scholarly journals Efficacy and Effectiveness of Exercise on Tender Points in Adults with Fibromyalgia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Arthritis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Kelley ◽  
Kristi S. Kelley ◽  
Dina L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tender Points ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Intervention Trials

Fibromyalgia is a major public health problem affecting an estimated 200 to 400 million people worldwide. The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of randomized controlled exercise intervention trials (aerobic, strength training, or both) on tender points (TPs) in adults with fibromyalgia. Using random effects models and 95% confidence intervals (CI), a statistically significant reduction in TPs was observed based on per-protocol analyses (8 studies representing 322 participants) but not intention-to-treat analyses (5 studies representing 338 participants) (per-protocol, , −0.68, 95% CI, −1.16, −0.20; intention-to-treat, , −0.24, 95% CI, −0.62, 0.15). Changes were equivalent to relative reductions of 10.9% and 6.9%, respectively, for per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. It was concluded that exercise is efficacious for reducing TPs in women with FM. However, a need exists for additional well-designed and reported studies on this topic.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Interventions on Weight, Body Mass Index, Lean Body Mass and Accumulated Visceral Fat in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2635
Author(s):  
Hyun Suk Lee ◽  
Junga Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled

(1) Background: Exercise interventions for overweight and obese individuals help reduce accumulated visceral fat, which is an indicator of cardiometabolic risk, but the effectiveness of these interventions is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in overweight and obese individuals in order to reduce weight, body mass index (BMI), and accumulated visceral fat, and increase lean body mass. (2) Methods: Databases were used to select eligible studies for this meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials with control and experimental groups were included. The degrees of effectiveness of the exercise interventions were computed to assess the benefits on reducing weight, BMI, and accumulated visceral fat, and increasing lean body mass. (3) Results: Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Participation in exercise interventions reduced weight (d = −0.58 (95% confidence interval (CI), −0.84–−0.31; p < 0.001; k = 9)), BMI (d = −0.50 (95% CI, −0.78–−0.21; p < 0.001; k = 7)), and accumulated visceral fat (d = −1.08 (95% CI, −1.60–−0.57; p < 0.001; k = 5)), but did not significantly increase lean body mass (d = 0.26 (95% CI, −0.11–0.63; p = 0.17; k = 6)). The average exercise intervention for overweight and obese individuals was of moderate to vigorous intensity, 4 times per week, 50 min per session, and 22 weeks duration. (4) Conclusions: Participating in exercise interventions has favorable effects on weight, BMI, and accumulated visceral fat. Further studies considering different modalities, intensities, durations, and measurements of fatness need to be conducted.

scholarly journals Pharmacological and behavioural interventions to promote smoking cessation in adults with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e027389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pearsall ◽  
Daniel J Smith ◽  
John R Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveSmoking in people with serious mental illness is a major public health problem and contributes to significant levels of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the review was to systematically examine the efficacy of methods used to aid smoking cessation in people with serious mental illness.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to compare the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological and behavioural programmes for smoking cessation in people with serious mental illness. Electronic databases were searched for trials to July 2018. We used the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias.ResultsTwenty-eight randomised controlled trials were identified. Varenicline increased the likelihood of smoking cessation at both 3 months (risk ratio (RR) 3.56, 95% CI 1.82 to 6.96, p=0.0002) and at 6 months (RR 3.69, 95% CI 1.08 to 12.60, p=0.04). Bupropion was effective at 3 months (RR 3.96, 95% CI 1.86 to 8.40, p=0.0003), especially at a dose of 300 mg/day, but there was no evidence of effect at 6 months (RR 2.22, 95% CI 0.52 to 9.47, p=0.28). In one small study, nicotine therapy proved effective at increasing smoking cessation up to a period of 3 months. Bupropion used in conjunction with nicotine replacement therapy showed more effect than single use. Behavioural and bespoke interventions showed little overall benefit. Side effects were found to be low.ConclusionThe new information of this review was the effectiveness of varenicline for smoking cessation at both 3 and 6 months and the lack of evidence to support the use of both bupropion and nicotine products for sustained abstinence longer than 3 months. Overall, the review found relatively few studies in this population.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise on Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiaoke Chen ◽  
Xinzheng Sun ◽  
Chenghao Wang ◽  
Hui He
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Tnf Α

