scholarly journals Research on Influences of Transient High IOP during LASIK on Retinal Functions and Ultrastructure

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Zhao ◽  
Yude Ai ◽  
Chunmei Niu ◽  
Wenying Guan ◽  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Prolonged Recovery ◽  
Flash Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Negative Suction ◽  
Retinal Functions

Objectives. To study the influences of transient high intraocular pressure(IOP) during LASIK on retinal functions and ultrastructure.Methods. Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control, experimental control, negative suction 20 s and negative suction 3 min groups. The experimental control group was treated only by laser. Rabbit eyes received suction for different periods of time (20 s, 3 min) by negative pressure generator in different groups. The changes of neuro-optic and retinal ultrastructure were observed under electron and light microscopes; retinal neurofunctional changes were observed with flash-visual evoked potential (F-VEP) and flash-electroreinogram (F-ERG).Results. There was no obvious change in optic nerve, retina, ERG a-wave and b-wave in normal control and experimental control groups. There were slight changes in tissues of optic nerve and retina at various times of suction 20 s compared with control group, and a sharp change in suction 3 min group within 14d after operation, but these changes recovered at 28d. Amplitude of ERG b-wave observed at different time will decrease with suction periods prolonged. It can recover to normal level with the prolonged recovery periods. Amplitude and incubation period of ERG a-wave and VEP-P did not change significantly after different duration of suction.Conclusions. The transient high IOP during LASIK might have influence on retinal function and ultrastructure, but these changes were reversible.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Bi-Herbal Formulation of Aqueous Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Gongronema latifolium against Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity and Liver Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Nwadike Constance ◽  
Dike-Ndudim Joy ◽  
Oly-Alawuba Nkeiruka ◽  
Ezekwe Ahamefula ◽  
Akanazu Chidimma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of bi-herbal formulation of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Gongronema latifolium against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity and liver injury in rats. Forty (n=40) male Wistar albino rats were procured and separated into five groups. Groups I and II served as normal control and experimental control respectively. Groups III to V served as test groups. Rats of experimental control (group II) and test groups were induced with lethal dose of gentamicin. Test groups III and IV were placed on herbal formulation of aqueous extracts of V .amygdalina  and G. latifolium respectively, whereas rats in test group V received bi-herbal formulation of aqueous extracts of V. amygdalina and G. latifolium. Nephrotoxic indices such as urea reduced significantly (p<0.05) in test groups (III, IV, and V) when compared to experimental control (group II) and normal control (group I). Creatinine also reduced significantly (p<0.05) in test groups III and V against group II (experimental control), and increased insignificantly (p>0.05) in test group V when compared to normal control (group I). Rats induced with gentamicin had upsurge in liver enzymes indicating possible compromise of hepatocellular integrity but the ameliorating effects of the herbal formulations were seen clearly in test groups in this study as they tried to protect the hepatocellular integrity. The bi-herbal formulation of aqueous extract of 5% v/v each of V. amygdalina and G. latifolium offered the best protection as observed in this study. This study has revealed the protective effects of bi-herbal formulation of aqueous extract of V. amygdalina  and G. latifolium against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity and liver injury in rats.

Apoptosis of Optic Nerve Cells After Retinal Contusion in Rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019
Author(s):  
M. M. Zhi-Yu Wang ◽  
B. A. Ai-Yun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Right

Objective: This study aims to observe the apoptosis of optic nerve cells after retinal contusion in rabbits, and explore the mechanism of its occurrence. Methods: Forty-eight healthy adult chinchilla rabbits without eye diseases were randomly divided into eight groups: post-contusion hour 1, hour 3, day 1, day 3, day 7, day 14 and day 28, and normal control groups (n = 6, each group). The right eye was the injured eye, which was induced by the modified Allen's falling strike method. The rabbit eye specimens were obtained on time after the models were established. Five-mm pathological sections of the post-laminar optic nerve were prepared, tissue morphology was observed, and glial cells were counted. The apoptosis of optic nerve cells was observed by electron microscopy and TUNEL staining. Results and Discussion: Optic nerve fibers were disarranged and glial cells were out of order at hour 1, hour 3, day 1, day 3 and day 7 after injury. Furthermore, the cell counts were reduced at hour 1, hour 3, day 1, day 3, day 7, day 14 and day 28 after injury; and the differences were statistically significant, compared with the normal control group (P < 0.01). Results suggest that the apoptosis of optic nerve glial cells may also be one of the reasons for poor recovery of visual function after retinal contusion.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics after Periocular Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate Injection in Rabbit Eyes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hua-Yi Lu ◽  
Rui-Qing Wang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Xu Li
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

