scholarly journals Effect ofHibiscus sabdariffaL. Dried Calyx Ethanol Extract on Fat Absorption-Excretion, and Body Weight Implication in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Carvajal-Zarrabal ◽  
P. M. Hayward-Jones ◽  
Z. Orta-Flores ◽  
C. Nolasco-Hipólito ◽  
D. M. Barradas-Dermitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Collateral Effect ◽  
Antiobesity Agents

The effect ofHibiscus sabdariffaL. (Hs) calyx extract on fat absorption-excretion and body weight in rats, was investigated. Rats were fed with either a basal diet (SDC = Control diet) or the same diet supplemented with Hs extracts at 5%, 10% and 15% ( , and ). Only did not show significant increases in weight, food consumption and efficiency compared to . The opposite occurred in group which showed a significant decrease for these three parameters. The responses were similar to , with the exception of food consumption. In both and groups, no body weight loss was observed; however, only in the latter group was there a significantly greater amount of fatty acids found in feces. A collateral effect emerging from the study is that components of Hs extract at the intermediate and greater concentrations used in this experiment could be considered possible antiobesity agents.

scholarly journals Effects of level of dietary copper sulphate and period of feeding on the laying, domestic fowl, with special reference to tissue mineral content

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary H. Stevenson ◽  
N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin

1. A cereal-based diet containing 7.6 mg copper/kg was fed ad lib. to laying hens for up to 48 d. Four other groups were given the control diet to which was added hydrated copper sulphate to provide 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg added Cu/kg.2. Hens were killed on day o and after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 d. Records were kept of body-weight, food consumption, egg production and egg weight.3. After slaughter blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum Cu and aspartate aminotransfferase- (AAT; EC 2.6. I. I) were measured. The liver, kidneys, a sample of breast muscle, oviduct, ovary and gizzard were weighed. Gizzard, spleen. liver and kidney tissue were examined histologically.4. The Cu, zinc and iron concentrations of liver, kidneys and breast muscle and the manganese concentrations of liver and kidneys were determined.5. Body-weight loss occurred at 500–2000mg added Cu/kg diet. Egg production was depressed by level of added Cu and period of time on the Cu-containing diets.6. Mean liver, kidney, oviduct and ovarian weights per unit body-weight were depressed by Cu in the diet and the effect increased with period of time on the diets. Mean gizzard weight per unit body-weight was increased by dietary added Cu and by time.7. Cu concentrations in the liver were increased by dietary level of added Cu and period of timeon the diet. Zn concentration in liver increased at 1000 and 2000 mg added Cu/kg diet and liver Fe concentration was increased at these levels. Histological examination of the gizzard indicated that the Cu content of the gizzard lining increased with dietary added Cu.

High-fat diet induces site-specific unresponsiveness to LPS-stimulated STAT3 activation in the hypothalamus

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (1) ◽  
pp. R34-R44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz de Carvalho Borges ◽  
Rodrigo Rorato ◽  
Ernane Torres Uchoa ◽  
Paula Marangon ◽  
Glauber S. F. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
High Fat

