scholarly journals Response of Soybean to Halosulfuron Herbicide

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Nandula ◽  
D. H. Poston ◽  
K. N. Reddy ◽  
K. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Resistance Trait ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Effect On Yield

Recently, halosulfuron injury in soybean through off-target movement of halosulfuron when applied to rice fields has been reported. Sulfonylurea-tolerant (ST) soybean varieties have enhanced tolerance for sulfonylurea herbicides and might provide an option for mitigating injury to soybean from halosulfuron drift. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of halosulfuron on growth and yield of selected soybean varieties with ST trait alone and stacked with glyphosate resistance trait. Soybean plants were treated with halosulfuron at 0, 0.0043, 0.0087, 0.017, 0.034, and 0.069 kg ai/ha rate at the V3 growth stage in the greenhouse and at 0.034 kg/ha rate (labeled use rate in rice) in the field studies. All soybean varieties containing the ST trait exhibited some halosulfuron injury, but survived the halosulfuron application in the greenhouse. In field studies, a single POST application of halosulfuron at 0.034 kg/ha to soybean at three-trifoliolate leaf stage or at full bloom stage resulted in halosulfuron injury to a certain extent regardless of ST trait. Halosulfuron did not have a significant effect on yield of ST varieties compared to their respective nontreated controls. Severe halosulfuron injury in two non-ST varieties resulted in yield loss.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dicamba on Peanut When Applied during Vegetative Growth Stages

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Blanchett ◽  
T.L. Grey ◽  
E.P. Prostko ◽  
T.M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Crop Injury

ABSTRACT The development of dicamba-resistant cotton and soybean cultivars has created great concern about the potential off-target movement of dicamba onto sensitive species, including broadleaf crops. Peanut is often grown in close proximity to cotton and soybean. Therefore, field studies were conducted during 2012 and 2013 at Plains, Ty Ty, and Attapulgus, GA to evaluate peanut response to rates of dicamba (35, 70, 140, 280, and 560 g ae ha−1) applied at preemergence (PRE), 10, 20, or 30 d after planting (DAP) corresponding to PRE, V2, V3, and V5 peanut growth stages, respectively. Nontreated controls were included for comparison. As dicamba rate increased, both peanut injury and peanut yield loss increased. Peanut response to dicamba was fit to log-logistic regression models for injury and linear regression models for yield loss. Peanut injury increased with rate of dicamba, but was variable among the locations. A general trend was that peanut plants became more sensitive to dicamba injury as plants approached reproductive stage, as evidenced through a declining linear relationship between I50 values (i.e. rate of dicamba that elicits a 50% crop response) and timing of application. PRE applications of dicamba had I50 values that ranged from 125 to 323 g ha−1 of dicamba, while I50 values were 44 to 48 g ha−1 of dicamba at the V5 peanut growth stage. There was a linear relationship between peanut yield and dicamba rate, with 560 g ha−1 causing maximum yield losses ranging from 0 to 86% when applied PRE, 24 to 82% when applied at V2 growth stage, 30 to 95% when applied at V3 growth stage, and 45 to 88% when applied at V5 growth stage. Across all treatments and locations, there was also a negative linear relationship between peanut yield and peanut crop injury, with a decline of 8.5% yield for every 10% increase in crop injury. Growers and their consultants/extension agents can use this peanut injury data to predict potential peanut yield loss from sprayer contamination or off-target movement of dicamba.

scholarly journals The Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) on Peanut when Applied During Vegetative Growth Stages

