scholarly journals Intrinsic Factors Influencing the Infection by Helminth Parasites in Horses under an Oceanic Climate Area (NW Spain)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Francisco ◽  
M. Arias ◽  
F. J. Cortiñas ◽  
R. Francisco ◽  
E. Mochales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Oceanic Climate ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Age And Sex

A coprological survey to determine the influence of some intrinsic factors (breed, age, and sex) on the infection by helminth parasites in equine livestock (n=418) under an oceanic climate area (NW Spain) was conducted. Faecal samples were individually collected and analyzed by the coprological techniques. The main strongylid genera identified wereTrichonemaandCyalocephalusspp (small strongyles) andStrongylusandTriodontophorus(large strongyles). The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode was 89% (95% CI 86, 92) and 1% cestoda (0, 2). The percentage of horses with strongyloid parasites was 89% (86, 92), 11% (8, 14) forParascaris, and 3% (1, 5) forOxyuris. The highest prevalence for ascariosis was observed in the youngest horses (<3 years), for oxyurosis in the >10 years animals, and for strongylosis in the 3–10 years ones. Females were significantly more parasitized than males. A negative correlation between the age and the egg-excretion of ascarids and strongyles was recorded. The autochthonous and the English Pure Blood horses were the most parasitized. We concluded that the infections by helminths, especially the strongyloids, are significantly common in the region, so that greater importance should be given to this situation.

Cycles in symbol production? A new model to explain concentration, diversity and innovation in the music industry

Popular Music ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Christianen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recording Industry ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
New Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One

With the publication of the article ‘Cycles in symbol production’ (Peterson and Berger 1975) a discussion started concerning the advantages and disadvantages of the production of cultural goods under market conditions. The analysis by Peterson and Berger showed a negative correlation between concentration in the recording industry, on the one hand, and the diversity and innovativeness of the music, on the other. Repetition of the analysis using data from the 1980s (Burnett 1990; Lopes 1992) has shown that for this period Peterson and Berger's hypotheses should be rejected. Is there a connection between concentration and diversity and innovation? Are there cycles in symbol production? There seems to be no conclusive answer. In this article, I will attempt to clear up this matter. First, I will repeat the analysis of the relation between concentration and diversity/innovation, using the same model as Peterson and Berger, but with different definitions for the variables concentration, diversity and innovation. Then I will suggest a new model, which can be helpful in uncovering other factors influencing diversity and innovation in the music industry. I will come to that later. Let me first give the reader a brief overview of previous research.

Helminth parasites of Jamaican anoles (Reptilia: Iguanidae): variation in prevalence and intensity with host age and sex in a population of Anolis lineatopus

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vogel ◽  
D. A. P. Bundy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYThe Jamaican iguanid lizard Anolis lineatopus is the host of 4 species of helminth parasite: an acanthocephalan (Centrorhynchus spinosus), a digenean (Mesocoelium danforthi), and 2 nematodes (Cyrtosumum scelopori and Thelandros (?cubensis). Prevalance of C. spinosus was unrelated to host age but was considerably higher in males (43%) than in females (10%). The intensity increased with host age: (range: 1–23, median: 3). Prevalence of C. scelopori increased with host age in both sexes: juveniles (<3 months) were uninfected while infection occurred in almost all lizards older than 9 months. Intensity was higher in males (range: 1–403, median: 158) than in females (range: 1–297, median: 86). The infection patterns of C. spinosus and C. scelopori differed significantly from each other and were not consistent with a simplistic direct relationship between time of exposure and infection prevalence. Acanthocephalan and digenean infections occurred at low prevalence and intensity although prevalence in older, larger lizards tended to be higher than in younger, smaller ones.

scholarly journals Parasitology and urban livestock farming in Nigeria : prevalence of ova in faecal and soil samples and animal ectoparasites in Makurdi

