scholarly journals Primary Sternal Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis: A Case Report and Discussion

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. e181-e184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miten Vasa ◽  
Christine Ohikhuare ◽  
Leslea Brickner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Antituberculous Therapy ◽  
Sternal Osteomyelitis ◽  
The World

As immigration to the United States from countries endemic for tuberculosis (TB) increases, the incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB disease may increase. Primary tuberculous sternal osteomyelitis is one form of extrapulmonary TB that is exceedingly rare throughout the world, and falls under the differential diagnosis for chest wall masses. Management involves standard antituberculous therapy with antibiotics similar to treating other forms of extrapulmonary TB, as well as consideration of surgical intervention depending on the extent of osteomyelitis. A typical case of primary sternal TB osteomyelitis is reported, and the epidemiology, differential diagnosis, clinical manifestations and management are reviewed.

Syphilis and the Nonvenereal Treponematoses

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Augenbraun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The World

Syphilis is an infectious disease with complex acute and chronic manifestations that is transmitted primarily through sexual contact. The disease has been recognized for many centuries, although its origin remains unknown. This chapter’s discussion of the epidemiology of syphilis includes figures illustrating the rate of syphilis in the United States by state and county and the rate of syphilis in the United States from 1941 to 2009. The etiology, pathogenesis and disease course, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and complications of syphilis are discussed. Special cases of syphilis—in pregnant women, in children, in HIV-infected patients, and congenital syphilis—are also considered. Illustrations include a dark-field microphotograph of treponemes and photographs of a syphilitic chancre, the classic aculopapular rash from spirochetemia, condylomata lata, and a gumma. Tables outline the clinical manifestations of syphilis in adults and the treatment of syphilis. The nonvenereal treponematoses—yaws, endemic syphilis, and pinta—are a group of infections distributed throughout tropical and semitropical areas of the world. They are primarily noted to cause a variety of skin and skeletal lesions. There is little biologic difference between the treponemes that cause these conditions. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of the nonvenereal treponematoses are discussed. This chapter contains 7 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, 60 references, 1 teaching slide set, and 5 MCQs.

Syphilis and the Nonvenereal Treponematoses

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Augenbraun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The World

Syphilis is an infectious disease with complex acute and chronic manifestations that is transmitted primarily through sexual contact. The disease has been recognized for many centuries, although its origin remains unknown. This chapter’s discussion of the epidemiology of syphilis includes figures illustrating the rate of syphilis in the United States by state and county and the rate of syphilis in the United States from 1941 to 2009. The etiology, pathogenesis and disease course, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and complications of syphilis are discussed. Special cases of syphilis—in pregnant women, in children, in HIV-infected patients, and congenital syphilis—are also considered. Illustrations include a dark-field microphotograph of treponemes and photographs of a syphilitic chancre, the classic aculopapular rash from spirochetemia, condylomata lata, and a gumma. Tables outline the clinical manifestations of syphilis in adults and the treatment of syphilis. The nonvenereal treponematoses—yaws, endemic syphilis, and pinta—are a group of infections distributed throughout tropical and semitropical areas of the world. They are primarily noted to cause a variety of skin and skeletal lesions. There is little biologic difference between the treponemes that cause these conditions. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of the nonvenereal treponematoses are discussed. This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 60 references.

Manœuvres to Ensure the Avoidance of Collision

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-410
Author(s):  
E. S. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Very High

This paper was first published in 1960 (Vol. 13, p. 127). It is followed by comments from John Kemp. The paper has been abridged, including the omission of section 5 which described a proposal for a new radar display.When the problem of collision in the air is discussed, it is usual to start by pointing out the enormous closing speed of two modern aircraft meeting head-on, and to conclude from this that avoidance on the ‘see and be seen’ principle has ceased to be possible. The fact is, however, that the great majority of mid-air collisions (about 85 percent) occur within five miles of an airport and the typical case is not the head-on one, but the case in which the two aircraft crab into one another from a direction which may be anywhere around the whole enclosing sphere. Since the field of view of the aircrew covers only about 20 percent of the enclosing sphere, the aircrew of colliding aircraft seldom see each other. It would seem, therefore, that the ‘see and be seen’ principle never did afford much protection, even when speeds were low. In other words, the fact that the number of mid-air collisions in Europe has hitherto been small is not primarily due to seeing and evading, although this sometimes happens, but to the fact that the airspace is very large compared to the volume of all the aircraft in it at any given time. However, as traffic densities go up, the risk rapidly increases, and in congested airspace, such as that around New York, the problem of avoiding collision has already become acute. In the period 1948–57, there were 159 mid-air collisions in the United States, and many of these made headlines in the world press. One can imagine the public outcry if two large transports were to collide over a housing estate; but unless something effective is done, something like this will presumably happen eventually. At very high altitudes the ‘see and be seen’ principle certainly fails, by day, because the speed will be high, and in addition, the range at which a pilot can see an object the size of an aircraft may be less than 1½ miles due to what is sometimes called ‘high-altitude myopia’.

