scholarly journals Association between Infant Feeding and Early Postpartum Infant Body Composition: A Pilot Prospective Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Kojo Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Early Postpartum Period ◽  
Prepregnancy Weight ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
The Impact

Research studies have produced conflicting results of the impact of breastfeeding on overweight/obesity. This study evaluated the impact of infant feeding on infant body composition. There were two groups of mother-infant pairs (exclusive breastfeeding [EBF;n=27] and mixed feeding [MF;n=13]) in this study. At baseline, participants were similar in their demographic characteristics except prepregnancy weight, where MF mothers tended to be heavier than their EBF counterparts (67.3 kg versus 59.9 kg;P=.034). Infant birth weight was slightly higher among the MF group than their EBF counterparts (3.5 kg versus 3.4 kg), although the differences were not statistically significant. At 3 months postpartum, mean infant FMI (4.1 kg/m2versus 3.8 kg/m2) and percent body fat (24.4% versus 23.1%) were slightly higher among EBF infants than MF infants. In terms of growth velocity, EBF infants gained weight faster than their MF counterparts, although the differences were not statistically significant. The findings from this study suggest that EBF may promote faster weight gain and increase in both fat mass index (FMI) and percent body fat in the early postpartum period in addition to the numerous health benefits enjoyed by the infant and the mother who exclusively breastfeeds her newborn.

Effects of Exergaming Based Exercise on Urban Children’s Physical Activity Participation and Body Composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 992-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan Gao ◽  
Ping Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Physical Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Background:Exergaming has been considered a fun solution to promoting a physically active lifestyle. This study examined the impact of an exergaming-based program on urban children’s physical activity participation, body composition and perceptions of the program.Methods:A sample of 185 children’s physical activity was measured in August 2009 (pretest), and percent body fat was used as index of body composition. Fourth graders were assigned to intervention group engaging in 30 minutes exergaming-based activities 3 times per week, while third and fifth graders were in comparison group. Measurements were repeated 9 months later (posttest). Interviews were conducted among 12 intervention children.Results:ANCOVA with repeated measures revealed a significant main effect for intervention, F(1, 179) = 10.69, P < .01. Specifically, intervention children had significantly greater increased physical activity levels than comparison children. Logistic regression for body composition indicated intervention children did not differ significantly in percent body fat change from comparison children, Chi square = 5.42, P = .14. Children interviewed reported positive attitudes toward the intervention.Conclusions:The implementation of exergaming-based program could have a significantly positive effect on children’s physical activity participation and attitudes. Meanwhile, long-term effect of the program on children’s body composition deserves further investigation.

Ultrasound Measurements of Subcutaneous Fat Thickness Are Robust Against Hydration Changes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dale R. Wagner ◽  
James D. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Impact

Ultrasound is an appealing tool to assess body composition, combining the portability of a field method with the accuracy of a laboratory method. However, unlike other body composition methods, the effect of hydration status on validity is unknown. This study evaluated the impact of acute hydration changes on ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness and estimates of body fat percentage. In a crossover design, 11 adults (27.1 ± 10.5 years) completed dehydration and hyperhydration trials to alter body mass by approximately ±2%. Dehydration was achieved via humid heat (40 °C, 60% relative humidity) with exercise, whereas hyperhydration was via ingestion of lightly salted water. Ultrasound measurements were taken at 11 body sites before and after each treatment. Participants lost 1.56 ± 0.58 kg (−2.0 ± 0.6%) during the dehydration trial and gained 0.90 ± 0.21 kg (1.2 ± 0.2%) during the hyperhydration trial even after urination. The sum of fat thicknesses as measured by ultrasound differed by <0.90 mm across trials (p = .588), and ultrasound estimates of body fat percentage differed by <0.5% body fat. Ultrasound measures of subcutaneous adipose tissue were unaffected by acute changes in hydration status by extents beyond which are rare and overtly self-correcting, suggesting that this method provides reliable and robust body composition results even when subjects are not euhydrated.

scholarly journals Hormonal and Body Composition Predictors of Soluble Leptin Receptor, Leptin, and Free Leptin Index in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa and Controls and Relation to Insulin Sensitivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 3486-3495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhusmita Misra ◽  
Karen K. Miller ◽  
Cecilia Almazan ◽  
Kavitha Ramaswamy ◽  
Avichal Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Soluble Leptin Receptor

Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with very low levels of leptin, a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue and known to suppress appetite. Leptin may play a permissive role in onset of puberty and in resumption of gonadal function in conditions of undernutrition. The soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) is the main leptin binding protein, and the ratio of serum leptin to sOB-R provides a measure of the free leptin index (FLI), which may be a more accurate determinant of leptin function. Determinants of sOB-R and FLI have not been examined in an adolescent population. We examined levels of sOB-R, leptin, and FLI, and body composition and hormonal determinants of these variables in 23 adolescent girls with AN and 21 healthy adolescent girls of comparable maturity prospectively over 1 yr. Measures of insulin resistance and adiponectin were also examined. We determined changes in levels of sOB-R, leptin, and FLI with weight recovery (defined as an increase in body mass index of ≥10%, n = 11), and with resumption of menstrual cycles (n = 13). Girls with AN had significantly higher levels of sOB-R (P = 0.0008) and significantly lower levels of leptin and FLI (P &lt; 0.0001 for both) than healthy controls, and levels of FLI were reduced more than levels of leptin in girls with AN compared with controls. An inverse correlation was noted between levels of leptin and sOB-R for the group as a whole (r = −0.64, P &lt; 0.0001) but not in girls with AN considered alone. The most important predictor of levels of sOB-R was cortisol in the group as a whole (r = 0.61, P &lt; 0.0001) and in girls with AN considered alone (r = 0.66, P = 0.0008). Other independent predictors of sOB-R levels for the entire group were percent body fat (r = −0.44, P = 0.003) and levels of IGF-I (r = −0.37, P = 0.01). The most important predictors of leptin and FLI were body mass index and percent body fat. An inverse relationship was noted between measures of insulin resistance and sOB-R levels, whereas a positive association was noted between these measures and leptin and FLI. Adiponectin values did not differ in girls with AN compared with healthy controls and did not correlate with sOB-R, leptin, or FLI. Weight recovery resulted in significant decreases in levels of the sOB-R (24.7 ± 1.7 to 17.6 ± 1.2 U/ml, P = 0.004), and increases in levels of leptin (4.4 ± 1.0 to 13.7 ± 2.9 μg/liter, P = 0.02). Resumption of menstrual function, but not weight recovery alone, was associated with significant increases in FLI (0.19 ± 0.04 to 0.50 ± 0.09 μg/U × 10−3, P = 0.02). We demonstrate an increase in levels of sOB-R and a decrease in the FLI in adolescent girls with AN, and also demonstrate that cortisol is the most important predictor of levels of sOB-R in this condition. Levels of leptin and FLI, conversely, are primarily predicted by body composition. Weight recovery is associated with a decrease in sOB-R and an increase in leptin. Resumption of menses is associated with significant increases in the FLI, suggesting that free leptin may be an important determinant of menstrual recovery.

scholarly journals The impact of ecbolic therapy in the early postpartum period on uterine involution and reproductive health in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril P. STEPHEN ◽  
Walter H. JOHNSON ◽  
Stephen J. LEBLANC ◽  
Robert A. FOSTER ◽  
Tracey S. CHENIER
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Postpartum Period ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
The Impact

Examination of Risk for Sleep-Disordered Breathing Among College Football Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailey Peck ◽  
Timothy Renzi ◽  
Hannah Peach ◽  
Jane Gaultney ◽  
Joseph S. Marino
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
College Football ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Track Athletes