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Blanchett ◽  
T.L. Grey ◽  
E.P. Prostko ◽  
W.K. Vencill ◽  
T.M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ABSTRACT The development of 2,4-D-resistant cotton and soybean cultivars has created great concern about the potential off-target movement of 2,4-D onto sensitive broadleaf crops. Peanut is often grown in close proximity to cotton and soybean. Therefore, field studies were conducted during 2012 and 2013 at Plains, Ty Ty, and Attapulgus, GA to evaluate peanut response to 2,4-D at 67, 133, 266, 533, and 1066 g ae ha−1 applied at preemergence (PRE), 10, 20, or 30 d after planting (DAP), corresponding to PRE, V2, V3, and V5 peanut growth stages. Nontreated controls (NTC) were included for comparison. Treatment timing by rate interactions were significant (P < 0.0001). As 2,4-D rate increased peanut injury increased. There was variation in yield loss response dependent on peanut growth stage at application timing. Peanut that was treated preemergence and at the V2 growth stage did not have yield loss at any of the 2,4-D evaluated rates (67 to 1066 g ha−1) relative to the NTC. When peanut was treated at V3 and V5 growth stages with 2,4-D, injury estimates were 5 to 32% from the 67 to 1066 g ha−1 rates respectively, and peanut canopy diameter was stunted 5 to 35% at the same rates. The resulting peanut yield loss was 23 and 36% from 533 and 1066 g ha−1 of 2,4-D applied at V3 and V5 growth stages; in part due to reproductive growth being initiated during that time-frame and peanut had less time to recuperate before harvest. Linear regression models were used to evaluate peanut injury and peanut yield results. Significant correlations were established for V3 and V5 treatments between injury and yield, injury and canopy diameter, and canopy diameter and yield (P < 0.0001), with correlation coefficients of − 0.48, − 0.76, and 0.51, respectively. Growers and extension agents will be able to use these peanut injury estimates and canopy diameter data to make improved predictions of potential peanut yield loss where off-target movement of 2,4-D or sprayer contamination has occurred.

scholarly journals Corn Yield Loss Due to Volunteer Soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Alms ◽  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
David Vos ◽  
Michael Moechnig
Keyword(s):  
Loss Function ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Control Volunteer ◽  
Soybean Plants

The widespread adoption of glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean in cropping rotations often results in volunteer plants from the previous season becoming problem weeds that require alternative herbicides for control. Corn yield losses due to season-long volunteer soybean competition at several densities in two growing seasons were used to define a hyperbolic yield loss function. The maximum corn yield loss observed at high volunteer soybean densities was about 56%, whereas, the incremental yield loss (I) at low densities was 3.2%. Corn yield loss at low volunteer soybean densities was similar to losses reported for low densities of velvetleaf and redroot pigweed, with 10% yield loss estimated to occur at 3 to 4 volunteer soybean plants m−2. Several herbicides, including dicamba with or without diflufenzopyr applied at the V2 growth stage of volunteer soybean, provided > 90% control, demonstrating several economical options to control volunteer glyphosate-resistant soybean in glyphosate-resistant corn. Reevaluation of control recommendations may be needed with commercialization of other genetically modified herbicide-resistant soybean varieties.

Volunteer Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Interference in Canola (Brassica campestrisandB. napus)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
Arvind K. Sharma ◽  
Ken J. Kirkland ◽  
E. Ann De St. Remy
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Barley Crop

The yield potential and the effect on yield loss of canola of different densities of volunteer barley were investigated at three locations in western Canada. Field studies were conducted from 1982 to 1986. Rectangular hyperbolic models based on data pooled over years, locations, and canola cultivars, and incorporating different densities of volunteer barley and canola accurately portrayed field responses in most instances. Results indicated that volunteer barley severely reduced canola yield. However, financial losses due to reduced canola yield were partly offset by the volunteer barley crop.

Corn (Zea mays L.) response to sublethal rates of paraquat and fomesafen at vegetative growth stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 595-600
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Sperry ◽  
Benjamin H. Lawrence ◽  
Jason A. Bond ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
Bobby R. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Significant Injury ◽  
Over Time

