scholarly journals Early Bifrontal Brain Injury: Disturbances in Cognitive Function Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Bonnier ◽  
Aurélie Costet ◽  
Ghassan Hmaimess ◽  
Corinne Catale ◽  
Christelle Maillart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Executive Deficits

We describe six psychomotor, language, and neuropsychological sequential developmental evaluations in a boy who sustained a severe bifrontal traumatic brain injury (TBI) at 19 months of age. Visuospatial, drawing, and writing skills failed to develop normally. Gradually increasing difficulties were noted in language leading to reading and spontaneous speech difficulties. The last two evaluations showed executive deficits in inhibition, flexibility, and working memory. Those executive abnormalities seemed to be involved in the other impairments. In conclusion, early frontal brain injury disorganizes the development of cognitive functions, and interactions exist between executive function and other cognitive functions during development.

scholarly journals Executive Function Training in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: Study Protocol

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Krawczyk ◽  
Kihwan Han ◽  
David Martinez ◽  
Jelena Rakic ◽  
Matthew Kmiecik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Post Injury

Abstract Background: Some individuals who sustain traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) continue to experience significant cognitive impairments chronically (months-to-years post-injury). Many tests of executive function are insensitive to these executive function impairments, as such impairments may only appear during complex daily life conditions. Daily life often requires us to divide our attention and focus on abstract goals. In the current study, we compare the effects of two one-month electronic cognitive rehabilitation programs for individuals with chronic TBI. The active program (Expedition: Strategic Advantage) focuses on improving goal-directed executive functions including working memory, planning, long-term memory, and inhibitory control by challenging participants to accomplish life-like cognitive simulations. The challenge level of the simulations increase in accordance with participant achievement. The control intervention (Expedition: Informational Advantage) is identical to the active; however, the cognitive demand level is capped preventing participants from advancing beyond a set level. We will evaluate these interventions with a military veteran TBI population. Methods: One hundred individuals will be enrolled in this double-blinded clinical trial (all participants and testers are blinded to condition). Each individual will be randomly assigned to one of two interventions. The primary anticipated outcomes are improvement of daily life cognitive function skills and daily life functions. These are measured by a daily life performance task, which tests cognitive skills, and a survey that evaluates daily life functions. Secondary outcomes are also predicted to include improvements in working memory, attention, planning, and inhibitory control as measured by a neuropsychological test battery. Lastly, neuroimaging measures will be used to evaluate changes in brain networks supporting cognition pre-intervention and post-intervention. Discussion: We will test whether electronically delivered cognitive rehabilitation aimed at improving daily life functional skills will provide cognitive and daily life functional improvements for individuals in the chronic phase of TBI recovery (greater than three months post-injury). We aim to better understand the cognitive processes involved in recovery and the characteristics of individuals most likely to benefit. This study will also address the potential to observe generalizability, or transfer, from a software-based cognitive training tool toward daily life improvement. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03704116 (retrospectively registered) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03704116?term=tbi+krawczyk&rank=1 Keywords: Cognitive rehabilitation, traumatic brain injury, executive functions, daily life functions, memory, attention, planning. Support: Joint Warfighter Program; U. S. Dept. of Defense W81XWH-16-1-0053

scholarly journals Enriched environment improves working memory impairment of mice with traumatic brain injury by enhancing histone acetylation in the prefrontal cortex

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6113
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Zhaoxiang Meng ◽  
Jibing Wang ◽  
Hongyu Zhou ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
H3 Acetylation

Working memory impairment is a common cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which severely affects the quality of life of patients. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which is closely related to cognitive functions. In addition, epigenetic modifications are also related to cognitive functions. A neurorehabilitation strategy, enriched environment (EE) intervention, has been widely used to improve cognitive impairment. However, studies of the mechanism of EE on cholinergic system and epigenetic modifications in mouse with TBI have not been reported yet. In this paper, a mouse model with traumatic frontal lobe injury was established, and the mechanism on EE for the mice with TBI was explored. It was found that EE could improve Y-maze performance of mice with TBI, the function of cholinergic system, and the imbalance of acetylation homeostasis in the prefrontal cortex of contralateral side of TBI. In addition, EE also could increase the level of CREB binding protein and histones H3 acetylation at ChAT gene promoter region in the prefrontal cortex of contralateral side of TBI. These indicate that EE has an important effect on the improvement of working memory impairment and the underlying mechanism may involve in histones H3 acetylation at ChAT gene promoter regions in the prefrontal cortex.