Context: Professional football linemen are at risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) compared with other types of athletes. It is currently unknown whether college football linemen display a similar risk profile. Objective: (1) To determine for the first time whether college football linemen show risk for SDB and (2) test the hypothesis that SDB risk is higher in college football linemen compared with an athletic comparison group. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: The Health Risk Assessment Laboratory. Participants: Male football linemen (n = 21) and track (n = 19) Division I athletes between the ages of 18 and 22 years. Interventions: Participants completed the Multivariable Apnea Prediction Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale surveys, validated measures of symptoms of sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness, respectively. Neck and waist circumferences, blood pressure, Modified Mallampati Index (MMPI), and tonsil size were determined, followed by body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Main Outcome Measures: Scores from surveys, anthropometric data, MMPI, and body composition. Results: Survey data demonstrated a deficiency in sleep quality and efficiency, coinciding with increased self-reported symptoms of apnea (Multivariable Apnea Prediction Index = 0.78) in college linemen relative to track athletes. Neck circumference (44.36 cm), waist circumference (107.07 cm), body mass index (35.87 kg/m2), and percent body fat (29.20%), all of which exceeded the clinical predictors of risk for obstructive sleep apnea, were significantly greater in linemen compared with track athletes. Multivariable Apnea Prediction variables were significantly correlated with MMPI, neck circumference, percent body fat, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure (r ≥ .31, P < .05), indicating that college football linemen are at increased risk for SDB. Conclusions: Risk factors for SDB recognized in professional football linemen are also present at the college level. Screening may minimize present or future risk for SDB, as well as the downstream risk of SDB-associated metabolic and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Hubungan komposisi tubuh dengan kesegaran jasmani pada atlet hockey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Nury Latifah ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Ayu Rahadiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Spearman Test

Komposisi tubuh yang tidak optimal dapat menurunkan kesegaran jasmani atlet sehingga dapat terjadi penurunan performa ketika bertanding. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan persen lemak tubuh, persen massa otot, dan somatotype dengan kesegaran jasmani pada atlet hockey. Desain penelitian yaitu cross-sectional dengan jumlah subjek 35 atlet di Pelatihan Hockey Universitas Negeri Semarang dan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta yang dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Data persen lemak tubuh dan persen massa otot diukur menggunakan bioelectrical impedence analysis (BIA). Data somatotype menggunakan metode antropometri Heath-Carter dan data kesegaran jasmani berupa nilai VO2max diambil menggunakan metode Balke. Analisis data menggunakan uji Pearson, Rank Spearman dan uji regresi linier. Sebagian besar atlet hockey (54,3%) memiliki nilai VO2max dengan kategori baik. Nilai persen lemak tubuh terendah 6,8% dan nilai tertinggi 35%. Nilai persen massa otot terendah 23,9% dan nilai tertinggi 40,9%. Nilai rata-rata dari nilai endomorph, mesomorph, dan ectomorph adalah (-0,04)±0,3; 4,2±0,9; dan 2,3±1,2. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara persen lemak tubuh (p<0,001), persen massa otot (p<0,001), nilai endomorph (p<0,001), dan nilai ectomorph (p=0,016) dengan nilai VO2max. Variabel yang paling berkaitan dengan nilai VO2max adalah persen lemak (p<0,001). Correlation of body composition with physical fitness of hockey athletes AbstractSuboptimal body composition could reduce the physical fitness and performance of athletes. This study analyzed the relationship of percent body fat, percent muscle mass and somatotype on physical fitness in hockey athletes. This study was a cross-sectional study with 35 athletes in Pelatihan Hockey Universitas Negeri Semarang and Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta which selected by purposive sampling. Percent body fat and percent muscle mass were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Somatotype measurement used the anthropometric Heath-Carter method and physical fitness (VO2max) measurement by the Balke method. Data were analyzed using the Pearson test, Rank-Spearman test, and Linear Regression test. Most hockey athletes (54.3%) had good VO2max value. The lowest percentage of body fat was 6.8%. The highest percentage of muscle mass was 40.9%. The average value of the endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph values were (-0.04) ± 0.3; 4.2 ± 0,9; and 2.3 ± 1.2.  There were a significant relationship between percent body fat (p <0.001), percent muscle mass (p <0.001), endomorph value (p <0.001), and ectomorph value (p = 0.016) with VO2max value. Percent of body fat was the most related variable to VO2max (p<0.001).

scholarly journals The effect of 8 weeks beta-alanine supplementation and resistance training on maximal-intensity exercise performance adaptations in young males

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Askari ◽  
F. Rahmaninia
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Beta Alanine

