scholarly journals Contribution of Isoprene Oxidation Products to Marine Aerosol over the North-East Atlantic

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatu Anttila ◽  
Baerbel Langmann ◽  
Saji Varghese ◽  
Colin O'Dowd
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Isoprene Oxidation ◽  
Isoprene Oxidation Products

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation through isoprene oxidation was investigated with the regional-scale climate model REMOTE. The applied modeling scheme includes a treatment for marine primary organic aerosol emissions, aerosol microphysics, and SOA formation through the gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile, water-soluble oxidation products. The focus was on SOA formation taking place over the North-East Atlantic during a period of high biological activity. Isoprene SOA concentrations were up to ~5 ngm−3over North Atlantic in the base case model runs, and isoprene oxidation made a negligible contribution to the marine organic aerosol (OA) mass. In particular, isoprene SOA did not account for the observed water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations over North Atlantic. The performed model calculations, together with results from recent field measurements, imply a missing source of SOA over remote marine areas unless the isoprene oxidation products are considerably less volatile than the current knowledge indicates.

A new species of amphipod, Megamphopus katagani sp. nov. (Crustacea: Peracarida: Photidae) from the Sea of Marmara (Turkey), with a key to the species of Megamphopus in the North Atlantic, Mediterranean and associated Seas

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2791 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEREM BAKIR ◽  
MURAT SEZGIN ◽  
ALAN A. MYERS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
A New Species

A new species of amphipod, Megamphopus katagani sp. nov., is described from the sea of Marmara (Turkey). A key to the species of Megamphopus known from the North-East Atlantic, Mediterranean and associated seas is provided.

Secondary organic aerosol yields from cloud-processing of isoprene oxidation products

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ervens ◽  
Annmarie G. Carlton ◽  
Barbara J. Turpin ◽  
Katye E. Altieri ◽  
Sonia M. Kreidenweis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Cloud Processing ◽  
Isoprene Oxidation ◽  
Isoprene Oxidation Products

Ophlitaspongia and Ophlitaspongia papilla reinstated, and a new species of Ophlitaspongia described (Porifera: Demospongiae: Microcionidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Howson ◽  
S.J. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Halichondria Panicea ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Ophlitaspongia (Porifera: Microcionidae) from wave-exposed sublittoral rock in the north-east Atlantic is described and compared to the two other species recorded from the genus in the north-east Atlantic. The species known as Ophlitaspongia seriata is considered to be a junior synonym of Halichondria panicea. Consequently, the name O. papilla has been reinstated. The other recorded species O. basifixa, is from deep water. Ophlitaspongia basifixa has characters which differentiate it from Ophlitaspongia sp. nov. The genus Ophlitaspongia has been separated from related genera and reinstated for species in the North Atlantic.

Records of deep water chondrichthyan fish caught on long-line in the Rockall Trough

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Rockall Trough ◽  
Line Survey ◽  
Depth Ranges

A number of chondrichthyan fish species were caught on long-line in the Rockall Trough (north-east Atlantic) in 1997, which are first records for this area; Raja hyperborea, Raja kukujevi and Raja fullonica. The occurrence of R. hyperborea, usually found in colder boreal waters appears to be temperature related. The presence of the deep water squaliform shark Centrophorus uyato in the area was also confirmed and several species were caught at previously undocumented depths.The Rockall Trough is an extension of the North Atlantic deep environment (Mauchline, 1990). A long-line survey was undertaken in August 1997 on the eastern and southern slopes of the Rockall Trough (Figure 1), fishing gear and procedures are described by Connolly (1997). Identifications were undertaken by means of several texts (Compagno, 1984; Whitehead, et al., 1984; Stehmann, 1997). The specimens described below were lodged in the National Museum of Ireland (NMI) and the Hamburg University Zoological Museum, Germany (ZMH). Depth ranges, positions and catalogue numbers of the specimens described are given in Table 1.

scholarly journals Gas-particle partitioning of polyol tracers in the western Yangtze River Delta, China: Absorptive or Henry's law partitioning?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Qin ◽  
Yafeng Gou ◽  
Yuhang Wang ◽  
Yuhao Mao ◽  
Hong Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Henry's Law ◽  
Henry’S Law ◽  
Isoprene Oxidation ◽  
Isoprene Oxidation Products

Abstract. Gas-particle partitioning of water-soluble organic compounds plays a significant role in the formation and source apportionment of organic aerosols, but is poorly characterized. In this work, gas- and particle-phase concentrations of isoprene oxidation products (C5-alkene triols and 2-methylterols), levoglucosan, and sugar polyols were measured simultaneously at a suburban site of the western Yangtze River Delta in east China. All target polyols were primarily distributed into the particle phase (85.9–99.8 %), and their average particle-phase fractions were not strictly dependent on vapor pressures. Moreover, the measurement-based partitioning coefficients (Kp,OM) of isoprene oxidation products and levoglucosan were 102 to 104 times larger than their predicted Kp,OM based on the equilibrium absorptive partitioning model. These are likely attributed to the hygroscopic properties of polyol tracers and high aerosol liquid water (ALW) concentrations (~20 µg m−3) of the study location. Due to the large gaps (up to 107) between measurement-based effective Henry's law coefficients (KH,e) and predicted values in pure water (KH,w), the gas-particle partitioning of polyol tracers could not be depicted using Henry's law alone either. The regressions of log (KH,w/KH,e) versus molality of major water-soluble components in ALW indicated that sulfate ions (salting-in effect) and water-soluble organic carbon can promote the partitioning of polyol tracers into the aqueous phase. These results suggest a partitioning mechanism of enhanced aqueous-phase uptake for polyol tracers, which partly reveals the discrepancy between observation and modeling of secondary organic aerosols.

