scholarly journals Profile of Serogroup Y Meningococcal Infections in Canada: Implications for Vaccine Selection

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. e130-e134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Le Saux ◽  
Julie A Bettinger ◽  
Susan Wootton ◽  
Scott A Halperin ◽  
Wendy Vaudry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Meningococcal Infections ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Routine Infant

Canada is a leader in establishing routine infant immunization programs against meningococcal C disease. Currently, all provinces have routine programs to provide meningococcal C conjugate vaccines to infants and children. The result of the existing programs has been a decrease in serogroup C incidence. The second most common vaccine-preventable serogroup in Canada is serogroup Y, the incidence of which has been stable. The availability of a quadrivalent conjugate vaccine against serogroups A, C, Y and W135 focuses attention on serogroup Y disease as it becomes relatively more prominent as a cause of vaccine-preventable invasive meningococcal disease. This vaccine was licensed in November 2006 but is not routinely used except in Nunavut, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. To allow a better understanding of the ‘value added’ by a serogroup Y-containing vaccine, it is necessary to have a contemporary profile of Y disease in Canada. In the present paper, recent surveillance data on invasive meningococcal disease across Canada are summarized.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in Germany, 2002–2010, and impact of vaccination with meningococcal C conjugate vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Hellenbrand ◽  
Johannes Elias ◽  
Ole Wichmann ◽  
Manuel Dehnert ◽  
Matthias Frosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease

scholarly journals Current Meningococcal Vaccines: Advantages and Disadvantages and New Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Kostyukova ◽  
V. A. Bekhalo
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Reverse Vaccinology ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Meningococcal Vaccines ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Vaccine Product ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Creation

The article reviews and analyses the vaccines against invasive meningococcal disease, widely used in practice since 70s-80s of the last century, as well as newly developed ones, the efficacy of which is not completely clear yet. The advantages and disadvantages of polysaccharide and glycoprotein vaccines against meningococci of serogroups A, C, Y, W135 and of protein «vesicle» and geneticengineering vaccines based on «reverse vaccinology» against serogroup B are discussed. Some options for composition of future vaccines under development are presented. Briefly the meningococcal vaccines used in Russia are described. Among the most important immediate tasks discussed are: the study of the duration and intensity of protection after immunization with conjugate vaccines; the development and subsequent trials of a vaccine against serogroup X; further study and improvement of vaccines against serogroup B, as well as the creation of a single vaccine product that protects against all antigenic variants of Neisseria meningitidis.

scholarly journals Surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease in the Czech Republic

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kriz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Meningococcal Infections ◽  
The Czech Republic

Routine notification of invasive meningococcal disease has a long tradition in the Czech Republic: mortality data are available from 1921 and morbidity data from 1943. The collection of Neisseria meningitidis strains kept in the NRL for Meningococcal Infections in Prague dates from 1970 onwards, and represents more than 3500 strains isolated from invasive disease and their contacts, from healthy carriers and from respiratory infection. Analysis of these strains showed that the Czech meningococcal population is different from that seen in western Europe. In 1993, the incidence serogroup C meningococcal disease increased and was associated with the emergence of the hypervirulent complex Neisseria meningitidis C, ST-11, ET-15/37, and caused an increase in the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease which peaked in 1995 (2.2/100 000). A vaccination strategy targeting the part of the population at highest risk of invasive meningococcal disease was adopted in the country.

scholarly journals Impact and effectiveness of meningococcal vaccines: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lucia Helena De Oliveira ◽  
Barbara Jauregui ◽  
Ana Flavia Carvalho ◽  
Norberto Giglio
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Objectives.To summarize and critically evaluate the evidence on the impact and effectiveness of meningococcal vaccination programs around the world in order to inform decisionmaking in Latin America and the Caribbean.Methods.A review of the literature was conducted following several components of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed Central® was searched for papers published in any language from January 1999 – March 2017.Results.In all, 32 studies were included, most of which evaluated the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine. Fourteen studies measured effectiveness and 30 measured impact. The effectiveness of polysaccharide vaccines was 65% – 83.7% (different age groups), while the effectiveness of the conjugate vaccines was 66% – 100%. Incidence decline of laboratory-confirmed meningococcal disease for the conjugate vaccine ranged from 77% – 100% among different ages groups. The only study that evaluated the protein subunit vaccine reported a vaccine effectiveness of 82.9%.Conclusions.The studies reviewed show impact and effectiveness of both polysaccharide vaccines and conjugate vaccines on vaccine-serogroup meningococcal disease. The conjugate vaccines, however, show higher impact and effectiveness with longer-lasting protection over the polysaccharide vaccines. Given the variance in potential use of a meningococcal vaccine, epidemiological surveillance systems should be strengthened to inform national decisions.

Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Africa’s Meningitis Belt: More Than Just Meningitis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S263-S265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E Reese ◽  
Olivier Ronveaux ◽  
Jason M Mwenda ◽  
Andre Bita ◽  
Adam L Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Meningitis Belt

Abstract Since the progressive introduction of the meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine within Africa’s meningitis belt beginning in 2010, the burden of meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (NmA) has substantially decreased. Non-A serogroups C/W/X are now the most prevalent. Surveillance within the belt has historically focused on the clinical syndrome of meningitis, the classic presentation for NmA, and may not adequately capture other presentations of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The clinical presentation of infection due to serogroups C/W/X includes nonmeningeal IMD, and there is a higher case-fatality ratio associated with these non-A serogroups; however, data on the nonmeningeal IMD burden within the belt are scarce. Expanding surveillance to capture all cases of IMD, in accordance with the World Health Organization’s updated vaccine-preventable disease surveillance standards and in preparation for the anticipated introduction of a multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine within Africa’s meningitis belt, will enhance meningococcal disease prevention across the belt.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Control of Meningococcal Disease in Canada: A Long, Complex, and Unfinished Story

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Philippe De Wals
Keyword(s):  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Advocacy Campaigns ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Recent Occurrence ◽  
And Control

The epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Canada has been punctuated by outbreaks caused by serogroup A strains in the 1940s, virulent serogroup C clones from 1985 to 2001, a serogroup B clone in Quebec from 2003 to 2014, and more recently a W clone in British Columbia. Region- and province-wide immunization campaigns have been implemented to control these outbreaks using meningococcal C polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines, a quadrivalent ACWY conjugate vaccine, and a serogroup B protein-based vaccine. Meningococcal C conjugate vaccines have been included in routine immunization programs for children, and ACWY conjugate vaccines have been included in school-based programs for adolescents in most jurisdictions. In contrast, serogroup B protein-based vaccines were only recommended and used for high-risk individuals and to control outbreaks. Currently, the immunization schedules adopted in provinces and territories are not uniform. This is not explained by notable epidemiologic differences. Publicly funded immunization programs are the result of a complex decision-making process. Political factors including public opinion, media attention, interest groups’ advocacy campaigns, decision-makers’ priorities and budgetary constraints have played important roles in shaping meningococcal programs in Canada, and this should be recognized. As the recent occurrence of outbreaks caused by virulent W clones shows, continued investments in epidemiological surveillance at both the provincial and national levels are necessary, so there can be early warning and informed decisions can be made.

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