scholarly journals Effect of Food Restriction on Adipose Tissue in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisayo Morinaga ◽  
Takeshi Ohta ◽  
Kenichi Matsui ◽  
Tomohiko Sasase ◽  
Sumiaki Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Novel Drug

Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-fa/fa(SDT fatty) rat is a new model of obese type 2 diabetes. SDT fatty rat exhibits obesity associated with hyperphagia. In this study, SDT fatty rats were subjected to pair-feeding with SDT-+/+ (SDT) rats from 6 to 22 weeks of age. The ratio of visceral fat weight to subcutaneous fat weight (V/S) decreased at 12 weeks of age in the pair-feeding rats. The intraperitoneal fat weight such as epididymal and retroperitoneal fat weight decreased, whereas mesenteric fat weight had no change. Cell size of the epididymal fat in the pair-feeding rats tended to decrease. Glucose oxidation level in epididymal fat in the pair-feeding rats at 12 weeks of age was recovered to a similar level with that in SDT rats. These results indicated that SDT fatty rat is a useful model to evaluate the functional or the morphological features in adipose tissue and develop a novel drug for antiobesity.

Dysfunction of human subcutaneous fat arterioles in obesity alone or obesity associated with Type 2 diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Georgescu ◽  
Doina Popov ◽  
Anamaria Constantin ◽  
Miruna Nemecz ◽  
Nicoleta Alexandru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
No Production ◽  
Insulin Signalling Pathway

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of obesity alone and obesity associated with Type 2 diabetes on the structure, vascular reactivity and response to insulin of isolated human subcutaneous fat arterioles; these effects were correlated with the expression of insulin signalling proteins. Periumbilical subcutaneous adipose tissue was explanted during surgery, small arterioles (internal diameter 220±40 μm) were dissected out and investigated by electron microscopy, myography and immunoblotting. Compared with the subcutaneous arterioles of lean subjects, obesity activated the endothelium, enhanced the accumulation of collagen within vascular wall and increased the sensitivity of adrenergic response; obesity also diminished eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) protein expression, NO production, and endothelium-dependent and insulin-induced vasodilatation, as well as the protein expression of both IRS (insulin receptor substrates)-1 and IRS-2 and of the downstream molecules in the insulin signalling pathway, such as PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), phospho-Akt and Akt. When obesity was associated with Type 2 diabetes, these changes were significantly augmented. In conclusion, obesity alone or obesity associated with Type 2 diabetes alters human periumbilical adipose tissue arterioles in terms of structure, function and biochemsitry, including diminished eNOS expression and reduced levels of IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3K and Akt in the insulin signalling pathway.

scholarly journals Anthropological Characteristic of the Distribution of Adipose Tissue in Bulgarian Females with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Folia Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416
Author(s):  
Atanas G. Baltadjiev ◽  
Stefka V. Vladeva ◽  
Dimitar B. Bahariev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Tissue

Abstract Background: The complex study of adipose tissue in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is of importance for the clinical course and prognosis of the disease. Aim: To study the distribution of adipose tissue in Bulgarian females with T2DM. Patients and methods: The study included 92 women with T2DM (age range 40-60 years). The control group consisted of 40 age-matched women. Measurement parameters: height, weight, 9 skinfolds (sf) – sfTriceps, sfBiceps brachii, sfForearm, sfSubscapular, sfXrib, sfAbdomen, sfSuprailiaca, sfThigh, and sfCalf; bioelectrical impedance analysis - % body fat tissue and visceral fat tissue. Calculated indexes: body mass index (BMI), the ratio sfTrunk to sfLimbs, the ratio skin folds upper half of body/skin folds lower half of body, fat mass and subcutaneous fat mass. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the means of sfTriceps, sfXrib, sfThigh, sfCalf, % body fat tissue, visceral fat tissue, and fat mass and subcutaneous fat mass between the diabetic and healthy women. The body composition of diabetic females aged 40-60 years contained a larger adipose component than controls. Visceral adipose tissue which determines the body composition is a reliable indicator of the health risks in diabetic women. Conclusion: The pattern of subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in diabetic females aged 40-60 yrs was primarily in the upper torso region and less so in the limbs. In the controls adipose tissue is accumulated primarily in the limbs and in the lower part of the body.

scholarly journals Changes in Omentin Levels and Its mRNA Expression in Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients Undergoing Elective Cardiac Surgery: the Influence of Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease

2018 ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. MATLOCH ◽  
H. KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ ◽  
A. CINKAJZLOVÁ ◽  
M. LIPŠ ◽  
P. KOPECKÝ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Elective Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Artery Disease

Omentin is a protein produced by numerous tissues including adipose tissue. Its concentrations are decreased in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Experimental studies suggest that omentin may have anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. In the present study, we measured circulating omentin levels and its mRNA expression in epicardial and subcutaneous fat, intercostal and heart muscle before and after elective cardiac surgery in patients with CAD (CAD+, DM-, n=18), combination of CAD and DM (CAD+, DM+, n=9) or with none of these conditions (CAD-, DM-, n=11). The groups did not differ in baseline anthropometric and biochemical characteristics with the exception of higher blood glucose and HBA1c in CAD+, DM+ group. Baseline circulating omentin levels tended to be lower in CAD+, DM- and CAD+, DM+ groups as compared to CAD-, DM- group and cardiac surgery increased its concentration only in CAD-, DM- group. The change in serum omentin levels during surgery inversely correlated with epicardial fat thickness. While baseline omentin mRNA expression did not differ among the groups in any of the studied tissues, its increase after surgery was present only in subcutaneous fat in CAD-, DM- and CAD+, DM- groups, but not in CAD+, DM+ group. Intercostal muscle omentin mRNA expression increased after surgery only in CAD-, DM- group. In conclusion, cardiac surgery differentially affects omentin levels and subcutaneous fat and skeletal muscle mRNA expression in patients without coronary artery disease and diabetes as compared to patients with these conditions.