scholarly journals Large-scale changes of the semidiurnal tide along North Atlantic coasts from 1846 to 2018

Ocean Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Lucia Pineau-Guillou ◽  
Pascal Lazure ◽  
Guy Wöppelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract. We investigated the long-term changes of the principal tidal component M2 along North Atlantic coasts, from 1846 to 2018. We analysed 18 tide gauges with time series starting no later than 1940. The longest is Brest with 165 years of observations. We carefully processed the data, particularly to remove the 18.6-year nodal modulation. We found that M2 variations are consistent at all the stations in the North-East Atlantic (Cuxhaven, Delfzijl, Hoek van Holland, Newlyn, Brest), whereas some discrepancies appear in the North-West Atlantic. The changes started long before the 20th century and are not linear. The secular trends in M2 amplitude vary from one station to another; most of them are positive, up to 2.5 mm/yr at Wilmington since 1910. Since 1990, the trends switch from positive to negative values in the North-East Atlantic. Concerning the possible causes of the observed changes, the similarity between the North Atlantic Oscillation and M2 variations in the North-East Atlantic suggests a possible influence of the large-scale atmospheric circulation on the tide. Our statistical analysis confirms large correlations at all the stations in the North-East Atlantic. We discuss a possible underlying mechanism. A different spatial distribution of mean sea level (corresponding to water depth) from one year to another, depending on the low-frequency sea-level pressure patterns, could impact the propagation of the tide in the North Atlantic basin. However, the hypothesis is at present unproven.

scholarly journals Population genetics meets phylogenetics: new insights into the relationships among members of the genus Euthynnus (family Scombridae)

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Ollé ◽  
Laura Vilà-Valls ◽  
Jaime Alvarado-Bremer ◽  
Genoveva Cerdenares ◽  
Thuy Yen Duong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Allopatric Species ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
High Level

AbstractEuthynnus (family Scombridae) is a genus of marine pelagic fish species with a worldwide distribution that comprises three allopatric species: E. alletteratus, E. affinis and E. lineatus. All of them targeted by artisanal and commercial fisheries. We analyzed 263 individuals from Atlantic and Pacific Oceans using two genetic markers, the mtDNA Control Region (350 bp) and nuclear calmodulin (341 bp). The results obtained challenge the phylogeny of this group. We found a deep genetic divergence, probably at species level, within E. alletteratus, between the North Atlantic-Mediterranean and the Tropical East Atlantic. This deep genetic divergence was tested with several species delimitation methods. This complete phylogeographic association between the North Atlantic and the Tropical East Atlantic support the hypothesis of two cryptic species. In addition, population genetic heterogeneity was detected between the North East Atlantic–Mediterranean and North West Atlantic regions. Our results indicate two scales of differentiation in what is currently considered a single population. Accordingly, for management purposes, the populations of E. alletteratus, should be divided into a minimum of three management units. On the other hand, the high level of differentiation found in E. alletteratus contrasts with the shallow genetic divergence of E. affinis and E. lineatus.

scholarly journals Gas–particle partitioning of polyol tracers at a suburban site in Nanjing, east China: increased partitioning to the particle phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 12141-12153
Author(s):  
Chao Qin ◽  
Yafeng Gou ◽  
Yuhang Wang ◽  
Yuhao Mao ◽  
Hong Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
East China ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Isoprene Oxidation ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Suburban Site ◽  
Isoprene Oxidation Products

Abstract. Gas–particle partitioning of water-soluble organic compounds plays a significant role in influencing the formation, transport, and lifetime of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, but is poorly characterized. In this work, gas- and particle-phase concentrations of isoprene oxidation products (C5-alkene triols and 2-methylterols), levoglucosan, and sugar polyols were measured simultaneously at a suburban site of the western Yangtze River Delta in east China. All target polyols were primarily distributed into the particle phase (85.9 %–99.8 %). Given the uncertainties in measurements and vapor pressure predictions, a dependence of particle-phase fractions on vapor pressures cannot be determined. To explore the impact of aerosol liquid water on gas–particle partitioning of polyol tracers, three partitioning schemes (Cases 1–3) were proposed based on equilibriums of gas vs. organic and aqueous phases in aerosols. If particulate organic matter (OM) is presumed as the only absorbing phase (Case 1), the measurement-based absorptive partitioning coefficients (Kp,OMm) of isoprene oxidation products and levoglucosan were more than 10 times greater than predicted values (Kp,OMt). The agreement between Kp,OMm and Kp,OMt was substantially improved when solubility in a separate aqueous phase was included, whenever water-soluble and water-insoluble OM partitioned into separate (Case 2) or single (Case 3) liquid phases, suggesting that the partitioning of polyol tracers into the aqueous phase in aerosols should not be ignored. The measurement-based effective Henry's law coefficients (KH,em) of polyol tracers were orders of magnitude higher than their predicted values in pure water (KH,wt). Due to the moderate correlations between log⁡(KH,em/KH,wt) and molality of sulfate ions, the gap between KH,em and KH,wt of polyol tracers could not be fully parameterized by the equation defining “salting-in” effects and might be ascribed to mechanisms of reactive uptake, aqueous phase reaction, “like-dissolves-like” principle, etc. These study results also partly reveal the discrepancy between observation and modeling of organic aerosols.

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