scholarly journals Reduced Voltage Scaling in Clock Distribution Networks

VLSI Design ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khader Mohammad ◽  
Ayman Dodin ◽  
Bao Liu ◽  
Sos Agaian
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Reduction ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Minimum Area ◽  
Clock Distribution Networks ◽  
Noise Margin ◽  
Voltage Swing ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Circuit Technique

We propose a novel circuit technique to generate a reduced voltage swing (RVS) signals for active power reduction on main buses and clocks. This is achieved without performance degradation, without extra power supply requirement, and with minimum area overhead. The technique stops the discharge path on the net that is swinging low at a certain voltage value. It reduces active power on the target net by as much as 33% compared to traditional full swing signaling. The logic 0 voltage value is programmable through control bits. If desired, the reduced-swing mode can also be disabled. The approach assumes that the logic 0 voltage value is always less than the threshold voltage of the nMOS receivers, which eliminate the need of the low to high voltage translation. The reduced noise margin and the increased leakage on the receiver transistors using this approach have been addressed through the selective usage of multithreshold voltage (MTV) devices and the programmability of the low voltage value.

scholarly journals Using Energy Storage Inverters of Prosumer Installations for Voltage Control in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Rozmysław Mieński ◽  
Przemysław Urbanek ◽  
Irena Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Total Power

The paper includes the analysis of the operation of low-voltage prosumer installation consisting of receivers and electricity sources and equipped with a 3-phase energy storage system. The aim of the storage application is the management of active power within the installation to decrease the total power exchanged with the supplying network and thus reduce energy costs borne by the prosumer. A solution for the effective implementation of the storage system is presented. Apart from the active power management performed according to the prosumer’s needs, the storage inverter provides the ancillary service of voltage regulation in the network according to the requirements of the network operator. A control strategy involving algorithms for voltage regulation without prejudice to the prosumer’s interest is described in the paper. Reactive power is used first as a control signal and if the required voltage effect cannot be reached, then the active power in the controlled phase is additionally changed and the Energy Storage System (ESS) loading is redistributed in phases in such a way that the total active power set by the prosumer program remains unchanged. The efficiency of the control strategy was tested by means of a simulation model in the PSCAD/EMTDC program. The results of the simulations are presented.

scholarly journals Flexible Active Power Control for PV-ESS Systems: A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7388
Author(s):  
Xiangqiang Wu ◽  
Tamas Kerekes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Active Power Control

The penetration of solar energy in the modern power system is still increasing with a fast growth rate after long development due to reduced environmental impact and ever-decreasing photovoltaic panel cost. Meanwhile, distribution networks have to deal with a huge amount and frequent fluctuations of power due to the intermittent nature of solar energy, which influences the grid stability and could cause a voltage rise in the low-voltage grid. In order to reduce these fluctuations and ensure a stable and reliable power supply, energy storage systems are introduced, as they can absorb or release energy on demand, which provides more control flexibility for PV systems. At present, storage technologies are still under development and integrated in renewable applications, especially in smart grids, where lowering the cost and enhancing the reliability are the main tasks. This study reviews and discusses several active power control strategies for hybrid PV and energy storage systems that deliver ancillary services for grid support. The technological advancements and developments of energy storage systems in grid-tied PV applications are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Active Power Control of PV-Battery Connected MMC-HVDC System for FRT Support

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7186
Author(s):  
Md Ismail Hossain ◽  
Mohammad A. Abido
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Reduction ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Reduction Technique ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Transient Performance ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Hvdc System ◽  
Conductance Method

Modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based VSC system has become attractive around the world for renewable energy integration. Instead of a dynamic braking resistor, this work proposes an active power reduction technique for PV systems to support the fault ride through (FRT) of the MMC-HVDC system. In addition, it develops a battery control strategy to improve transient performance during solar radiation and temperature change due to partial shading of the PV panels. Besides, a control technique for the battery to regulate the surplus energy in the HVDC transmission network is developed. Furthermore, the proposed control scheme optimally integrates solar energy using the modified incremental conductance method. A feedforward controller was employed to create a standalone AC grid. The complete system has been implemented in real-time digital simulation (RTDS). The results confirm the efficacy of active power reduction technique to protect the HVDC link voltage and battery control strategy for the improvement of transient performance during the irradiance and temperature changes. Besides, it improves the low voltage ride-through capability during balanced and unbalanced disturbances at the point of common coupling.

scholarly journals Software Solution for Modeling, Sizing, and Allocation of Active Power Filters in Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Dawid Buła ◽  
Dariusz Grabowski ◽  
Michał Lewandowski ◽  
Marcin Maciążek ◽  
Anna Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Active Power Filters ◽  
Power Filters ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The paper is related to the problem of modeling and optimizing power systems supplying, among others, nonlinear loads. A software solution that allows the modeling and simulation of power systems in the frequency domain as well as the sizing and allocation of active power filters has been developed and presented. The basic assumptions for the software development followed by the models of power system components and the optimization assumptions have been described in the paper. On the basis of an example of a low-voltage network, an analysis of the selection of the number and allocation of active power filters was carried out in terms of minimizing losses and investment costs under the assumed conditions for voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) coefficients in the network nodes. The presented examples show that the appropriate software allows for an in-depth analysis of possible solutions and, furthermore, the selection of the optimal one for a specific case, depending on the adopted limitations, expected effects, and investment costs. In addition, a very high computational efficiency of the adopted approach to modeling and simulation has been demonstrated, despite the use of (i) element models for which parameters depend on the operating point (named iterative elements), (ii) active filter models taking into account real harmonics reduction efficiency and power losses, and (iii) a brute force algorithm for optimization.

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