scholarly journals Immune Responses Following Mouse Peripheral Nerve Xenotransplantation in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai-Jin Lu ◽  
Jia-Bing Sun ◽  
Zhi-Gang Liu ◽  
Xu Gong ◽  
Jian-Li Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Xenograft Rejection ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Th1 Cytokines

Xenotransplantation offers a potentially unlimited source for tissues and organs for transplantation, but the strong xenoimmune responses pose a major obstacle to its application in the clinic. In this study, we investigate the rejection of mouse peripheral nerve xenografts in rats. Severe intragraft mononuclear cell infiltration, graft distension, and necrosis were detected in the recipients as early as 2 weeks after mouse nerve xenotransplantation. The number of axons in xenografts reduced progressively and became almost undetectable at week 8. However, mouse nerve xenotransplantation only led to a transient and moderate increase in the production of Th1 cytokines, including IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. The data implicate that cellular immune responses play a critical role in nerve xenograft rejection but that further identification of the major effector cells mediating the rejection is required for developing effective means to prevent peripheral nerve xenograft rejection.

scholarly journals Phenotype of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Weiskopf ◽  
Katharina S. Schmitz ◽  
Matthijs P. Raadsen ◽  
Alba Grifoni ◽  
Nisreen M.A. Okba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Th1 Cytokines

AbstractCOVID-19 is associated with lymphopenia and ‘cytokine storm’, but no information is available on specific cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we characterized SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The spike protein (S) proved a potent T-cell antigen and specific T-cells predominantly produced Th1 cytokines. These novel data are important in vaccine design and will facilitate evaluation of vaccine candidate immunogenicity.

scholarly journals Induction of Robust and Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Virus-Like Particles (BVDV-VLPs) Engineered with Baculovirus Expression Vector System

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Zhanhui Wang ◽  
Mengyao Liu ◽  
Haoran Zhao ◽  
Pengpeng Wang ◽  
Wenge Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Baculovirus Expression Vector System ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Baculovirus Expression ◽  
Baculovirus Expression Vector ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important animal pathogen that affects cattle. Infections caused by the virus have resulted in substantial economic losses and outbreaks of BVDV are reported globally. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine technology largely due to their safety and strong ability to elicit robust immune responses. In this study, we developed a strategy to generate BVDV-VLPs using a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). We were able to assemble BVDV-VLPs composed of dimerized viral proteins E2 and Erns, and the VLPs were spherical particles with the diameters of about 50 nm. Mice immunized with 15 μg of VLPs adjuvanted with ISA201 elicited higher levels of E2-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies as well as higher BVDV-neutralizing activity in comparison with controls. Re-stimulation of the splenocytes collected from mice immunized with VLPs led to significantly increased levels of CD3+CD4+T cells and CD3+CD8+T cells. In addition, the splenocytes showed dramatically enhanced proliferation and the secretion of Th1-associated IFN-γ and Th2-associated IL-4 compared to that of the unstimulated control group. Taken together, our data indicate that BVDV-VLPs efficiently induced BVDV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, showing a promising potential of developing BVDV-VLP-based vaccines for the prevention of BVDV infections.

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