scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi May Mitigate the Influence of a Joint Rise of Temperature and AtmosphericCO2on Soil Respiration in Grasslands

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vicca ◽  
C. Zavalloni ◽  
Y. S. H. Fu ◽  
L. Voets ◽  
Hervé Dupré de Boulois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Scenario ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Climate Effect

We investigated the effects of mycorrhizal colonization and future climate on roots and soil respiration (Rsoil) in model grassland ecosystems. We exposed artificial grassland communities on pasteurized soil (no living arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present) and on pasteurized soil subsequently inoculated with AMF to ambient conditions and to a combination of elevatedCO2and temperature (future climate scenario). After one growing season, the inoculated soil revealed a positive climate effect on AMF root colonization and this elicited a significant AMF x climate scenario interaction on root biomass. Whereas the future climate scenario tended to increase root biomass in the noninoculated soil, the inoculated soil revealed a 30% reduction of root biomass under warming at elevatedCO2(albeit not significant). This resulted in a diminished response ofRsoilto simulated climatic change, suggesting that AMF may contribute to an attenuated stimulation ofRsoilin a warmer, highCO2world.

How Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Impact on Soil Respiration?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Fang Ma ◽  
Shu Juan Zhang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Dan Shan ◽  
Xiao Feng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
P Content

Soil respiration can be altered by changing substance supply, respiratory capacity and the demand for the products. We carried out a field experiment in the northeast of China to understand how inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alters soil respiration in paddy fields. Soil respiration and factors contributing to it were measured for paddy fields either inoculated or non-inoculated with AMF, with or without fertilization. We found that inoculation increased soil respiration, net photosynthesis of rice leaves, N and P content of rice shoots and the abundance of actinomyces and fungi in rhizosphere; while the negative effect was only observed on root biomass. We also found that fertilization decreased the responses of soil respiration, root biomass and the abundance of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere to inoculation. However, it decreased the responses of net photosynthesis, shoot biomass and shoot N and P content to inoculation. Conclusively, AMF inoculation promoted soil respiration by enhancing substrate supply, respiratory capacity and the demand for products; while the impacts of inoculation were weakened by fertilization via respiration capacity and the demand for the products.

scholarly journals Plant Salinity Tolerance Conferred by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Associated Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khondoker M. G. Dastogeer ◽  
Mst Ishrat Zahan ◽  
Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Mst Arjina Akter ◽  
Shin Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

Soil salinity often hinders plant productivity in both natural and agricultural settings. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) symbionts can mediate plant stress responses by enhancing salinity tolerance, but less attention has been devoted to measuring these effects across plant-AMF studies. We performed a meta-analysis of published studies to determine how AMF symbionts influence plant responses under non-stressed vs. salt-stressed conditions. Compared to non-AMF plants, AMF plants had significantly higher shoot and root biomass (p < 0.0001) both under non-stressed conditions and in the presence of varying levels of NaCl salinity in soil, and the differences became more prominent as the salinity stress increased. Categorical analyses revealed that the accumulation of plant shoot and root biomass was influenced by various factors, such as the host life cycle and lifestyle, the fungal group, and the duration of the AMF and salinity treatments. More specifically, the effect of Funneliformis on plant shoot biomass was more prominent as the salinity level increased. Additionally, under stress, AMF increased shoot biomass more on plants that are dicots, plants that have nodulation capacity and plants that use the C3 plant photosynthetic pathway. When plants experienced short-term stress (<2 weeks), the effect of AMF was not apparent, but under longer-term stress (>4 weeks), AMF had a distinct effect on the plant response. For the first time, we observed significant phylogenetic signals in plants and mycorrhizal species in terms of their shoot biomass response to moderate levels of salinity stress, i.e., closely related plants had more similar responses, and closely related mycorrhizal species had similar effects than distantly related species. In contrast, the root biomass accumulation trait was related to fungal phylogeny only under non-stressed conditions and not under stressed conditions. Additionally, the influence of AMF on plant biomass was found to be unrelated to plant phylogeny. In line with the greater biomass accumulation in AMF plants, AMF improved the water status, photosynthetic efficiency and uptake of Ca and K in plants irrespective of salinity stress. The uptake of N and P was higher in AMF plants, and as the salinity increased, the trend showed a decline but had a clear upturn as the salinity stress increased to a high level. The activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the proline content changed due to AMF treatment under salinity stress. The accumulation of proline and catalase (CAT) was observed only when plants experienced moderate salinity stress, but peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased in AMF plants irrespective of salinity stress. Taken together, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influenced plant growth and physiology, and their effects were more notable when their host plants experienced salinity stress and were influenced by plant and fungal traits.