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks beta-alanine (BA) supplementation with resistance training on some components of physical fitness and body composition in young males. Methods : Twenty healthy young men volunteered to participate for the study and divided into two groups and performed 8-week resistance training while supplementing with either BA or placebo (4.8 g per day). The subjects were evaluated for 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and leg press, vertical jump (VJ), anaerobic power (RAST) prior to and after training intervention. In addition, body composition variables such as percent body fat, and BMI were assessed per and post training period. Results : Both the groups showed significant increases in 1RM bench press and leg press, VJ, and anaerobic power (RAST), and also the BA supplementation group showed greater gains compared with the placebo. In addition, percent body fat decreased significantly in BA and placebo groups, while no statistically significant changes were seen in BMI for the BA supplementation group and placebo group. Conclusions : The results indicated that resistance training improved physical performance and BA supplementation induced greater gains and therefore it could be recommend to coaches and athletes who use this supplementation to greater gains in physical fitness variables.

scholarly journals Body composition and the level of fitness in 10 to 14-year-old girls in western Hungary: the impact of the new PE curriculum

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Zsolt Szakály ◽  
Ferenc Ihász ◽  
Csaba Konczos ◽  
Balázs Fügedi ◽  
József Bognár
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Impact

SummaryStudy aim: Over the last two decades, the body fat mass has been increasing and the level of physical fitness has been decreasing in school-aged children. Due to the health-related concerns that have arisen regarding school-aged children, the Hungarian government introduced everyday physical education in 2012. Since girls are more disposed to higher body fat and low fitness levels, the aim of our study was to characterise the physique, body composition and aerobic capacity of 10 to 14-year-old girls three years after the introduction of the new curriculum with daily PE lessons. Material and methods: All of the primary schools that were selected to participate in this study serve as partnership schools in the University of West Hungary’s teacher training programme (N = 8). The sample included only those upper primary school girls (10 to 14 years of age) who participated in the everyday physical education lesson (N = 543). Standard anthropometric techniques and a 20m shuttle run test were selected for the analysis. Results: An important result of this study was the finding that differences in the body composition features were consistently significant among the age groups. However, there were no differences among the age groups in the results of the 20 m multi-stage fitness test, nor in the girls’ relative aerobic capacity. Conclusions: It can be presumed that an unfavourable body composition and poor fitness occur primarily in the prepuberty years. Everyday physical education serves as a good opportunity for shaping the girls’ fitness level and body composition, and also for encouraging healthy active living.

scholarly journals Body composition in children with cerebral palsy and its relationship with dynamic muscle strength, balance and energy cost of ambulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
U.M. Badaru ◽  
L.S. Dabo ◽  
J.H. Nuhu ◽  
R.Y. Ahmad ◽  
M.A. Abba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cost Index

Cerebral palsy (CP) causes walking disability in children which could lead to profound changes in body composition. This study assessed relationship between body composition and each of dynamic muscle strength, mobility and energy cost of ambulation (ECA) among children with CP. The cross sectional survey, recruited participants from a secondary and a tertiary hospitals in Kano. Body composition was assessed with BMI for age charts and skin fold calipher. Dynamic muscle strength, balance and ECA were assessed with step-up test, time-up-and-go test and physiological cost index respectively. Data was analysed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation and unpaired t test at alpha level of P<0.05 using SPSS version 20 and Microsof excel. Twenty four children took part in the study, 13 (54.2%) females and 11(45.8%) males. Their mean age was 10.0 ± 4.6 years. Majority of them 17 (70.8%) were underweight. The mean percent body fat score was 11.78±3.85, with females having significantly higher amount of body fat than males (t=-3.37; P=0.003). There were no significant correlations between body compositon and each of dynamic muscle strength, balance and ECA (p>0.05). It was concluded that about two-thirds of the children with CP in the study are underweight and having low percent body fat. Body composition may not have significant influence on the muscle strength, stability and the energy expended during walking function. Paediatricians and physiotherapists should encourage caregivers of children with CP to feed them with balanced diet in order to avoid diseases associated with malnutrition.

BODY COMPOSITION CHANGES AMONG US ARMY BASIC TRAINEES WITH HIGH AND LOW PERCENT BODY FAT

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S369
Author(s):  
M. A. Ito ◽  
M. A. Sharp ◽  
J. F. Patton ◽  
R. P. Mello ◽  
J. J. Knapik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Composition Changes
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