Hypophagia induced by inflammation is associated with Janus kinase (JAK)-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 signaling pathway, and leptin-mediated hypophagia is also mediated by JAK2-STAT3 pathway. We have previously reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not reduce food intake in leptin-resistant high-fat diet (HFD) rats but maintained body weight loss. We investigated whether changes in p-STAT3 expression in the hypothalamus and brain stem could account for the desensitization of hypophagia in HFD animals after a low LPS dose (100 μg/kg). Wistar rats fed standard diet (3.95 kcal/g) or HFD (6.3 kcal/g) for 8 wk were assigned into control diet-saline, control diet-LPS, HFD-saline, and HFD-LPS groups. LPS reduced feeding in the control diet but not HFD. This group showed no p-STAT3 expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), but sustained, though lower than control, p-STAT3 in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and raphe pallidus (RPa). LPS decreased body weight in HFD rats and increased Fos expression in the NTS. LPS increased body temperature, oxygen consumption, and energy expenditure in both control diet and HFD rats, and this response was more pronounced in HFD-LPS group. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and increased energy expenditure seem to contribute to body weight loss in HFD-LPS. This response might be related with increased brain stem activation. In conclusion, LPS activates STAT3-mediated pathway in the hypothalamus and brain stem, leading to hypophagia, however, LPS effects on food intake, but not body weight loss, are abolished by leptin resistance induced by HFD. The preserved STAT3 phosphorylation in the brain stem suggests that unresponsiveness to LPS on STAT3 activation under HFD might be selective to the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value of Putak: Apparent Metabolisable Energy, and Growth Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Catootjie L. Nalle ◽  
Marlin R.K. Yowi ◽  
Defrys R. Tulle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate nutritional value of putak for broilers. Experiment 1. The apparent metabolisable energy of raw and fermented putak were determined. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates. Total of 64 broilers were randomly distributed to 16 pens. A maize-soybean meal basal diet was formulated and three assay diets were then developed by substituting putak (raw, and fermented, 250 g kg-1, w/w), and maize (500 g kg-1, w/w) of the basal diet. Even though the AME and AMEn values of fermented putak were comparable to that of raw putak and maize, but it was slightly higher than that of raw putak. Experiment 2. Using the AME value of raw putak obtained in Experiment 1, five treatment diets containing 0 to 200 g kg-1 putak were formulated. The body weight gain of broilers fed 150 - 200 g kg-1-1 putak was higher to that of control diet, but it was similar to those fed 50-100 g kg-1 putak. No differences were found in FCR and mortality rate. Feed intake of broilers fed diets containing putak was higher than that of control diet. In conclusion, the AME and AMEn values of putak, fermented putak, and maize were comparable. Putak can be included in broiler diets up to 200 g kg-1 without detrimental effects.

scholarly journals Effect of Afghan Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and Carum Carvi L. Hydro-alcoholic Extracts Either Alone or in Combination on Blood Glucose Level in Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-764
Author(s):  
Murtaza Haidari ◽  
Kawsar Alami ◽  
Arefa Hossaini ◽  
Sayed Yousof Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Carum Carvi

Combination therapy is considered as a new and effective therapeutic strategy for control of hyperglycemia. The present study aimed to determine the hypoglycemic effect of Afghan Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and Carum Carvi L. hydro-alcoholic extracts either alone or in combination on diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were administered intraperitoneally with hydro-alcoholic extracts of H. sabdariffa (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg), C. carvi (150, 300 and 500 mg/kg) and their combinations for 21 days. The Fasting blood glucose and body weight of rats were determined on 0, 7, 14 and 21st days. The results showed a significant (P<0.0001) hypoglycemic effect of H. sabdariffa extract (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg) on 7, 14 and 21th days, C. carvi extract (500 mg/kg), and their effective doses combination (75:25), especially on 7th day. Only 75 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa had positive effect on body weight loss of diabetic rats (P<0.05). One can conclude that Afghan H. sabdariffa and C. carvi hydro-alcoholic extracts and their combination have a hypoglycemic effect. However, their combinations do not have any synergic effects, so the hypoglycemic effect of H. sabdariffa was much greater and even normalized the blood glucose level.

scholarly journals Single and combined supplementation of glutamine andn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on host tolerance and tumour response to 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin (CPT-11)/5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in rats bearing Ward colon tumour

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Xue ◽  
Séverine Le Roy ◽  
Michael B. Sawyer ◽  
Catherine J. Field ◽  
Levinus A. Dieleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Combination Regimen ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Colon Tumour ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Total Diet

Prior reports suggest that during irinotecan (7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin; CPT-11) chemotherapy in laboratory rats, the anti-tumour efficacy and diarrhoea toxicity could be modulated byn-3 PUFA and glutamine, respectively. We further examined how these two dietary elements, when provided individually and in combination, would affect the efficacy of a cyclical regimen of CPT-11/5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an accepted combination regimen for colorectal cancer. Prior to initiating chemotherapy, diets enriched either with glutamine (2 %, w/w total diet) orn-3 PUFA (0·88 %, w/w total diet) alone, inhibited Ward colon tumour growth (P < 0·05). These diets also completely or partially normalized the changes in peripheral leucocyte counts associated with the tumour-bearing state (e.g. neutrophil proportion/concentration and lymphocyte proportion). During chemotherapy, either glutamine- orn-3 PUFA-enriched diet enhanced tumour chemo-sensitivity, and reduced body weight loss, anorexia and muscle wasting (v.animals fed control diet,P < 0·05). Surprisingly, providing both glutamine andn-3 PUFA together did not confer a greater benefit on tumour inhibition either in the presence or absence of chemotherapy; individual benefits associated with single treatments, particularly in respect to host nutritional status (i.e. body weight, food intake and muscle weight) and immune (peripheral leucocyte counts) features were instead partially or completely lost when these two nutrients were combined. These results draw into question the common assumption that there are additive or synergistic benefits of combinations of nutrients, which are beneficial on an individual basis, and suggest that co-supplementation with glutamine andn-3 PUFA is not indicated during chemotherapy with CPT-11 and 5-FU.