scholarly journals Morphological pattern of colonization by mycorrhizal fungi and the microbial activity observed in Barbados cherry crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Maria Tupinambá da Silva Júnior ◽  
Paulo Furtado Mendes Filho ◽  
Vânia Felipe Freire Gomes ◽  
Aldênia Mendes Mascena de Almeida ◽  
Kaio Gráculo Vieira Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Basal Soil Respiration

ABSTRACT: Our objective was to evaluate the morphological pattern of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as well as to study the microbiological activity of the soil on family farms where Barbados cherry was cultivated. Soil and root samples were selected from four areas in the municipality of Maranguape-CE where Barbados cherry was grown, which were named according to the age of plants in the following manner: A1-3, A2-3, and A3-3 (3 years), and A4-2 (2 years). After sampling, the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, morphological colonization pattern, basal soil respiration (SBR), and density of mycorrhizal spores (DS) were analyzed. The Paris-type morphological pattern was predominant in the root system of Barbados cherry; the affinity of this pattern in the culture was clear. Time of installation and management of Barbados cherry orchards in family farming areas promoted reduction in SBR. P levels in the soil may have negatively influenced root colonization and density of mycorrhizal spores.

Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alters soil respiration, soil aggregation and total organic carbon in tropical agriculture 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Camilo Peña Quemba ◽  
Alia Rodriguez ◽  
Ian Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Tropical Agriculture

<p>Soil degradation is a major concern worldwide and tropical agriculture is a major contributor to CO<sub>2</sub> release from soils. There is growing interest in stabilizing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> abundance to reduce its direct effect on global warming, by focusing on the potential of soil to sequester carbon. Soil structure directly influences soil stability and carbon sequestration. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the most important microbial soil components for soil aggregate formation and stabilization through physical and biochemical processes allowing the encapsulation of organic carbon. However, the contribution of AMF to soil aggregation remains to be demonstrated under field and farming conditions and has only been shown in pot experiments with sterilized non-mycorrhizal controls. Large differences in cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz), yield when inoculated under field conditions with diverse isolates of the AMF species Rhizophagus irregularis, suggests that carbon directed belowground and more importantly carbon sequestered within soil aggregates after harvesting might be driven by differences among AMF inocula. Thus, we evaluated the effect of 11 different isolates of Rhizophagus irregularis on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions to the atmosphere (soil respiration), soil aggregation and the amount of soil organic carbon stored in aggregates in soils under commercial cassava cropping. Soil respiration was measured in situ by infrared gas analyser (IRGA, Li-COR 8100A) means. Soil samples were taken in surface (10 cm) and subsoil (30 cm) were taken to determine water stable aggregates size distribution (6.3, 4, 2, 1 and 0.5 mm), total stable aggregates (TSA) and total organic carbon (TOC) per aggregate size. After just one-year, our results showed that carbon decomposition (as measured by soil respiration), soil aggregation and carbon storage (in soil aggregates) were significantly affected by inoculation with AMF. Soil respiration was strongly and differentially affected by R. irregularisisolates with a difference of up to 78% in CO<sub>2</sub> release from the soil. In surface, we found differences in TSA of up to 20% among inoculation treatments driven principally by an increase up to 6.3% in macroaggregate sizes. In subsoil, the TSA differences were up to 40% between AMF lines and at 2 mm aggregate size differences were up to 9,22% compare with non-inoculated treatment. Interestingly in this experiment, TOC and soil aggregation were not correlated. Although TOC in macroaggregates was significatively different up 44% among AMF treatments. Soil aggregation is a soil property often thought as static. Moreover, changes in soil aggregation as the ones we have shown here had only been reported after long-term experiments (up to 30 years) with low intrusive tillage practices (non- or reduced-tillage). Our results clearly show the enormous potential of using AMF in field conditions as a primary tool to improve ecosystem services and soil health in short periods of time.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Soil aggregation, AMF, Cassava, carbon storage, soil respiration</p>

