophthalmitis study and other studies addressing the necessity of topical steroid. Also rising costs, better surgical technologies, and advancements in IOL development, should ophthalmologists maintain a three-drug regimen post-surgery or tailor the post-operative management to the individual patient?

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