scholarly journals The Role of Apolipoprotein E in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-liang Zhang ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Antigen ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34.2 kDa glycosylated protein characterized by its wide tissue distribution and multiple functions. ApoE has been widely studied in lipid metabolism, cardiocerebrovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment, and so forth. Recently, a growing body of evidence has pointed to nonlipid related properties of apoE, including suppression of T cell proliferation, regulation of macrophage function, facilitation of lipid antigen presentation by CD1 molecules to natural killer T (NKT) cells, and modulation of inflammation and oxidation. By these properties, apoE impacts physiology and pathophysiology at multiple levels. The present paper summarizes updated studies on the immunoregulatory function of apoE, with special focus on isoform-specific effects of apoE on Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN).

scholarly journals The Immune-Modulatory Role of Apolipoprotein E with Emphasis on Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Liang Zhang ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Lipid Antigen ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34.2 kDa glycoprotein characterized by its wide tissue distribution and multiple functions. The nonlipid-related properties of apoE include modulating inflammation and oxidation, suppressing T cell proliferation, regulating macrophage functions, and facilitating lipid antigen presentation by CD1 molecules to natural killer T (NKT) cells, and so forth. Increasing studies have revealed that APOEεallele might be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), although evidence is still not sufficient enough. In this review, we summarized the current progress of the immunomodulatory functions of apoE, with special focus on the association of APOEεallele with the clinical features of MS and of its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

scholarly journals Beneficial or Harmful Role of Macrophages in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Shen ◽  
Fengna Chu ◽  
Yue Lang ◽  
Yunlong Geng ◽  
Xiangyu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Autoimmune Demyelination ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an immune-mediated demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, is characterized by acute weakness of the extremities and areflexia or hyporeflexia. Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a common animal model for GBS, which represents a CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune demyelination of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and is used to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of GBS. It has been found that macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of both GBS and EAN. Macrophages have been primarily classified into two major phenotypes: proinflammatory macrophages (M1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). The two different macrophage subsets M1 and M2 may play a decisive role in initiation and development of GBS and EAN. However, recently, it has been indicated that the roles of macrophages in immune regulation and autoimmune diseases are more complex than those suggested by a simple M1-M2 dichotomy. Macrophages might exert either inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effect by secreting pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, and either inducing the activation of T cells to mediate immune response, resulting in inflammation and demyelination in the PNS, or promoting disease recovery. In this review, we summarize the dual roles of macrophages in GBS and EAN and explore the mechanism of macrophage polarization to provide a potential therapeutic approach for GBS in the future.

scholarly journals CCR2 Gene Deletion and Pharmacologic Blockade Ameliorate a Severe Murine Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis Model of Guillain-Barré Syndrome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e90463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furong Yuan ◽  
Nejla Yosef ◽  
Chetan Lakshmana Reddy ◽  
Ailing Huang ◽  
Sharon C. Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis ◽  
Ccr2 Gene ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Guillain–Barré syndrome serum and anti-Campylobacter antibody do not exacerbate experimental autoimmune neuritis

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D.M Hadden ◽  
Norman A Gregson ◽  
Ralf Gold ◽  
Hugh J Willison ◽  
Richard A.C Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune
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