AbstractResearch was conducted from 2013 to 2015 across three sites in Mississippi to evaluate corn response to sublethal paraquat or fomesafen (105 and 35 g ai ha−1, respectively) applied PRE, or to corn at the V1, V3, V5, V7, or V9 growth stages. Fomesafen injury to corn at three d after treatment (DAT) ranged from 0% to 38%, and declined over time. Compared with the nontreated control (NTC), corn height 14 DAT was reduced approximately 15% due to fomesafen exposure at V5 or V7. Exposure at V1 or V7 resulted in 1,220 and 1,110 kg ha−1 yield losses, respectively, compared with the NTC, but yield losses were not observed at any other growth stage. Fomesafen exposure at any growth stage did not affect corn ear length or number of kernel rows relative to the NTC. Paraquat injury to corn ranged from 26% to 65%, depending on growth stage and evaluation interval. Corn exposure to paraquat at V3 or V5 consistently caused greater injury across evaluation intervals, compared with other growth stages. POST timings of paraquat exposure resulted in corn height reductions of 13% to 50%, except at V7, which was most likely due to rapid internode elongation at that stage. Likewise, yield loss occurred after all exposure times of paraquat except PRE, compared with the NTC. Corn yield was reduced 1,740 to 5,120 kg ha−1 compared with the NTC, generally worsening as exposure time was delayed. Paraquat exposure did not reduce corn ear length, compared with the NTC, at any growth stage. However, paraquat exposure at V3 or V5 was associated with reduction of kernel rows by 1.1 and 1.7, respectively, relative to the NTC. Paraquat and fomesafen applications near corn should be avoided if conditions are conducive for off-target movement, because significant injury and yield loss can result.

Conventional Soybean Plant and Progeny Response to Glyphosate

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Glyphosate Drift

Field studies were conducted to determine the sensitivity of conventional ‘Motte’ and ‘Pioneer 9831’ soybean to simulated glyphosate drift rates applied during vegetative and reproductive development and the effect of glyphosate on progeny. Glyphosate at 8, 84, and 420 g ae/ha was applied to soybean at the V3, V6, R2, and R5 growth stages. Glyphosate at 8 and 84 g/ha did not reduce soybean plant population, growth, or yield or cause deleterious effects on progeny, regardless of the growth stage at application. Soybean population, growth, and yield were reduced as much as 99 to 100% after application of 420 g/ha glyphosate at the V3 growth stage. Glyphosate at 420 g/ha applied at V6 was less detrimental to soybean compared with the V3 timing. Delaying the application of 420 g/ha glyphosate until R2 and R5 reduced soybean yields 22 to 49% and 43 to 44%, respectively. Soybean injury from 420 g/ha glyphosate was generally transient or less severe when applied at the V6 growth stage or later. However, 420 g/ha glyphosate at R5 (initial podfill) caused a 390 to 450 kg/ha yield reduction compared with the V6 application, which indicated greater soybean vulnerability to glyphosate drift during podfill than in the late-stage vegetative development. Although glyphosate at 420 g/ha was injurious to soybean, regardless of application timing, progeny was not affected.

Soybean Sensitivity to Drift Rates of Imazosulfuron

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep S. Rana ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Imazosulfuron is a sulfonylurea herbicide recently labeled in U.S. rice at a maximum rate of 336 g ai ha−1. Soybean is prone to drift of herbicides from rice fields in the southern United States because these crops are often grown in close proximity. Field trials were conducted to determine the effect of low rates of imazosulfuron applied to nonsulfonylurea-resistant soybean at different growth stages. Soybean was treated at the vegetative cotyledonary (VC); vegetative second trifoliate (V2); vegetative sixth trifoliate (V6); and reproductive full bloom (R2) growth stages with 1/256 (1.3 g ha−1) to 1/4 (84.1 g ha−1) times (X) the maximum labeled rate of imazosulfuron. Soybean was injured regardless of application rate or timing. At 2 wk after treatment (WAT), imazosulfuron injured soybean 23 to 79, 44 to 76, 32 to 68, and 14 to 50% when applied at the VC, V2, V6, and R2 growth stages, respectively, where the highest injury was caused by the highest imazosulfuron rate (1/4X). However, by 20 wk after planting (WAP), soybean treated with imazosulfuron at the VC and V2 growth stages had only 0 to 17% and 8 to 53% injury, respectively. At higher rates [1/8 (42 g ha−1) and 1/4X] of imazosulfuron, soybean treated at the VC growth stage recovered more from injury than did soybean treated at the V2 growth stage. Soybean treated with imazosulfuron at the V6 and R2 growth stages had better recovery from the injury at the lower two rates [1/256 and 1/128X (2.6 g ha−1)] than at the higher rates [1/64 (5.3 g ha−1) to 1/4X]. Imazosulfuron, at all rates tested, delayed soybean maturity by 1 to 4, 2 to 6, 1 to 12, and 3 to 16 d for the VC, V2, V6, and R2 growth stages, respectively. Yield loss was greater when imazosulfuron was applied at V6 and R2 compared to applications at VC and V2. Results from this research indicate that imazosulfuron can severely injure soybean regardless of the growth stage at which drift occurs; however, soybean injured by imazosulfuron at early growth stages (VC and V2) has a better chance of recovery over time compared to drift at later growth stages (V6 and R2).

