scholarly journals Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV in the Setting of TB Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damani A. Piggott ◽  
Petros C. Karakousis
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

The convergent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) pandemics continue to collectively exact significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been a critical component in combating the scourge of these two conditions as both a preemptive and therapeutic modality. However, concomitant administration of antiretroviral and antituberculous therapies poses significant challenges, including cumulative drug toxicities, drug-drug interactions, high pill burden, and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), thus complicating the management of coinfected individuals. This paper will review data from recent studies regarding the optimal timing of HAART initiation relative to TB treatment, with the ultimate goal of improving coinfection-related morbidity and mortality while mitigating toxicity resulting from concurrent treatment of both infections.

Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the morbidity and mortality in Spanish human immunodeficiency virus-infected children

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 863-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOS?? MANUEL S??NCHEZ GRANADOS ◽  
JOS?? TOM??S RAMOS AMADOR ◽  
SIRA FERN??NDEZ DE MIGUEL ◽  
MAR??A ISABEL GONZ??LEZ TOM?? ◽  
PABLO ROJO CONEJO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Graves' Disease as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Individuals after Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samad Rasul ◽  
Robert Delapenha ◽  
Faria Farhat ◽  
Jhansi Gajjala ◽  
Syeda Mehreen Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Typically Develop ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Haart Therapy

Graves' disease after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in certain HIV-1-infected individuals has been described as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This phenomenon should be suspected in individuals who present with clinical deterioration and a presentation suggestive of hyperthyroidism despite good virological and immunological response to HAART. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism may be discrete or overt and typically develop 8–33 months after initiating therapy. One to two percent of HIV-infected patients can present with overt thyroid disease. Relatively few cases of Graves' IRIS have been reported in the literature to date. We describe four cases of Graves' IRIS in HIV-infected patients who were started on HAART therapy.

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