scholarly journals Behavioral Intervention versus Pharmacotherapy or Their Combinations in the Management of Overactive Bladder Dysfunction

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh Tran ◽  
Robert M. Levin ◽  
Shaker A. Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Bladder Symptoms

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) refers to individuals with the following symptoms: urinary urgency, increased urinary frequency, and urge incontinence. These symptoms are not life threatening but can cause embarrassment and significantly impact quality of life. There are numerous treatment options for OAB, including behavioral therapy, traditional pharmacological therapy or a combination of the two. These options are considered the mainstay of treatment for OAB. We carried out a comprehensive systematic review of the available literature on the effectiveness of behavioral intervention, anticholinergic drugs, and their combination in the management of adults with overactive bladder, with emphasis on results from clinical trials and primary literature. Each treatment intervention is efficacious, and the choice should be based on the patient's severity of symptoms, tolerability, compliance and satisfaction with the treatment. Based on available literature, management of OAB using a combination of behavioral therapy and drug intervention is the most efficacious in terms of patient satisfaction, perceived improvement, and reduction of bladder symptoms. It is also the most practical and cost effective for optimal management of patients with OAB. Pharmacological treatment, in addition to behavioral therapy, remains important in the management of adults with OAB syndrome.

scholarly journals Update on the Treatment of Idiopathic Hypersomnia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
M. S. Schinkelshoek ◽  
R. Fronczek ◽  
G. J. Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Lifestyle Advice ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Idiopathic Hypersomnia ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Abstract Purpose of Review Idiopathic hypersomnia is an incapacitating disorder with a profound impact on daytime performance and quality of life. The most commonly used treatment modalities are lifestyle advice and pharmacological therapy. We present an update on the evidence concerning treatment options for idiopathic hypersomnia. Recent Findings Evidence for non-pharmacological interventions is lacking; improvement in symptoms on introducing these interventions is often less pronounced than in narcolepsy. Additional pharmacological treatment is therefore usually initiated. The few treatment studies that have been performed are hampered by small sample sizes and the use of variable and often insufficiently validated outcome parameters for the whole spectrum of idiopathic hypersomnia symptoms. Conclusion Evidence on treatment is scarce. Since the efficacy of modafinil is consistently described and there is much experience with this substance, it is reasonable to start with modafinil as a first choice treatment. Methylphenidate and dexamphetamine are good alternatives. In the future, newer drugs such as sodium oxybate, pitolisant, and solriamfetol might be authorized for use in idiopathic hypersomnia.

scholarly journals From Mouse to Man and Back: Closing the Correlation Gap between Imaging and Histopathology for Lung Diseases

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birger Tielemans ◽  
Kaat Dekoster ◽  
Stijn E. Verleden ◽  
Stefan Sawall ◽  
Bartosz Leszczyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
End Stage

Lung diseases such as fibrosis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, infection and cancer are life-threatening conditions that slowly deteriorate quality of life and for which our diagnostic power is high, but our knowledge on etiology and/or effective treatment options still contains important gaps. In the context of day-to-day practice, clinical and preclinical studies, clinicians and basic researchers team up and continuously strive to increase insights into lung disease progression, diagnostic and treatment options. To unravel disease processes and to test novel therapeutic approaches, investigators typically rely on end-stage procedures such as serum analysis, cyto-/chemokine profiles and selective tissue histology from animal models. These techniques are useful but provide only a snapshot of disease processes that are essentially dynamic in time and space. Technology allowing evaluation of live animals repeatedly is indispensable to gain a better insight into the dynamics of lung disease progression and treatment effects. Computed tomography (CT) is a clinical diagnostic imaging technique that can have enormous benefits in a research context too. Yet, the implementation of imaging techniques in laboratories lags behind. In this review we want to showcase the integrated approaches and novel developments in imaging, lung functional testing and pathological techniques that are used to assess, diagnose, quantify and treat lung disease and that may be employed in research on patients and animals. Imaging approaches result in often novel anatomical and functional biomarkers, resulting in many advantages, such as better insight in disease progression and a reduction in the numbers of animals necessary. We here showcase integrated assessment of lung disease with imaging and histopathological technologies, applied to the example of lung fibrosis. Better integration of clinical and preclinical imaging technologies with pathology will ultimately result in improved clinical translation of (therapy) study results.

scholarly journals Hereditary angioedema: an update on causes, manifestations and treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary J Longhurst ◽  
Konrad Bork
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hereditary Angioedema ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Short And Long Term

Hereditary angioedema is a rare genetic disorder caused by deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) and characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling that affect the limbs, face, intestinal tract and airway. Since laryngeal oedema can be life-threatening as a result of asphyxiation, correct diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema is vital. Hereditary angioedema attacks are mediated by bradykinin, the production of which is regulated by C1-INH. Hereditary angioedema therapy relies on treatment of acute attacks, and short- and long-term prophylaxis. Acute treatment options include C1-INH concentrate, icatibant and ecallantide. Self-administration of treatment is recommended and is associated with increased quality of life of patients with hereditary angioedema. Advances in diagnosis and management have improved the outcomes and quality of life of patients with hereditary angioedema.

Quality of life in patients with overactive bladder

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Salman Kh. Al-Shukri ◽  
Igor V. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Overactive Bladder Symptoms ◽  
Quality Of Life Questionnaires ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Bladder Symptoms

The aim of study.To study an influence of overactive bladder on patients quality of life. Patients and methods.An analysis of quality of life questionnaires (QQL) has been performed in 349 patients with overactive bladder and an impact of disease symptoms and urodynamic examinations results on individual components of patients quality of life has been studied. Results.A significant reduction in quality of life in patients with overactive bladder takes place, which is manifested in worsening of all its components social, family, emotional and professional. A level of reduction in quality of life depends on intensity of overactive bladder symptoms and differs depending on patients gender and age. More frequent urination and imperative feeling of urination had the greatest influence on quality of life indicators. A relation between the level of worsening of quality of life in patients and the results of urodynamic examinations hasnt been defined. Conclusion.A level of worsening of quality of life in patients with overactive bladder depends on intensity of symptoms, as well as patients gender and age.

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