The present study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics and distribution of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) and its metabolic product methylprednisolone (MP) in plasma and ocular tissues after periocular injection of MPSS in rabbit eyes. Forty-eight healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 12 groups, including the control group and 11 MPSS-treated groups sampling at different time points. Rabbits in the MPSS-treated groups underwent left eye periocular injection of MPSS (10 mg). The pharmacokinetics of MPSS and MP in plasma and ocular tissues (including aqueous humor, vitreous, iris, lens, sclera, optic nerve, and choroid and retina) were investigated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After periocular injection, the time of maximum concentration (Tmax) of MPSS ranged from 0.25 h to 1 h in ocular tissues and was 0.25 h in plasma. Tmax of MP in ocular tissues ranged from 0.5 h to 6 h, and Tmax of MP in plasma was 0.5 h. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of MPSS and MP and the area under the curve (AUC0-t) in ocular tissues from high to low was sclera, optic nerve, choroid and retina, iris, and lens. Especially, the concentrations of MPSS and MP in the lens were much lower when compared with the other ocular tissues. After periocular administration, MPSS could be rapidly metabolized to its active constituent MP in the ocular tissues. Also, the MPSS can be delivered effectively into the posterior segment of the eye (choroid and retina), while not easily be absorbed by the lens.

scholarly journals Study on potential differentially expressed genes in stroke by bioinformatics analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xitong Yang ◽  
Pengyu Wang ◽  
Shanquan Yan ◽  
Guangming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Key Genes

AbstractStroke is a sudden cerebrovascular circulatory disorder with high morbidity, disability, mortality, and recurrence rate, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this study, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of stroke and related key genes, so as to study the potential pathogenesis of stroke and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Gene Expression profiles of GSE58294 and GSE16561 were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IS and normal control group. The different expression genes (DEGs) between IS and normal control group were screened with the GEO2R online tool. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), the function and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGS were performed. Then, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. Cytoscape with CytoHubba were used to identify the hub genes. Finally, NetworkAnalyst was used to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs) of the hub genes. A total of 85 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 65 upward genes and 20 downward genes. In addition, 3 KEGG pathways, cytokine − cytokine receptor interaction, hematopoietic cell lineage, B cell receptor signaling pathway, were significantly enriched using a database for labeling, visualization, and synthetic discovery. In combination with the results of the PPI network and CytoHubba, 10 hub genes including CEACAM8, CD19, MMP9, ARG1, CKAP4, CCR7, MGAM, CD79A, CD79B, and CLEC4D were selected. Combined with DEG-miRNAs visualization, 5 miRNAs, including hsa-mir-146a-5p, hsa-mir-7-5p, hsa-mir-335-5p, and hsa-mir-27a- 3p, were predicted as possibly the key miRNAs. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke, and provide a new strategy for clinical therapy.

Evaluation of efficacy of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. gel solution in methylcellulose-induced ocular hypertension in New Zealand white rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhanvi J. Vaghela ◽  
Manish J. Barvaliya ◽  
Sugnesh J. Parmar ◽  
Chandrabhanu R. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Concurrent Treatment ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Time Point

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Aloe vera in the methylcellulose-induced ocular hypertension model.MethodsFifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was raised by anterior chamber injection of 2% methylcellulose in all the groups except the normal control group. Disease control animals were treated with sterile water and active control with topical 0.5% timolol 12 hourly; 6 and 12% A. vera gel topical solutions 8 hourly were given in group IV and V, respectively; 6 and 12% A. vera gel solutions along with timolol were given in group VI and VII animals, respectively. Mean IOP values and percentage of reduction in IOP were compared at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h.ResultsA. vera gel solutions (6 and 12%) showed a significant reduction in mean IOP from 4 to 2 h time points, respectively, whereas, A. vera gel solutions (6 and 12%) + timolol showed significant less mean IOP from a 30 min time point as compared with disease control. A. vera gel solutions (6 and 12%) showed 8.6 and 10.4% more reduction in IOP, respectively (66.8 ± 4.9% and 68.6 ± 5.4% vs. 58.2 ± 2.3%; p > 0.05), whereas 6 and 12% A. vera gel solutions along with timolol showed 14.5 and 16.2% more reduction in IOP, respectively (72.7 ± 4.7% and 74.4 ± 4.1% vs. 58.2 ± 2.3%; p < 0.05), than disease control group at 48 h.ConclusionsSix and twelve percent A. vera gel solutions reduced the IOP effectively. Concurrent treatment with 12% A. vera gel and timolol produced the maximum reduction in IOP.

Effect of GDM on the Expression of MT1-MMP and u-PA in Glioma Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Han ◽  
Li Bo Wang ◽  
Ni Ni Li ◽  
Song Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Glioma Cell ◽  
Fetal Bovine Serum ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Glioma Cell Lines ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Identify Gene Expression

To examine the effect of GDM on the expression of MT1-MMP and u-PA genes in glioma cells. Glioma cell lines U251 and U87 were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. RT-PCR was used to identify gene expression level. The level of u-PA mRNA was up-regulated significantly in the HGF group compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). The expression of MT1-MMP and u-PA was significantly lower in the GDM group than in the normal control and HGF groups (P<0.05). The expression of u-PA in the HGF+GDM group was down-regulated significantly compared with the normal control and HGF groups (P<0.05).GDM can inhibit expression of both MT1-MMP and u-PA in glioma cells.

scholarly journals Reducing Ageism: PEACE (Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences) Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 647-647
Author(s):  
Sheri Levy ◽  
Ashley Lytle ◽  
Jamie Macdonald ◽  
MaryBeth Apriceno
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Education ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Aging Anxiety ◽  
Model Components ◽  
Aging Knowledge

