scholarly journals Examining Brain-Cognition Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract: Brain Activation in the Left Temporal and Left Prefrontal Cortex in an Object Working Memory Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Silberstein ◽  
A. Pipingas ◽  
J. Song ◽  
D. A. Camfield ◽  
P. J. Nathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

Ginkgo Biloba extract (GBE) is increasingly used to alleviate symptoms of age related cognitive impairment, with preclinical evidence pointing to a pro-cholinergic effect. While a number of behavioral studies have reported improvements to working memory (WM) associated with GBE, electrophysiological studies of GBE have typically been limited to recordings during a resting state. The current study investigated the chronic effects of GBE on steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) topography in nineteen healthy middle-aged (50-61 year old) male participants whilst completing an object WM task. A randomized double-blind crossover design was employed in which participants were allocated to receive 14 days GBE and 14 days placebo in random order. For both groups, SSVEP was recorded from 64 scalp electrode sites during the completion of an object WM task both pre- and 14 days post-treatment. GBE was found to improve behavioural performance on the WM task. GBE was also found to increase the SSVEP amplitude at occipital and frontal sites and increase SSVEP latency at left temporal and left frontal sites during the hold component of the WM task. These SSVEP changes associated with GBE may represent more efficient processing during WM task completion.

Treatment of age-related memory complaints with Ginkgo biloba extract: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled study

Phytomedicine ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R.H. Brautigam ◽  
F.A. Blommaert ◽  
G. Verleye ◽  
J. Castermans ◽  
E.N.H. Jansen Steur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Age Related

Age-related laterality shifts in auditory and attention networks with normal ageing: Effects on a working memory task

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanani Abdul Manan ◽  
Elizabeth A. Franz ◽  
Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff ◽  
Siti Zamratol-Mai Sarah Mukari
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Ageing Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Normal Ageing

scholarly journals Emotional Working Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Mammarella ◽  
Beth Fairfield
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dementia Of Alzheimer’S Type

A number of recent studies have reported that working memory does not seem to show typical age-related deficits in healthy older adults when emotional information is involved. Differently, studies about the short-term ability to encode and actively manipulate emotional information in dementia of Alzheimer’s type are few and have yielded mixed results. Here, we review behavioural and neuroimaging evidence that points to a complex interaction between emotion modulation and working memory in Alzheimer’s. In fact, depending on the function involved, patients may or may not show an emotional benefit in their working memory performance. In addition, this benefit is not always clearly biased (e.g., towards negative or positive information). We interpret this complex pattern of results as a consequence of the interaction between multiple factors including the severity of Alzheimer’s disease, the nature of affective stimuli, and type of working memory task.

Examining Positivity Effect and Working Memory in Young-Old and Very Old Adults Using EEG-Derived Cognitive State Metrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1014-1035
Author(s):  
Joelle C. Ruthig ◽  
Dmitri P. Poltavski ◽  
Thomas Petros
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Old

The positivity effect among older adults is a tendency to process more positive and/or less negative emotional stimuli compared to younger adults, with unknown upper age boundaries. Cognitive and emotional working memory were assessed in young-old adults (60–75) and very old adults (VOAs; 80+) to determine whether emotional working memory declines similar to the age-related decline of cognitive working memory. The moderating role of valence on the link between age and emotional working memory was examined to identify change in positivity effect with advanced age. Electroencephalography (EEG) markers of cognitive workload and engagement were obtained to test the theory of cognitive resource allocation in older adults’ emotional stimuli processing. EEG recordings were collected during cognitive memory task and emotional working memory tasks that required rating emotional intensity of images pairs. Results indicate a positivity effect among VOAs that does not require additional cognitive effort and is not likely to diminish with age.

Age-related effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on synaptic plasticity and excitability

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryn Williams ◽  
Coran M.H Watanabe ◽  
Peter G Schultz ◽  
Gerald Rimbach ◽  
Thomas Krucker
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Age-related increase of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in micePrevention by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761)

2001 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 969-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schindowski ◽  
S. Leutner ◽  
S. Kressmann ◽  
A. Eckert ◽  
W. E. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Related Increase

scholarly journals Working memory, cortical dopamine tone, and frontoparietal brain recruitment in post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Westphal ◽  
Michael E. Ballard ◽  
Nicholas Rodriguez ◽  
Taylor A. Vega ◽  
Mark D’Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) leads to impairments in both cognitive and affective functioning. Animal work suggests that chronic stress reduces dopamine tone, and both animal and human studies argue that changes in dopamine tone influence working memory, a core executive function. These findings give rise to the hypothesis that increasing cortical dopamine tone in individuals with greater PTSD symptomatology should improve working memory performance. In this pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, 30 US military veterans exhibiting a range of PTSD severity completed an emotional working memory task. Each subject received both placebo and the catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor tolcapone, which increases cortical dopamine tone, in randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced fashion. Mnemonic discriminability (calculated with d′, an index of the detectability of working memory signals) and response bias were evaluated in the context of task-related brain activations. Subjects with more severe PTSD showed both greater tolcapone-mediated improvements in d′ and larger tolcapone-mediated reductions in liberally-biased responding for fearful stimuli. FMRI revealed that tolcapone augmented activity within bilateral frontoparietal control regions during the decision phase of the task. Specifically, tolcapone increased cortical responses to fearful relative to neutral stimuli in higher severity PTSD subjects, and reduced cortical responses to fearful stimuli for lower severity PTSD subjects. Moreover, tolcapone modulated prefrontal connectivity with areas overlapping the default mode network. These findings suggest that enhancing cortical dopamine tone may represent an approach to remediating cognitive and affective dysfunction in individuals with more severe PTSD symptoms.

scholarly journals What affects the magnitude of age-related dual-task costs in working memory? The role of stimulus domain and access to semantic representations

2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182097074
Author(s):  
Agnieszka J Jaroslawska ◽  
Stephen Rhodes ◽  
Clément Belletier ◽  
Jason M Doherty ◽  
Nelson Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Semantic Representations ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Concurrent Processing ◽  
Age Related

Although there is evidence that the effect of including a concurrent processing demand on the storage of information in working memory is disproportionately larger for older than younger adults, not all studies show this age-related impairment, and the critical factors responsible for any such impairment remain elusive. Here we assess whether domain overlap between storage and processing activities, and access to semantic representations, are important determinants of performance in a sample of younger and older adults ( N = 119). We developed four versions of a processing task by manipulating the type of stimuli involved (either verbal or non-verbal) and the decision that participants had to make about the stimuli presented on the screen. Participants either had to perform a spatial judgement, in deciding whether the verbal or non-verbal item was presented above or below the centre of the screen, or a semantic judgement, in deciding whether the stimulus refers to something living or not living. The memory task was serial-ordered recall of visually presented letters. The study revealed a large increase in age-related memory differences when concurrent processing was required. These differences were smaller when storage and processing activities both used verbal materials. Dual-task effects on processing were also disproportionate for older adults. Age differences in processing performance appeared larger for tasks requiring spatial decisions rather than semantic decisions. We discuss these findings in relation to three competing frameworks of working memory and the extant literature on cognitive ageing.

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