scholarly journals Perceptually Valid Facial Expressions for Character-Based Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Arya ◽  
Steve DiPaola ◽  
Avi Parush
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Dynamic Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotion Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

This paper addresses the problem of creating facial expression of mixed emotions in a perceptually valid way. The research has been done in the context of a “game-like” health and education applications aimed at studying social competency and facial expression awareness in autistic children as well as native language learning, but the results can be applied to many other applications such as games with need for dynamic facial expressions or tools for automating the creation of facial animations. Most existing methods for creating facial expressions of mixed emotions use operations like averaging to create the combined effect of two universal emotions. Such methods may be mathematically justifiable but are not necessarily valid from a perceptual point of view. The research reported here starts by user experiments aiming at understanding how people combine facial actions to express mixed emotions, and how the viewers perceive a set of facial actions in terms of underlying emotions. Using the results of these experiments and a three-dimensional emotion model, we associate facial actions to dimensions and regions in the emotion space, and create a facial expression based on the location of the mixed emotion in the three-dimensional space. We call these regionalized facial actions “facial expression units.”

scholarly journals Seeing Mixed Emotions: The Specificity of Emotion Perception From Static and Dynamic Facial Expressions Across Cultures

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Fang ◽  
Disa A. Sauter ◽  
Gerben A. Van Kleef
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Dynamic Facial Expressions ◽  
The Difference

Although perceivers often agree about the primary emotion that is conveyed by a particular expression, observers may concurrently perceive several additional emotions from a given facial expression. In the present research, we compared the perception of two types of nonintended emotions in Chinese and Dutch observers viewing facial expressions: emotions which were morphologically similar to the intended emotion and emotions which were morphologically dissimilar to the intended emotion. Findings were consistent across two studies and showed that (a) morphologically similar emotions were endorsed to a greater extent than dissimilar emotions and (b) Chinese observers endorsed nonintended emotions more than did Dutch observers. Furthermore, the difference between Chinese and Dutch observers was more pronounced for the endorsement of morphologically similar emotions than of dissimilar emotions. We also obtained consistent evidence that Dutch observers endorsed nonintended emotions that were congruent with the preceding expressions to a greater degree. These findings suggest that culture and morphological similarity both influence the extent to which perceivers see several emotions in a facial expression.

scholarly journals Ideals of Herzog–Northcott type

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam O'Carroll ◽  
Francesc Planas-Vilanova
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Regular Sequence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Prime Ideals ◽  
Monomial Curves ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Minimal Prime ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractThis paper takes a new look at ideals generated by 2×2 minors of 2×3 matrices whose entries are powers of three elements not necessarily forming a regular sequence. A special case of this is the ideals determining monomial curves in three-dimensional space, which were studied by Herzog. In the broader context studied here, these ideals are identified as Northcott ideals in the sense of Vasconcelos, and so their liaison properties are displayed. It is shown that they are set-theoretically complete intersections, revisiting the work of Bresinsky and of Valla. Even when the three elements are taken to be variables in a polynomial ring in three variables over a field, this point of view gives a larger class of ideals than just the defining ideals of monomial curves. We then characterize when the ideals in this larger class are prime, we show that they are usually radical and, using the theory of multiplicities, we give upper bounds on the number of their minimal prime ideals, one of these primes being a uniquely determined prime ideal of definition of a monomial curve. Finally, we provide examples of characteristic-dependent minimal prime and primary structures for these ideals.

scholarly journals THE SANSEVERO CHAPEL, A THREE-DIMENSIONAL POINT OF VIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
V. Cera ◽  
D. Marcos González ◽  
L. A. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Representation Systems ◽  
Representation Of Space ◽  
Special Relevance ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In this article, the importance of the three-dimensional survey in architectural spaces will be studied, taking special relevance in the study of the perception of perspective, since three-dimensional space would not be understood from a two-dimensional representation of space. The project aims to develop a comparison between the representation systems based on the automatic acquisition of various data by different 3D survey techniques. In particular, the document reports the results of an analysis based on the Sansevero Chapel in Naples.</p>

COLORFUL SYMMETRIC IMAGES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE FROM DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

Fractals ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN LU ◽  
YURU ZOU ◽  
ZEYI LIU ◽  
WENXIA LI
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Functions that are invariant with respect to the tetrahedral and cubic symmetries are determined. These invariant mappings are applied to serve as the density functions for automatic generation of the colorful images with such symmetries in three dimensional space from a dynamical system's point of view.

Isomerism and topicity in three- and four-dimensional space: A review

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 2675-2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Chemical Behaviour ◽  
Broad Meaning ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Isomerism is a notion of a considerably broad meaning. Not only chemists but also physicists, biologists and philosophers come across it. In the sequel, some basic problems of the contemporary understanding of the phenomenon of isomerism of molecular structures and related problems of topic relationships between homomorphic ligands and faces are dealt with. Illustrating factual material is selected within the domain of organic chemistry. With the rapid development of nomenclature in this area in mind, the issues are presented from a point of view stressing the unity of historical and logical moments. Problems arising when moving from the analysis of molecular structure models towards the analysis of real sets of molecules are highlighted. Differences between the analysis of static molecular structures in three-dimensional space and the analysis of real dynamic molecular structures in four-dimensional space are dealt with in greater detail. The method of NMR spectroscopy is discussed from this standpoint as an example of the most widespread research tool for investigating intramolecular dynamism at present. Stereo-differentiating reactions are also treated briefly and a suggestion is made to introduce into the teaching of isomerism and topicity a classification of differentiating interactions. The relationships discussed are demonstrated comprehensively using the chemical behaviour of an optically active trisubstituted cycloheptatriene-norcaradiene system as an example and, are also discussed in connection with some new findings concerning actual chiral geometries in some conventionally achiral systems. Attention is paid to didactic presentation of the topic and an attempt is made to show probable trends in future development in this domain.

scholarly journals Multi-objective evolutionary method for cargo arrangement in a loading space

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Taraska ◽  
Remigiusz Iwańkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The paper characterises a class of problems for packing boxes in the container. It presents the current state of knowledge in this area and distinguishes evolutionary algorithms, as the most promising in the search for quasi-optimal loading conditions. The method proposed in the paper focuses on certain criteria important from a practical point of view, which in a formalised manner have not been included so far in the solving-problems models. Apart from the traditional consideration of the problem of three-dimensional space loading maximisation, the proposed method considers the deviation of the loaded container weight centre from its symmetry planes and the availability of packages during unloading. New elements in the described method are: the applied criteria, penalty function, way of coding the container loading state in the evolutionary algorithm and fast crossover and mutations operators dedicated to the adopted coding. It was observed that the evolution in the developed algorithm occurs properly, that is seeking to minimise the criteria. The article also includes a calculation example showing the effect of the method with the discussion of the results indicating the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solution. The performance of the algorithm has been considered in the context of time necessary to obtain the acceptable solution and quality of the obtained solution. It was found that the algorithm in its current form is a strong base for its further improvement.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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