scholarly journals Impact of postemergence herbicides on soybean injury and canopy formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-734
Author(s):  
Grant L. Priess ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Trenton L. Roberts ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

AbstractField studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Arkansas to evaluate the injury caused by herbicides on soybean canopy formation and yield. Fomesafen, acifluorfen, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, and S-metolachlor + fomesafen + chlorimuron alone and in combination with glufosinate were applied to glufosinate-resistant soybean at the V2 growth stage. Soybean injury resulting from these labeled herbicide treatments ranged from 9% to 25% at 2 wk after application. This level of injury resulted in a 4-, 5-, 6-, and 6-d delay in soybean reaching 80% groundcover following fomesafen, acifluorfen, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, and S-metolachlor + fomesafen + chlorimuron, respectively. There was a 2-d delay in soybean reaching a canopy volume of 15,000 cm3 following each of the four herbicide treatments. The addition of glufosinate to the herbicide applications resulted in longer delays in canopy formation with every herbicide treatment except glufosinate + fomesafen. Fomesafen, acifluorfen, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, and S-metolachlor + fomesafen + chlorimuron, each applied with glufosinate, delayed soybean from reaching 80% groundcover by 2, 7, 8, and 9 d, respectively, and delayed the number of days for soybean to reach a canopy volume of 15,000 cm3 by 2, 3, 2, and 2 d, respectively. No yield loss occurred with any herbicide application. A delay in percent groundcover in soybean allows sunlight to reach the soil surface for longer periods throughout the growing season, possibly promoting late-season weed germination and the need for an additional POST herbicide application.

Critical period for weed control in field pea

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mainpal Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Virender Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Density

Field studies were conducted during 2008-09 and 2009-10 at Hisar, India to assess the effect of weed competition on crop growth and yield of field pea. Weed density increased up to 60 days and then decreased at later stages of crop growth. Seed yield of field pea was decreased by 50% when weeds were allowed to compete for the entire season. The critical period for weed control was 21-63 days in year 1 and 20-70 days in year 2 to achieve 95% of weed-free yield. It is therefore concluded that, to minimize yield loss due to weed competition in field pea, weed control measures should be targeted to avoid weed competition between 20-70 days after sowing.

Soybean (Glycine max) Response to Weed Interference and Rhizoctonia Foliar Blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 842-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. David Black ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
John S. Russin ◽  
Johnnie P. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Soybean Plants

Field studies evaluated response of soybean to Rhizoctonia foliar blight (RFB) disease in combination with varying densities of common cocklebur, hemp sesbania, or johnsongrass. Soybean plants at both V10 and R1 growth stages were not inoculated or inoculated with suspensions containing equal concentrations ofRhizoctonia solaniAG-1 IA and IB mycelia. Intensity of RFB was rated weekly beginning at V1 soybean growth stage, and data were used to determine area under disease progress curves. Intensity of RFB was greater in 1993 than in 1994. When averaged across weed species and weed densities, soybean yield in 1993 was reduced 18% in plots inoculated withR. solanicompared with those not inoculated. Intensity of RFB, however, did not differ between inoculated and noninoculated plots in 1994. Interactions betweenR. solaniand weed density for RFB intensity and yield were not significant either year. Soybean yields in 1994, however, were reduced by hemp sesbania and johnsongrass in inoculated plots. Soybean maturity was delayed both years when hemp sesbania was present.

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