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Omudu ◽  
E.U. Amuta
Keyword(s):  
Test Tube ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Domestic environmental pollution resulting from urban livestock farming was investigated in Makurdi using parasitological techniques. The test tube flotation technique was used for the parasitological analysis of animal faecal matter and soil samples collected from residential premises. Ectoparasitic fauna of dogs, goats, sheep and cattle cohabiting with humans within the same residential compound were also collected and identified. The hand-picking and body brushing methods were employed to search for ticks, fleas, lice and mites. Of the 150 soil samples examined, 55 (36.7 %) were positive for 1 or more eggs of helminth parasites. There was no significant difference in the distribution of eggs in the soil samples from the 3 areas sampled (c2=0.046, df=2, P>0.05). Ascaris species were the dominant parasite eggs found. Of the 180 faecal samples examined, 107 (59.4 %) were positive for 1 or more eggs of helminth parasites. Chi-square analysis showed no significant difference in the level of infection of different animal faeces sampled (c2=5.74, df=4, P>0.05). Ascaris species were again the dominating helminth parasite eggs found. There was also no significant difference in the prevalence of helminth eggs in the animal faecal samples from the 3 areas sampled (c2=5.99, df=4, P>0.05). A total of 1908 ectoparasites was recovered (ticks: 32.80 %; lice: 22.43 %; fleas: 22.06% and mite: 22.69 %). There was no significant difference in infestation animals between sexes (c2=0.10, df=4, P>0.05). The predominant genus encountered for ticks were Amblyomma, while Linognathus (43.90%), Ctenocephalides (97.38%) and Sarcoptes (58.89 %) were most predominant for lice, fleas and mites respectively. The public health implications of the findings, especially as these relate to the increasing incidence and prevalence of zoonotic infections, are discussed.

scholarly journals Reduction rate of nematode egg counts and third-stage larvae development from sheep and goat faeces preserved at 4οC

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DRIMTZIA ◽  
E. PAPADOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Larvae Development

Gastrointestinal nematode parasites cause major production losses to small ruminants. The most common way to diagnose or monitor the worm burdens in sheep and goats remains the quantitative parasitological examinations, i.e. the faecal egg counts. However, the reliability of the results of such methods depends greatly on the conditions and duration of the storage of the faecal samples prior to examination. The aim of this research was to evaluate the reduction rate and the maximum storage period, without significant losses, of nematode egg counts and third-stage larvae development from sheep and goat faeces preserved at 4οC. Towards this end, a pooled faecal sample was formed by collecting faeces from naturally infected sheep and goats (separately). Faecal egg counts and coprocultures were performed on fresh faeces and on preserved ones every week and up to 119 days post sampling. It was concluded that the preservation at 4oC, i.e. into a refrigerator, of fresh faeces from sheep and goats for parasitological examinations poses danger of misdiagnosis, if not performed in a period not exceeding 3 weeks of time. The rate of reduction of the faecal nematode egg counts starts to be significant lower than the ones performed with fresh samples, for both sheep and goats, after the third week of storage. The percentage of the gastrointestinal nematode larvae developing to the infective third–stage alters significantly for the Haemonchus genus, soon after the first week of storage (p<0.05).

scholarly journals Resistance of Black Bengal goat to Haemonchus contortus

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
NN Retee ◽  
MMH Mondal ◽  
AI Omar ◽  
K Periasamy ◽  
JF Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Age And Sex

Artificial challenge trial and field trial were carried out in two populations of Black Bengal goat in Bangladesh to evaluate the resistance to Haemonchus Contortus-a major gastrointestinal nematode in goat. Artificial challenge trial revealed that there was no difference in susceptibility of H. contortus in Black Bengal goat of hilly region (BBH) and Black Bengal goat of western region (BBW). In absence of parasitic infection, growth rate of kids of both populations were almost equal. Field trial was conducted with kids of BBW population to find out the within breed variation. Numerically, there was variation among the individuals for parasitic load however the results were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). At individual level, the parasite load ranged from 100 to 400 eggs per gram (epg). The location of villages, age and sex of kids did not influence on the parasitic load of kids. There was no interaction for location, age and sex for body weight at day 8. The Packed Cell Volume and Hemoglobin values differed significantly (p < 0.01) due to age of kids at day 8 and 28 after deworming. The results indicate that Black Bengal goat can be considered as resilience to H. contortus. Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 55-64, 2019

scholarly journals Bariatric Surgery Is Protective Against Renal Function Decline in Severely Obese Patients in the Long-Term