Objective. Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the occurrence of insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on inflammatory factors in patients with T2DM. Methods. A systematic review was conducted on five databases, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between establishment of the database and November 2020 without restrictions on language were included. Studies evaluated the effects of exercise intervention on inflammatory cytokines in patients with T2DM were selected. Results. Twenty-three randomized controlled trials (1350 patients) were included in our meta-analysis. Exercise can significantly reduce the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: −0.79, 95% CI: −1.26 to −0.33, p = 0.0008 ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (MD: −2.33, 95% CI: −3.39 to −1.27, p < 0.0001 ), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: −0.42, 95% CI: −0.60 to −0.24, p < 0.0001 ) in T2DM patients. Conclusion. The findings of this review suggest that exercise reduces inflammatory cytokines (CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6) in T2DM patients. More studies with high methodological qualities and large sample sizes need to be done to confirm which forms of exercise are most effective.

scholarly journals Colistin Nephrotoxicity: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Eljaaly ◽  
Monique R Bidell ◽  
Ronak G Gandhi ◽  
Samah Alshehri ◽  
Mushira A Enani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Colistimethate Sodium ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
Number Needed To Harm

Abstract Background Nephrotoxicity is a known adverse effect of polymyxin antibiotics, including colistin. Although previous meta-analyses have aimed to characterize colistin-associated nephrotoxicity risk relative to other antibiotics, included studies were observational in nature with high risk of confounding and heterogeneity. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of exclusively randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the incidence of nephrotoxicity associated with colistin versus minimally nephrotoxic antibiotics. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and 3 trial registries for RCTs comparing the nephrotoxicity of colistin to nonpolymyxin antibiotics. Randomized controlled trials that used aminoglycosides were excluded. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. The study outcome was the rate of nephrotoxicity. Results Five RCTs with a total of 377 patients were included. Most patients received colistin for pneumonia in the intensive care unit, and the comparators were β-lactam-based regimens. Colistimethate sodium was dosed at 9 million units/day (300 mg/day of colistin base activity), with administration of a loading dose in 4 studies. The nephrotoxicity incidence in patients who received colistin was 36.2% (95% CI, 23.3% to 51.3%). The nephrotoxicity rate was significantly higher in the colistin arm than comparators (RR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.47 to 3.91; P ≤ .001; I2 = 0%), and the number needed to harm was 5. Findings persisted upon one-study-removed-analysis. Conclusions This meta-analysis of RCTs found a colistin-associated nephrotoxicity rate of 36.2% and an increase in this risk compared with β-lactam-based regimens by 140%. Colistin should be regarded as a last-line agent and safer alternatives should be considered when possible.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of pre-exposure of antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Rashuaman-Conche ◽  
Silvana Loli-Guevara ◽  
Ethel Rodriguez ◽  
Carlos Alva-Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Introduction: Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. It represents a public health problem especially in tropical and subtropical regions, but it is also presents in temperate regions. Spirochetes from leptospira genus cause the disease, they affect humans as an intermediate host. About pre-exposure prophylaxis for people at risk, antibiotics such as doxycycline or azithromycin were used to prevent the development of leptospirosis and its related adverse outcomes. However, the evidence about the efficacy and safety of this intervention is limited. Objectives: To determine whether pre-exposure antibiotic administration prevents infection, hospitalization, or mortality from leptospirosis, without causing severe adverse effects. Methods: We propose to do a systematic review and meta-analysis. We will search in Pubmed (Medline), Embase.com, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and ClinicalTrials.gov. Individual randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, cohorts, and cases-control studies will be included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria set. The flow chart for selecting studies to be included will be presented in accordance with the PRISMA guide. The methodological quality of the studies will be evaluated by duplicate. Subsequently, the qualitative analysis of the data will be carried out and the feasibility of a quantitative meta-analysis will be evaluated. Finally, a summary of findings table will be presented according to the feasibility of the meta-analysis. Results: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: This systematic review will sum up-to-date evidence about the efficacy and safety of pre-exposure antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis, hospitalization and mortality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document