scholarly journals PSV-18 Effects of varying ratio of L-Arginine and Lysine on the performance of sows and their litters

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 201-202
Author(s):  
Jemin Ahn ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different ratios of L-Arginine and lysine on the performance of sows and their piglets. A total of 12 (Landrace×Yorkshire) sows, with an average parity of 2.3 (from 1 to 4), were subjected to 3 treatments with 4 sows per treatment. Treatments were as follows: 1) CON, Basal diet (L-arginine: Lysine= 0.95), 2) TRT1, CON + Arginine (A: L = 1), and 3) TRT2, CON + Arginine (A: L = 1.05). The supplementation of 1.05 A: L showed reduction in body weight loss after farrowing (linear, P = 0.0105), at weaning (linear, P = 0.0492), and increased the back-fat thickness loss after farrowing (0.00498) and at weaning (0.0204). Dietary supplementation of 1.05 A: L increased (linear, P = 0.0226) body weight of piglets at weaning. In addition, dietary supplementation of L-Arginine tended to increase (linear, P = 0.0103) the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets at weaning. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with L-arginine (A: L = 1.05) exerted positive effects on some of the reproductive performance parameters in sows and growth performance in suckling piglets. These findings may provide an insight into a new nutritional strategy for sows.

Beneficial effects of dietary ascorbic acid supplement on hens subjected to ochratoxin A toxicosis under normal and high ambient temperatures

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Haazele ◽  
W. Guenter ◽  
R. R. Marquardt ◽  
A. A. Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Negative Effects

Three experiments were conducted to study ochratoxin A (OA) toxicity and the effect of supplemental ascorbic acid (AA) in laying hens housed under two environmental temperatures. In exp. 1, 18 hens were divided into three groups of six hens and fed diets containing either 0, 1.7, or 3.1 ppm OA for 14 d. In exps. 2 and 3, 24 hens were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in six replications. Treatments consisted of a control and three diets containing either 300 ppm AA, 3 ppm OA, or 300 ppm AA plus 3 ppm OA. Treatment diets were fed for 14 d following the feeding of the basal diet for 14 d. The test-period temperature was 25 °C in exp. 1 and 2 and 33 °C in exp. 3. In exp. 1, feeding OA at 1.7 ppm significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased feed intake and increased liver weights and eggshell elasticity. At 3 ppm, OA significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced feed intake, body-weight change and egg production, and increased shell elasticity. Similar trends were also observed in exps. 2 and 3 when laying hens were fed 3 ppm OA compared with those fed the control diet. An analysis of plasma constituents showed that OA also increased Cl− concentration and aspartate transaminase activity and decreased plasma Ca++ concentrations. Exposing hens to 33 °C (compared with 25 °C) appeared to aggravate the negative effects of OA. All the negative effects of OA, apart from body-weight changes, reductions in feed intake, and increases in eggshell elasticity at 33 °C, were either moderated or significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reversed by dietary AA supplementation. The results suggest that some of the detrimental effects of OA in the diet of the laying hen can be counteracted by dietary supplementation of AA. Key words: Ochratoxin A, toxicity, ascorbic acid, hen, temperature

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 normalizes maternal food consumption and pup growth in rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. E227-E231
Author(s):  
R. Brommage ◽  
K. Jarnagin ◽  
H. F. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Pup Growth

