scholarly journals Torsion of Testis in an Infant with Unilateral UDT

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kazem Moslemi ◽  
Mehdi Abedinzadeh ◽  
Shabir Al-Mousawi
Keyword(s):  
Undescended Testis ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Complete Physical Examination ◽  
Results Management ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rule Out

Torsion of an undescended testis is uncommon. Torsion of a cryptorchid testicle presents a nonspecific symptomatology. Clinical suspicion indicates emergent surgical exploration, irrespective of Doppler ultrasound with its inherent false negative results. Management of the contralateral testis is controversial. We emphasize the need of a complete physical examination of the child who goes to the emergency room with nonspecific symptoms of abdominal pain and ipsilateral empty hemiscrotum to rule out torsion of a cryptorchid testicle. Herein, we report a one-year-old infant with missed torsion of undescended left testis.

Difficulties in diagnosing vertebral osteomyelitis in a child

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e236037
Author(s):  
Jonathan Holzmann ◽  
Sunday Pam ◽  
Geoffrey Clark
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Vertebral Osteomyelitis ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
The Face ◽  
Initial Imaging

Vertebral osteomyelitis is a rare diagnosis and often delayed diagnosis in children. This is a case of a child presenting with fever, back pain and raised C reactive protein who was found to have a Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) bacteraemia. Initial imaging with CT, MRI of the spine and abdominal ultrasound failed to demonstrate a vertebral osteomyelitis or identify another source of the bacteraemia. Due to the high clinical suspicion of a spinal source of the infection, second-line investigations were arranged. A bone scan identified an area of increase metabolic activity in the 12th thoracic vertebrae (T12) and subsequently a diagnosis was confirmed with a focused MRI of T12. This serves as an opportunity to discuss the diagnostic difficulty presented by paediatric vertebral osteomyelitis and more generally the need for clinicians to pursue their clinical suspicion in the face of false negative results to make an accurate and timely diagnosis.

scholarly journals One-Year Update on Salivary Diagnostic of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Carvalho Caixeta ◽  
Stephanie Wutke Oliveira ◽  
Leia Cardoso-Sousa ◽  
Thulio Marquez Cunha ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Goulart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
Frontline Healthcare Workers

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health problem, which is challenging healthcare worldwide. In this critical review, we discussed the advantages and limitations in the implementation of salivary diagnostic platforms of COVID-19. The diagnostic test of COVID-19 by invasive nasopharyngeal collection is uncomfortable for patients and requires specialized training of healthcare professionals in order to obtain an appropriate collection of samples. Additionally, these professionals are in close contact with infected patients or suspected cases of COVID-19, leading to an increased contamination risk for frontline healthcare workers. Although there is a colossal demand for novel diagnostic platforms with non-invasive and self-collection samples of COVID-19, the implementation of the salivary platforms has not been implemented for extensive scale testing. Up to date, several cross-section and clinical trial studies published in the last 12 months support the potential of detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva as a biomarker for COVID-19, providing a self-collection, non-invasive, safe, and comfortable procedure. Therefore, the salivary diagnosis is suitable to protect healthcare professionals and other frontline workers and may encourage patients to get tested due to its advantages over the current invasive methods. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva was substantial also in patients with a negative nasopharyngeal swab, indicating the presence of false negative results. Furthermore, we expect that salivary diagnostic devices for COVID-19 will continue to be used with austerity without excluding traditional gold standard specimens to detect SARS-CoV-2.

False Negative Carrier Screening in Spinal Muscular Atrophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Sophie Butcher ◽  
Melanie Smith ◽  
Ian R. Woodcock ◽  
Martin Delatycki ◽  
Monique M. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Carrier Screening ◽  
Carrier Testing ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results

We describe a case of spinal muscular atrophy diagnosed in an infant despite previous parental carrier testing suggesting low risk of the disease. This case report explains how this situation arose and illustrates that clinicians need to perform diagnostic testing in children where clinical suspicion for spinal muscular atrophy is high, regardless of the result of previous parental carrier testing, because of the risk of false negative results.

scholarly journals Expression Profile of p53 and p21 in Large Bowel Mucosa as Biomarkers of Inflammatory-Related Carcinogenesis in Ulcerative Colitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Popp ◽  
Luciana Nichita ◽  
Theodor Voiosu ◽  
Alexandra Bastian ◽  
Mirela Cioplea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Architectural Distortion ◽  
P53 Overexpression ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tissue Biomarker