Abstract Drawing on interdisciplinary theorizing and research, the PEACE (Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences) model points to two interrelated factors that reduce ageism: providing education about aging and positive intergenerational contact experiences with older adults (Levy 2016). Evidence supporting the model will be discussed including a semester-long pre-posttest intervention with undergraduates (non-gerontology course) who learned about aging and had face-to-face and Instagram contact with older adults (Lytle, Nowacek, & Levy, 2020), brief online pre-post test experimental-control group studies with undergraduates and a community sample who learned about aging and positive intergenerational contact experiences (Lytle & Levy, 2017), and an online experimental-control group study with undergraduates who viewed brief videos addressing PEACE model components (Lytle, Macdonald, Apriceno, & Levy, under review). Across studies, PEACE model interventions promoted increased aging knowledge as well as reduced negative stereotyping of older adults, aging anxiety, and concerns about aging. Future directions will be discussed.

Electroretinography in Neonates Treated With Phototherapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Kalavathi Bhupathy ◽  
Ramasamy Sethupathy ◽  
Rosita S. Pildes ◽  
Alexander A. Constantaras ◽  
John H. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Retinal Function ◽  
Control Group

Electroretinographic (ERG) studies were performed in 22 normal control newborns and 28 neonates who had had phototherapy during the first few days of life. Mean age at ERG testing was 16.8 ± 2.9 days in the phototherapy group and 16.4 ± 3.7 days in the control group. Results of routine funduscopy were normal in both groups. Amplitudes of a and b waves under dark- and light-adapted states were similar in both groups. Phototherapy did not appear to have deleterious effects on photopic and scotopic retinal function in infants whose eyes were adequately shielded.

Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Development of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinglei Li ◽  
Wei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Differential Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Differential Gene

Abstract Purpose: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has high heterogeneity and poor prognosis, posing a major challenge to human health worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of LUAD in order to be able to better predict its prognosis and develop new therapeutic strategies for target genes.Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus, were selected to comprehensively analyze and explore the differences between LUAD tumors and adjacent normal tissues. Critical gene information was obtained through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential gene expression analysis, and survival analysis.Results: Using WGCNA and differential gene expression analysis, 29 differentially expressed genes were screened. The functional annotation analysis showed these genes to be mainly concentrated in heart trabecula formation, regulation of inflammatory response, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, and metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity. Also, in the protein–protein interaction network analysis, 10 central genes were identified using Cytoscape's CytoHubba plug-in. The expression of CDH5, TEK, TIMP3, EDNRB, EPAS1, MYL9, SPARCL1, KLF4, and TGFBR3 in LUAD tissue was found to be lower than that in the normal control group, while the expression of MMP1 in LUAD tissue was higher than that in the normal control group. According to survival analysis, the low expression of MYL9 and SPARCL1 was correlated with poor overall survival in patients with LUAD. Finally, through the verification of the Oncomine database, it was found that the expression levels of MYL9 and SPARCL1 were consistent with the mRNA levels in LUAD samples, and both were downregulated.Conclusion: Two survival-related genes, MYL9 and SPARCL1, were determined to be highly correlated with the development of LUAD. Both may play an essential role in the development LUAD and may be potential biomarkers for its diagnosis and treatment in the future.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF AGERATUM CONYZOIDES L. (BABANDOTAN) LEAVES EXTRACT ON RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS MODEL RAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Erna Harfiani ◽  
Riri Nurul Suci ◽  
Ade Arsianti ◽  
Anton Bahtiar ◽  
Katrin Basah
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

ABSTRACTObjective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in joints. Ageratum conyzoides L. (Babandotan)leaves are proven to be used in inflammation therapy, yet there is a little data regarding the effects of the leaves on RA. The aim of this study is toinvestigate anti-RA activity of the ethanolic extract of A. conyzoides L. leaves (EEAL) harvested from Bogor, Indonesia, in rats.Methods: The phytochemical screening analysis and thin-layer chromatography were performed to analyze the constituents of the EEAL. This studyused white male Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into 6 groups; normal control and negative control groups, both given 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose; the positive control group, given methotrexate suspension (0.05 mg/200 g bw.); the dose variation extract is 40 mg, 80 mg, and 160 mg/200 gbody weight. All the groups were induced with 0.1 ml Complete Freund’s adjuvant on day 1, except normal control group. Some parameters will bemeasured, such as paw edema, levels of leukocyte and lymphocyte, concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the number of osteoclastsper mm2.Results: For 21 days the rats have given treated the EEAL in three doses, was showed the decreasing volume of paw edema, levels of blood leukocytesand lymphocytes, concentrations of TNF-α and the number of osteoclasts, compared to the rat model of RA.Conclusion: This study showed that the leaves of A. conyzoides L. harvested from Bogor, Indonesia, have activity as anti-RA in a rat model, in whichflavonoid plays a role in inhibition of chronic inflammatory processes.Keywords: Ageratum conyzoides L. leaves, Anti-rheumatoid arthritis, Complete Freund’s adjuvant, Flavonoids.

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