Maternal food consumption, maternal body weight loss, and pup growth were studied in the following six groups of rats: vitamin D-deficient, vitamin D3-replete, vitamin D3-replete but pair-fed with the vitamin D-deficient rats and rats given either 50, 150, or 450 pmol/day of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as their sole source of vitamin D by continuous infusion from an Alzet osmotic minipump. As expected, vitamin D-deficient rats were hypocalcemic and lost body weight, and their pups stopped growing at 1 wk of age. Food consumption by the vitamin D-deficient rats was one-third that of the vitamin D3-replete rats. Although normalization of plasma calcium levels was not perfect, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment led to normal maternal food consumption, prevented maternal body weight loss, and promoted normal pup growth. Pups from the vitamin D3-replete rats pair-fed with the vitamin D-deficient rats did not grow properly and their dams lost body weight. These data indicate that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is fully capable of replacing vitamin D3 in promoting maternal food consumption in lactating rats and that maintaining adequate food consumption is a major factor in the stimulatory effect of vitamin D3 on pup growth and hence milk production. The anorexia and reduced milk production of vitamin D-deficient lactating rats did not result from changes in plasma glucose or triglyceride levels.

scholarly journals Diversity and physical properties of rumen microbial ecosystem of West African dwarf rams fed ammonium sulphate-fortified diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
A. T Akinlade ◽  
T. O. Ososanya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Significant Difference

Ammonium sulphate is a feed additive used in ruminant feeds mainly for stabilization of the intestinal flora, enhance the development of the adult rumen microflora, improve digestion and nitrogen flow towards lower digestive tract and improve meat and milk production. In the study the diversity of rumen microbial ecosystem of WAD rams fed ammonium sulphatefortified diets at 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5g/kg to the concentrate diet as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively was assessed. Sixteen WAD rams with average body weight of 12.20+0.12 kg were used and fed for 109 days, each treatment had four replicates. In a completely randomized design and differences among treatment means were examined using least significant difference, each ram was fed at 5% of their body weight at 60:40 levels of experimental diet and wilted guinea grass as basal diet. Variables measured were: S. typhimurium, E. coli, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The results indicated that establishment of the microbial population of diets consisting of 7.5g/kg (NH ) SO were significantly higher 4 2 4 in bacteria and fungi than the control diet (P<0.05). It was concluded that fortification a 7.5g/kg (NH ) SO give a better understanding of the role of rumen microbes and the 4 2 4 establishment of the microbial population, which help to maintain the host's health and improve animal performance.

scholarly journals 293 Effect of activated silicon dioxide - 40microns - on sows’ diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
Lucio Araujo ◽  
Caroline Decaux ◽  
Yasmin Sartore ◽  
Cristiane Araujo ◽  
Brunna Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract This trial evaluated the effects of activated silicon dioxide on sows’ diets and its effects on piglets’ performance. Eighty PIC sows from different delivery orders (3rd, 4th, 5h, and 6h) were used. At 100 ± 1 day of gestation, females were transferred from the gestation to the maternity rooms. Before delivery, they were weighed, classified according to the order of delivery, distributed and fed with the experimental diets. Sows were distributed in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments of 40 replicates, each experimental unit being composed of 1 sow. The treatments were: T1: basal diet – corn and soybean meal based; T2: basal diet + 0.3 kg of silicon dioxide/ton. Feed intake, body weight change were evaluated. At d10 after delivery, milk from 5 sows/treatment were collected to analyze density, total solids, fat, protein, and lactose. At birth and wean, litter size and weight were determined. The data was analyzed using the TTEST procedure (Statistical Analysis System, version 9.3). When the distributional assumptions for a t-test were not met, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test was applied to compare the difference in means between treatments using the NPAR1WAY procedure. Sows fed diets supplemented with activated silicon dioxide shown higher milk production (260 kg versus 247 kg; P = 0.09) and smaller body weight change than sows fed control diet (7.37% versus 9.33%; P = 0.003). At weaning, piglets from sows fed diets supplemented to activated silica were heavier than piglets from sows fed treatment control (7.00 kg versus 6.69 kg; P = 0.06). It was not found differences between treatments for milk quality (P &gt; 0.05) but a numerical improvement on fat content for the group fed with activated silica (9,12 % vs 8,46%). It was concluded that under our trial conditions, the use of activated silicon dioxide-40 microns on maternal diets improves sows’ and piglets’ performance.

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