scholarly journals MR spectroscopy of hepatic fat and adiponectin and leptin levels during testosterone therapy in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
L V Magnussen ◽  
P E Andersen ◽  
A Diaz ◽  
J Ostojic ◽  
K Højlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Double Blinded

Background Men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) often have lowered testosterone levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ectopic fat increases the risk of CVD, whereas subcutaneous gluteofemoral fat protects against CVD and has a beneficial adipokine-secreting profile. Hypothesis Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may reduce the content of ectopic fat and improve the adipokine profile in men with T2D. Design and methods A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study in 39 men aged 50–70 years with T2D and bioavailable testosterone levels <7.3 nmol/L. Patients were randomized to TRT (n = 20) or placebo gel (n = 19) for 24 weeks. Thigh subcutaneous fat area (TFA, %fat of total thigh volume), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT, % fat of total abdominal volume) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT, % fat of total abdominal volume) were measured by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Hepatic fat content was estimated by single-voxel MR spectroscopy. Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by in-house immunofluorometric assay. Coefficients (b) represent the placebo-controlled mean effect of intervention. Results TFA (b = −3.3 percentage points (pp), P = 0.009), SAT (b = −3.0 pp, P = 0.006), levels of adiponectin (b = −0.4 mg/L, P = 0.045), leptin (b = −4.3 µg/mL, P < 0.001), leptin:adiponectin ratio (b = −0.53, P = 0.001) and HDL cholesterol (b = −0.11 mmol/L, P = 0.009) decreased during TRT compared with placebo. Hepatic fat content and VAT were unchanged. Conclusions The effects of TRT on cardiovascular risk markers were ambiguous. We observed potentially harmful changes in cardiovascular risk parameters, markedly reduced subcutaneous fat and unchanged ectopic fat during TRT and a reduction in adiponectin levels. On the other hand, the decrease in leptin and leptin:adiponectin ratio assessments could reflect an amelioration of the cardiovascular risk profile linked to hyperleptinaemia in ageing men with T2D.

scholarly journals NDRG1 Activity in Fat Depots Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Incretin Profile in Patients With Morbid Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurii Stafeev ◽  
Igor Sklyanik ◽  
Elizaveta Mamontova ◽  
Svetlana Michurina ◽  
Ekaterina Shestakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Omental Fat

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate insulin-, mTOR- and SGK1-dependent signaling basal states in morbidly obese patients’ fat. We analyzed the correlation between the signaling activity, carbohydrate metabolism, and incretin profiles of patients.MethodsThe omental and subcutaneous fat was obtained in patients with obesity. The omental study included 16 patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 17 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); the subcutaneous study included 9 NGT patients and 12 T2DM patients. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test and HOMA-IR index. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for NGT patients and mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) for T2DM patients were performed. The levels of incretins (GLP-1, GIP, oxyntomodulin) and glucagon were measured during the tests. Signaling was analyzed by Western blotting in adipose tissue biopsies.ResultsWe have shown equal levels of basal phosphorylation of insulin- and mTOR-dependent signaling in omental fat depot in NGT and T2DM obese patients. Nevertheless, pNDRG1-T346 was decreased in omental fat of T2DM patients. Correlation analysis has shown an inverse correlation of pNDRG1-T346 in omental fat and diabetic phenotype (HbA1c, impaired incretin profile (AUC GLP-1, glucagon)). Moreover, pNDRG1-T346 in subcutaneous fat correlated with impaired incretin levels among obese patients (inverse correlation with AUC glucagon and AUC GIP).ConclusionsAccording to results of the present study, we hypothesize that phosphorylation of pNDRG1-T346 can be related to impairment in incretin hormone processing. pNDRG1-T346 in adipose tissue may serve as a marker of diabetes-associated impairments of the systemic incretin profile and insulin sensitivity.

1715-P: Impaired Postprandial Adipose Tissue Microvascular Blood Flow in Healthy People with a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1715-P
Author(s):  
KATHERINE ROBERTS-THOMSON ◽  
RYAN D. RUSSELL ◽  
DONGHUA HU ◽  
TIMOTHY M. GREENAWAY ◽  
ANDREW C. BETIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Family History ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Microvascular Blood Flow ◽  
History Of

1973-P: Single-Nuclei Transcriptomics of Human Adipose Tissue Identify Distinct Adipocyte Progenitor Subpopulations in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1973-P
Author(s):  
CLARISSA STRIEDER-BARBOZA ◽  
CARMEN G. FLESHER ◽  
LYNN M. GELETKA ◽  
ROBERT W. OROURKE ◽  
CAREY N. LUMENG
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue
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