Haemophilus influenzae Lymphadenopathy in a Patient With Agammaglobulinemia: Clinical-Histologic-Microbiologic Correlation and Review of the Literature

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Candice Black ◽  
Matthew B. Zavod ◽  
Benoit J. Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Node Biopsy ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract Agammaglobulinemia is the most common primary immunodeficiency, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 250 000 males in the United States. These patients are at risk for frequent recurrent infections, which may become fatal if untreated. Patients have increased susceptibility to encapsulated pyogenic bacteria. Haemophilus influenzae is second only to Streptococcus pneumoniae as the bacteria most frequently implicated in infections in these patients. We present a case involving an adolescent boy with X-linked agammaglobulinemia and H influenzae cervical adenopathy, confirmed twice by culture. We correlate the clinical, microbiologic, and histologic findings. Owing to the severity of infections in this population, surgical intervention is more common than in the immunocompetent population. This description may help the pathologist in considering a differential diagnosis when examining a diagnostic lymph node biopsy in these patients.

Toxic Spiders of the United States: A Case Report and Discussion

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-213
Author(s):  
Philip R. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Black Widow ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Systemic Reactions

Although there are over 20,000 species of spiders in the United States serious complications from envenomation is restricted to only two genera: Loxoceles species (i.e., brown recluse type spiders) and Latrodectus species (i.e., black widow type spiders). Loxoceles species venom is primarily cyto/hemo toxic. It produces local necrotic lesions and occasionally systemic reactions including disseminated intravascular coagulation. Latrodectus species venom is primarily neurotoxic with little more than local erythema at the bite site, but with serious systemic effects from paresthesias to paralysis. A horse serum derived antivenin is available for Latrodectus envenomation while surgical intervention is often necessary for large necrotic lesions associated with Loxoceles envenomation.

Acute Inflammatory Reaction Following Removal of Hydrophilic Polyacrylamide Gel

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Victoria Karlinsky ◽  
Judson Boisvert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Permanent Filler ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
The World ◽  
Acute Reaction

Hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel (PAAG), although not approved for use in the United States, has been used throughout the world as a permanent filler for aesthetic applications since the 1980s. Numerous articles and case reports have been published highlighting complications arising from its use. In this case report, we present a 54-year-old woman who presented for surgical consultation, requesting removal of previously injected polyacrylamide gel with subsequent silicone implant breast augmentation who experienced an acute reaction following attempted removal of the gel. This report reviews the current use, complications, and management of complications in patient’s previously injected with PAAG.

Lyme Disease: A Review for the Otolaryngologist

1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 824-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Goldfarb ◽  
Robert T. Sataloff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Animal Host ◽  
Common Sign

Lyme disease is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of patients seen by the otolaryngologist. Facial paralysis is the most common sign. The otolaryngologist may also see patients with temporal mandibular joint pain, cervical lymphadenopathy, facial pain, headache, tinnitis, vertigo, decreased hearing, otalgia and sore throat. The incidence is increasing and known to be endemic to certain areas of the United States and abroad. This paper reviews the various ways Lyme disease appears to the otolaryngologist. Three cases along with a discussion including epidemiology, vector, animal host relationship, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology are included. The literature is reviewed and the treatment discussed.

Manœuvres to Ensure the Avoidance of Collision

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Very High

When the problem of collision in the air is discussed, it is usual to start by pointing out the enormous closing speed of two modern aircraft meeting head-on, and to conclude from this that avoidance on the ‘see and be seen’ principle has ceased to be possible. The fact is, however, that the great majority of mid-air collisions (about 85 per cent) occur within five miles of an airport and the typical case is not the head-on one, but the case in which the two aircraft crab into one another from a direction which may be anywhere around the whole enclosing sphere. Since the field of view of the aircrew covers only about 20 per cent of the enclosing sphere, the aircrew of colliding aircraft seldom see each other. It would seem, therefore, that the ‘see and be seen’ principle never did afford much protection, even when speeds were low. In other words, the fact that the number of mid-air collisions in Europe has hitherto been small is not primarily due to seeing and evading, although this sometimes happens, but to the fact that the airspace is very large compared to the volume of all the aircraft in it at any given time. However, as traffic densities go up, the risk rapidly increases, and in congested airspace, such as that around New York, the problem of avoiding collision has already become acute. In the period 1948–57, there were 159 mid-air collisions in the United States, and many of these made headlines in the world press. One can imagine the public outcry if two large transports were to collide over a housing estate; but unless something effective is done, something like this will presumably happen eventually. At very high altitudes the ‘see and be seen’ principle certainly fails, by day, because the speed will be high, and in addition, the range at which a pilot can see an object the size of an aircraft may be less than 1½ miles due to what is sometimes called ‘high-altitude myopia’.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

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