scholarly journals Spontaneous Epiglottic Hematoma Secondary to Supratherapeutic Anticoagulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody A. Koch ◽  
Steven M. Olsen ◽  
Amy M. Saleh ◽  
Laura J. Orvidas
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Anticoagulated Patient ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
Spontaneous Hematoma

Hemorrhage into the soft tissues of the airway represents a potentially life-threatening complication of long-term anticoagulation. We report the case of a chronically anticoagulated 37-year-old male who developed a spontaneous hematoma of the epiglottis secondary to a supra-therapeutic INR. Epiglottic hematoma should be considered in the differential of any anticoagulated patient presenting with upper airway compromise. The airway should be secured in a controlled fashion, and the coagulopathy should be rapidly corrected.

scholarly journals Paediatric paediatric tracheostomy: Changing indications and key complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Guilherme Movio ◽  
Ms Shadaba Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Airway Obstructions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Indications And Complications

Background: Paediatric Tracheostomy is a procedure used to ventilate children through a hole in the trachea. Indications for the procedure were once primarily for acute upper airway obstruction due to infections but have now changed. Generally, there is poor knowledge surrounding tracheostomies and a limited knowledge of guidelines amongst health-care professionals. Aim: The aim of this review is to discuss the basis of changes to the indications of paediatric tracheostomy. It  will also investigate the key complications related to the procedure and discuss the importance of multidisciplinary teams being aware of the emergency algorithms for dealing with such complications. Findings: Indications have changed due to advancements in medicine with increased life expectancy and survival rates for children with often life threatening congenital conditions. Tracheostomies can offer these children long term ventilatory support. Upper airway obstructions due to infections are now infrequently indicated for tracheostomy due to successful vaccination programs. Complications today are because of obstructions and decannulations. Intra-operative complications are infrequent, due to refinements in surgical technique. Conclusion: Paediatric Tracheostomy is a rapidly evolving field because of continuous advancements in neonatal and intensive care medicine. The indications and complications have changed together over the last four decades. A greater understanding of tracheostomy complications is requiredfor successful management.

scholarly journals Blastomycosis of the Vocal folds with Life-Threatening upper Airway Obstruction: A Case Report

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 852-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso T. Ebeo ◽  
Kenneth Olive ◽  
Ryland P. Byrd ◽  
Girish Mirle ◽  
Thomas M. Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inappropriate Therapy ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Laryngeal Involvement

Blastomycosis is a chronic fungal disease that primarily affects the lower respiratory tract. The acute inflammatory phase of the primary pulmonary infection is characterized by a lymphohematogenous spread to extrapulmonary sites, especially the skin. The presence of disseminated infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis in the larynx is unusual. In areas of the United States where this fungus is endemic, failure to consider laryngeal involvement might lead to inappropriate therapy and thus worsening inflammation and airway compromise.

scholarly journals Oropharyngeal Hairy Polyp: A Case of Respiratory Failure in a Newborn

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Paola Feraco ◽  
Emma Bragantini ◽  
Francesca Incandela ◽  
Cesare Gagliardo ◽  
Marina Silvestrini
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Hairy polyps, also known as dermoid polyps (DPs), are rare benign cystic lesions of bigerminal origin that may occur in several head and neck regions, including the oropharynx. Despite their benign histopathological nature, DPs may be life threatening, due to their upper airway location, and DPs represent one of the most unusual causes of respiratory distress during the neonatal period. In this paper, we describe a case of respiratory failure in a newborn with an oropharyngeal mass that was accidentally found during difficult intubation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected a well-defined soft tissue pedunculated mass, arising from the left oropharynx wall, consistent with an oropharyngeal DP. The newborn had a prompt recovery after trans-oral mass removal. Our case underlines the importance of imaging in differential diagnosis of children’s respiratory distress, secondary to a variety of lesions within the region of the skull base or oropharynx. It allowed us to assess the origin of the lesion, as well as its relationship with the adjacent soft tissues, and to exclude intracranial extension, thus providing essential information for the surgical planning.