Performance and gene effects for root characters and micronutrient uptake in wheat inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Azotobacter chroococcum

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Singh ◽  
R. Behl ◽  
P. Jain ◽  
N. Narula ◽  
K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake

The present investigation was conducted to investigate the impact of bio-inoculants on the magnitude and direction of gene effects and mean performance for root length density, root biomass per plant, AMF colonization in roots and micronutrient uptake (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in wheat under low input field conditions. The material for study comprised three wheat cultivars, WH 147 (low mineral input), WH 533 (drought-tolerant), Raj 3077 (high mineral input) and six generations (P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , F 2 , BC 1 and BC 2 ) of three crosses, namely WH 147 × WH 533, WH 533 × Raj 3077 and WH 147 × Raj 3077. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications having three treatments, i.e. (i) control; (ii) inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomus fasciculatum ); (iii) dual inoculation with AMF and Azotobacter chroococcum ( Azc ). The fertilizer doses in all three treatments were 80 kg N + 40 kg P + 18 kg ZnSO 4 ha −1 . Root length density, root biomass per plant, AMF colonization in roots and Zn and Mn content were found to be maximum after dual inoculation with AMF+ Azc in all three crosses. Joint scaling tests revealed that additive-dominance gene effects were mainly operative in governing the expression of root biomass, Cu and Zn content in all three crosses for all three treatments (i.e. control, AMF and AMF + Azc ). Pedigree selection in crosses WH 147 × WH 533 and WH 147 × Raj 3077 could be effective for breeding pure lines of wheat for sustainable agriculture (low input genotypes responsive to biofertilizers such as AMF and Azotobacter ).

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the biomass and nutrition of Urochloa decumbens at different soil densities

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Reis Sales ◽  
Geanderson Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Raphael Henrique da Silva Siqueira ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Valdemar Faquin
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the accumulation of shoot and root biomass and on the nutrient contents of Urochloa decumbens grown in soils with different densities. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement: four soil densities (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 kg dm-3) with and without inoculation of AMF, with four replicates. The biomass accumulation (dry matter weight of shoot and roots) and macro- and micronutrient contents of U. decumbens were determined at different soil densities. The mycorrhizal colonization of the plants was evaluated, and the number of mycorrhizal spores present in the soil was determined. The biomass accumulation of shoot and roots and macro- and micronutrient contents, as well as the number of mycorrhizal spores in the soil, were negatively affected by the increase in soil density. Only root biomass increased with AMF inoculation. There was no interaction between soil density and inoculation for shoot and root biomass accumulation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the accumulation of biomass in the roots and of N and Ca contents in the shoots of Urochloa decumbens even at the highest soil densities.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN KACANG HIAS (Arachis pintoi) PADA MEDIA TANAH PASCA PENAMBANGAN BATUBARA YANG DIPERKAYA MIKORIZA, KAPUR DAN PUPUK NPK

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Willie Samodra Laya ◽  
Moehansyah Moehansyah ◽  
Jamzuri Hadie
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Glomus Sp

This study aimed to determine the effects of the provision of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), the provision of lime, and the provision of NPK fertilizer, and the interaction effect of the provision of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), lime and NPK fertilizers in promoting the growth of pinto peanut in the soil media of post-mining land. The research method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) three-factor factorial with the first factor is the type of inoculant FMA (M) = 3 levels, the second factor is the provision of lime (K) = 3 levels, and the third factor is the NPK fertilizer (P) = 3 levels. These results indicated that the interaction between AMF Glomus sp. and NPK fertilizer dose of 1 gram/polybag can increase height increase pinto peanut plants for 34.16 % of the controls. The interaction between AMF Gigaspora sp. The lime dose of 50 % Al-dd and Fertilizers NPK dose of 1 gram/polybag can increase the growth of leaves pinto peanut plants at 108.33 % of the controls. The interaction between AMF Glomus sp. and NPK fertilizer dose of 2 grams/polybag can increase canopy and root biomass pinto peanut plants at 245.21 % of the controls. The interaction between AMF Glomus sp. and NPK fertilizer dose of 2 grams/polybag can increase canopy and root biomass pinto peanut plants at 245.21 % of the controls. Level relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) was influenced by the type of AMF plant inoculated host. Highest RMD shown in pinto peanut using AMF Glomus sp. is 31.99% at moderately dependent.

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