Using Robotics to Quantify Impairments in Sensorimotor Ability, Visuospatial Attention, Working Memory, and Executive Function After Traumatic Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. E61-E73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Logan ◽  
Jennifer A. Semrau ◽  
Chantel T. Debert ◽  
Jeffrey M. Kenzie ◽  
Stephen H. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Visuospatial Attention

scholarly journals Poor sleep correlates with biomarkers of neurodegeneration in mild traumatic brain injury patients: a CENC Study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kent Werner ◽  
Pashtun Shahim ◽  
Josephine U Pucci ◽  
Lai Chen ◽  
Sorana Raiciulescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep disorders affect over half of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients. Despite evidence linking sleep and neurodegeneration, longitudinal TBI-related dementia studies have not considered sleep. We hypothesized that poor sleepers with mTBI would have elevated markers of neurodegeneration and lower cognitive function compared to mTBI good sleepers and controls. Our objective was to compare biomarkers of neurodegeneration and cognitive function with sleep quality in warfighters with chronic mTBI. Methods In an observational warfighters cohort (n=138 mTBI, 44 controls), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was compared with plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and cognitive scores collected an average of 8 years after injury. Results In the mTBI cohort, poor sleepers (PSQI≥10, n = 86) had elevated plasma neurofilament light (NfL, x̅ = 11.86 vs. 7.91 pg/mL, p=0.0007, d=0.63) and lower executive function scores by the categorical fluency (x̅ = 18.0 vs 21.0, p=0.0005, d= -0.65) and stop-go tests (x̅ = 30.1 vs 31.1, p=0.024, d = -0.37). These findings were not observed in controls (n = 44). PSQI predicted NfL (Beta=0.22, p=0.00002) and tau (Beta=0.14, p=0.007), but not amyloid β42. Poor sleepers showed higher obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk by STOP-BANG scores (x̅ = 3.8 vs 2.7, p=0.0005), raising the possibility that the PSQI might be partly secondary to OSA. Conclusions Poor sleep is linked to neurodegeneration and select measures of executive function in mTBI patients. This supports implementation of validated sleep measures in longitudinal studies investigating pathobiological mechanisms of TBI related neurodegeneration, which could have therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals Pragmatic and executive functions in traumatic brain injury and right brain damage: An exploratory comparative study

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle Zimmermann ◽  
Gigiane Gindri ◽  
Camila Rosa de Oliveira ◽  
Rochele Paz Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Right Brain ◽  
Executive Deficits

Abstract Objective: To describe the frequency of pragmatic and executive deficits in right brain damaged (RBD) and in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, and to verify possible dissociations between pragmatic and executive functions in these two groups. Methods: The sample comprised 7 cases of TBI and 7 cases of RBD. All participants were assessed by means of tasks from the Montreal Communication Evaluation Battery and executive functions tests including the Trail Making Test, Hayling Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, semantic and phonemic verbal fluency tasks, and working memory tasks from the Brazilian Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Battery NEUPSILIN. Z-score was calculated and a descriptive analysis of frequency of deficits (Z< -1.5) was carried out. Results: RBD patients presented with deficits predominantly on conversational and narrative discursive tasks, while TBI patients showed a wider spread pattern of pragmatic deficits. Regarding EF, RBD deficits included predominantly working memory and verbal initiation impairment. On the other hand, TBI individuals again exhibited a general profile of executive dysfunction, affecting mainly working memory, initiation, inhibition, planning and switching. Pragmatic and executive deficits were generally associated upon comparisons of RBD patients and TBI cases, except for two simple dissociations: two post-TBI cases showed executive deficits in the absence of pragmatic deficits. Discussion: Pragmatic and executive deficits can be very frequent following TBI or vascular RBD. There seems to be an association between these abilities, indicating that although they can co-occur, a cause-consequence relationship cannot be the only hypothesis.

scholarly journals Assessement of Independence and Cognitive Function in Acute Period after Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimonda Juodytė ◽  
Margarita Drozdova ◽  
Sigitas Mingaila
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
Injury Research

Research background. According to the WHO, traumatic brain injury in 2020 will be one of the predominant causes of death and disability. Today, traumatic brain injury is a serious social problem, causing high morbidity and mortality, as well as high social costs. The most common traumatic head injury victims are young adults of productive age; that is why professional skills and the quality of health could be affected (Oliveira et al., 2012). The aim of the study was to evaluate independence and levels of cognitive functions of people with traumatic head brain injury. Research methods. Thirty four patients took part in the study. They were 51.5 ± 18.5 years old. The patients were selected according their diagnosis – traumatic head brain injury (S06-S06.9 according IDC-10) and being threated in hospitals (not longer than one week after hospitalization). Consciousness and neurological condition of patients were tested in the study according to Glasgow Coma Scale, independence skills – according to Functional Independence Measure, and cognitive function – according to Cognistat test. Research results. Analysing patients, with TBI, cognitive function disorders using Cognistat test, it was established that construction abilities and memory were the furtherst from the normal level and ability to repeat was the closest. Independence abilities were better while eating, hygiene procedures, going to the toilet, dressing up if cognitive functions were less impaired (p < 0.05). Conclussions. 1. For patients with mild or medium traumatic brain injury, cognitive functions are impaired, memory or construction abilities suffer most of all. 2. The most difficult task is to climb the stairs or wash themselves if patients get TBI. 3. Independence abilities depend on the level of TBI, but not on the level of cognitive function.Keywords: traumatic brain injury, cognitive functions, rehabilitation.

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