Gram-negative Bacteremia in Four Patients With Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-741
Author(s):  
Lynne M. Bird ◽  
Marilyn C. Jones ◽  
Nathan Kuppermann ◽  
W. Charles Huskins
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Weber Syndrome ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteremia ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Congenital Malformation Syndrome

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) is a sporadically occurring congenital malformation syndrome consisting of hemangiomata, venous varicosities, and hypertrophy of soft tissues and/or overgrowth of bone.1-3 Although the list of potential complications is long, KTWS is generally a nonprogressive condition. The problems, which include edema, stasis dermatitis, skin ulceration, cellulitis, anemia, thrombosis, phleboliths, phlebitis, bone and joint abnormalities, scoliosis, and paresthesias, tend to be chronic in nature.4 Recognized life-threatening complications include disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)5 and gastrointestinal bleeding as a result of hemangiomata in the intestine.6,7 Systemic infection has not been reported as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this report is to present 4 patients with KTWS who had invasive infection with gram-negative organisms to document another life-threatening complication of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Myasthenic crisis: report of 24 cases

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (3A) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lineu Cesar Werneck ◽  
Rosana Herminia Scola ◽  
Francisco Manoel Branco Germiniani ◽  
Enio A. Comerlato ◽  
Francisco Marcos Bezerra Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Myasthenic Crisis ◽  
Functional Scale ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
Precipitating Factor

Myasthenic crisis (MC) is a life-threatening complication of myasthenia gravis (MG) with a high mortality rate. The aim of our study was to review the different therapeutics approaches in the treatment of MC and their impact in the final outcome. We reviewed the medical files of patients diagnosed with MG admitted between February 1993 and October 1997, who developed MC. Sex, mean age, disease's duration, functional scale, symptoms preceding the crisis, crisis therapy in each set and mortality were then analysed. There were 24 patients who developed MC, 21 females and 3 males, with 1 neonatal, 1 congenital sporadic, 17 juvenile/adult, 3 over 50 years and 2 with thymoma. Dysphagia, dysphonia and dysartria were the most common symptoms preceding the crisis. A precipitating factor was elicited in 8 cases and the most common was infection (upper airway infection, urinary tract infection and pneumonia). 16 patients needed a nasogastric tube and 9 had a tracheostomy performed. 24 patients used anticholinesterase drugs, 21 prednisone, 7 immunosuppressive agents, 5 plasmapheresis, 3 human hyperimune gamma immunoglobulin and 12 had thymectomy. A good response was obtained in 13, satisfactory in 7 and there were 4 deaths. We concluded that in spite of all the therapeutics options, there were non statistically significant differences in the outcome of patients that underwent thymectomy and those who did not.

Spontaneous Thyroid Haemorrhage: A Cause of Upper Airway Obstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-250
Author(s):  
Micheal Wong ◽  
◽  
Yogesvaran Kanapaty ◽  
Yew Toong Liew ◽  
Adzreil Bakri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Airway Protection ◽  
Anterior Neck ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Intravenous Steroids

Background: Spontaneous thyroid haemorrhage is a very rare condition that is potentially life-threatening. We report an unusual case of spontaneous thyroid haemorrhage leading to airway compromise requiring urgent intervention. We highlight key clinical findings and management steps with comparison to similar cases in the literature. Case Summary: An adult male presented with sudden anterior neck swelling and bruises on his neck and chest with hoarseness and dysphagia. Clinical assessment and CT scan revealed a thyroid haemorrhage with laryngopharyngeal, neck and chest haematoma. He was intubated for airway protection and given intravenous steroids and antibiotics. He was extubated well after 3 days. Conclusion: Careful prompt management of the patient’s airway is of vital importance as worsening haematoma can lead to rapid airway compromise. Acute physicians should be aware of the clinical signs of thyroid haemorrhage, as this rare condition may present to the acute medical take.

scholarly journals Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema- Case Series and Review of Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Bhattarai ◽  
S Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Life Threatening Complication

Post obstructive pulmonary edema (POPE) also known as Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE)is potentially life threatening complication. It occurs in about 0.1% of anesthetics and is related to upper airway obstruction. Two types have been described in literature. Different etiology has been attributed to development of Negative pressure pulmonary edema. Early identification and treatment of predisposing factor along with proper monitoring of this complication early treatment should be instituted because resolution is also fast and in most cases without residual effects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6352 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):310-4

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