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lautenbach ◽  
Jan-Wilhelm Wienecke ◽  
Fabian Stoll ◽  
Nina Riedel ◽  
Oliver Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Renal Function Decline ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Purpose This study aims to assess the long-term renal effects of bariatric surgery (BS) in severely obese patients over a follow-up period of up to 11 years. Materials and Methods In a retrospective cohort study including 102 patients, patients were stratified by eGFR at baseline and divided into three groups: (1) reduced, (2) normal, and (3) increased filtration rate. Adjustments for age- and sex-related decline in eGFR were performed. We used uni- and multivariate regression analysis to identify variables that were thought to determine change in eGFR. Results Over a median follow-up of 8.5 years (interquartile range 2.7), eGFR declined from 96.1 ± 20.7 to 84.9 ± 21.0 ml/min (p < 0.001). Among patients with (1), eGFR remained stable (69.1 ± 19.3 ml/min). Among patients with (2), eGFR declined from 99.7 ± 13.3 ml/min to 88.7 ± 19.4 ml/min (p < 0.001). Among patients with (3), eGFR decreased to normal levels (94.2 ± 17.7 ml/min, p < 0.001). Age- and sex-adjusted eGFR increased (6.4 ± 14.4 ml/min; p < 0.05) among patients with reduced filtration rate. Among patients with normal filtration rate, adjusted eGFR remained stable during follow-up (−1.3 ± 15.2 ml/min; n.s.). Among patients with increased filtration rate, adjusted eGFR decreased and remained within the normal range (−13.2 ± 12.2 ml/min; p < 0.001). Change in eGFR showed a negative correlation with eGFR at baseline (B = −0.31; p < 0.001), change in LDL-cholesterol (B = -0.09; p < 0.05), and a negative correlation with treatment requiring hypertension (B = -9.36; p = 0.001). Conclusion BS is protective against renal function decline in severely obese patients in the long term.

scholarly journals Helminth parasites of dogs from two resource-limited communities in South Africa : research communication

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Minnaar ◽  
R.C. Krecek ◽  
J.I. Rajput
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Faecal Samples

Biological samples were collected from dogs in resource-limited communities in the North-West and Gauteng Provinces of South Africa to assess the prevalence of helminth parasitism. These samples included adhesive tape peri-anal skin swabs and fresh faecal samples for helminth examination, and thick and thin blood films (smears) and whole-blood samples in anticoagulant for examination of filarial nematode microfilariae and haemoprotozoa. The eggs of Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Dipylidium caninum and taeniids were identified. None of the blood samples and smears tested positive for microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis or Dipetalonema spp. or for haemoprotozoa. The adhesive tape swabs were negative for cestode eggs and segments. Most of the helminth parasites identified in this study are zoonotic and consequently are regarded as a public health hazard.

scholarly journals Cattle gastrointestinal nematode egg-spiked faecal samples: high recovery rates using the Mini-FLOTAC technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Amadesi ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
Edwin Claerebout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Flotac Technique

scholarly journals Prevalence and Intensity of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Donkeys in Selected Abattoirs in Kenya

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Mulwa ◽  
Samuel Githigia ◽  
Davis Karanja ◽  
Cecilia Mbae ◽  
Eberhard Zeyhle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Strongylus Vulgaris ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Setaria Equina

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys slaughtered in Kinamba, Mogotio, and Lodwar slaughterhouses and their association with several host factors. A survey was done between July and September 2017 in three slaughterhouses. Faecal samples were collected per rectum from all the study donkeys for faecal egg counts (EPG) and morphological identification of the eggs. At slaughter, the gastrointestinal tracts were opened and examined visually, and all helminth parasites collected were subjected to morphological identification. Prevalence and intensity were calculated based on the helminth identified and EPG. A total of 282 donkeys were sampled. A majority of the donkeys (89%) were in poor body condition. Ten helminth parasite species were identified in 85.5% donkeys. They were Strongylus vulgaris (52.8%), Parascaris equorum (20.2%), Strongylus edentatus (12.1%), Anaplocephala perfoliata (10.3%), Setaria equina (3.5%) Anaplocephala magna (2.5%), Cylicocyclus auriculatus (2.1%), Cyathostomum species (1.8%), Strongylus equinus (0.4%), and Triodontophorus serratus (0.4%). A significant percentage (55.3%) had no eggs in their feces, 39% had low infection, 5% had medium, and only 0.7% were heavily infected. Prevalence rates via use of the EPG showed Strongyles (44.7%), Parascaris equorum (5.3%), Oxyuris equi (11%), Triodontophorus tenuicolis (0.7%), Habronema species (0.7%), and cestodes eggs (0.4%). No significant differences were observed between fecal Strongylus egg count and age, sex, and pregnancy status. However, donkeys with poor body condition shed more Strongylus eggs in feces. Helminth infections are prevalent in donkeys in Kenya; however, this is not reflected in coprological analyses. These helminth parasites may contribute to poor body condition, ill health, and poor productivity of donkeys.

Intrinsic Factors Influencing Post Stroke Brain Reorganization

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor A. Bayona ◽  
Jamie Bitensky ◽  
Norine Foley ◽  
Robert Teasell
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Brain Reorganization
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