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease that slightly increases the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with long-standing extended disease. Overexpression of p53 and p21 in colonic epithelia is usually detected in UC patients when no dysplasia is histologically seen and it is used by pathologists as a discriminator between regenerative changes and intraepithelial neoplasia, as well as a tissue biomarker useful to predict the risk of evolution toward malignancy. We present a one-year prospective observational study including a cohort of 45 patients with UC; p53 and p21 were evaluated in epithelial cells. p53 was positive in 74 samples revealed in 5% to 90% of epithelial cells, while 63 biopsies had strong positivity for p21 in 5% to 50% of epithelial cells. Architectural distortion was significantly correlated with p53 overexpression in epithelial cells. Thus, we consider that architectural distortion is a good substitute for p53 and p21 expression. We recommend use of p53 as the most valuable tissue biomarker in surveillance of UC patients, identifying the patients with higher risk for dysplasia. Association of p21 is also recommended for a better quantification of risk and for diminishing the false-negative results.

scholarly journals Radiologists versus Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: A Comparative Study for Diagnosing COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abdulkader Helwan ◽  
Mohammad Khaleel Sallam Ma’aitah ◽  
Hani Hamdan ◽  
Dilber Uzun Ozsahin ◽  
Ozum Tuncyurek
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Rule Out

The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is still the routinely used test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). However, according to several reports, RT-PCR showed a low sensitivity and multiple tests may be required to rule out false negative results. Recently, chest computed tomography (CT) has been an efficient tool to diagnose COVID-19 as it is directly affecting the lungs. In this paper, we investigate the application of pre-trained models in diagnosing patients who are positive for COVID-19 and differentiating it from normal patients, who tested negative for coronavirus. The study aims to compare the generalization capabilities of deep learning models with two thoracic radiologists in diagnosing COVID-19 chest CT images. A dataset of 3000 images was obtained from the Near East Hospital, Cyprus, and used to train and to test the three employed pre-trained models. In a test set of 250 images used to evaluate the deep neural networks and the radiologists, it was found that deep networks (ResNet-18, ResNet-50, and DenseNet-201) can outperform the radiologists in terms of higher accuracy (97.8%), sensitivity (98.1%), specificity (97.3%), precision (98.4%), and F1-score (198.25%), in classifying COVID-19 images.

Critical Evaluation of Impedance Phlebography for the Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Kenneth K Wu ◽  
John C Hoak ◽  
Robert W Barnes ◽  
Stuart L Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Positive Results

SummaryIn order to evaluate its daily variability and reliability, impedance phlebography was performed daily or on alternate days on 61 patients with deep vein thrombosis, of whom 47 also had 125I-fibrinogen uptake tests and 22 had radiographic venography. The results showed that impedance phlebography was highly variable and poorly reliable. False positive results were noted in 8 limbs (18%) and false negative results in 3 limbs (7%). Despite its being simple, rapid and noninvasive, its clinical usefulness is doubtful when performed according to the original method.

Scoring System for the Diagnosis of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farouk Allam
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Due to the international spread of COVID-19, the difficulty of collecting nasopharyngeal swab specimen from all suspected patients, the costs of RT-PCR and CT, and the false negative results of RT-PCR assay in 41% of COVID-19 patients, a scoring system is needed to classify the suspected patients in order to determine the need for follow-up, home isolation, quarantine or the conduction of further investigations. A scoring system is proposed as a diagnostic tool for suspected patients. It includes Epidemiological Evidence of Exposure, Clinical Symptoms and Signs, and Investigations (if available). This scoring system is simple, could be calculated in a few minutes, and incorporates the main possible data/findings of any patient.

Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sputum Samples by Real- Time PCR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Shakib ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Pcr Method

Background: Conventional laboratory culture-based methods for diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae are time-consuming and yield false negative results. Molecular methods including real-time (RT)-PCR rapid methods and conventional PCR due to higher sensitivity and accuracy have been replaced instead traditional culture assay. The aim of the current study was to evaluate lytA gene for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid of human patients with meningitis using real-time PCR assay. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 30 clinical specimens were collected from patients in a period from September to December 2018. In order to evaluate the presence of lytA gene, conventional and real-time PCR methods were used without culture. Results: From 30 sputum samples five (16.66%) isolates were identified as S. pneumoniae by lytA PCR and sequencing. Discussion: In this research, an accurate and rapid real-time PCR method was used, which is based on lytA gene for diagnosis of bacteria so that it can be diagnosed. Based on the sequencing results, the sensitivity for detection of lytA gene was 100% (5/5).

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