scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in HBV-Related Infection

PPAR Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Dubuquoy ◽  
Alexandre Louvet ◽  
Antoine Hollebecque ◽  
Philippe Mathurin ◽  
Sébastien Dharancy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Transcription And Replication ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Thirty years after its discovery, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) still remains a major global public health problem. Worldwide, two billion subjects have been infected, 350 million have a chronic infection and more than 600 000 die annually of HBV-related liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma; new infections occur because of the presence of a large reservoir of chronic carriers of the virus. Since a decade several studies describe the interrelations between HBV and nuclear receptors and more particularly the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). After a brief introduction, this review will make a rapid description of HBV incidence and biology. Then a report of the literature on the role of PPARs on viral transcription and replication will be developed. Finally, the role of HBV on PPAR expression and activity will be discussed. Concluding remarks and perspectives will close this review.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection; recent findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e19-e19
Author(s):  
Alireza Pouramini ◽  
Fatemeh Kafi ◽  
Shakiba Hassanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

COVID-19 infection increases the risk of death in patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes or obesity. The exact role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection is unknown and controversial. Furthermore, the exact prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is still unknown but it affects individuals worldwide regardless of ethnicity and age. Herein, we give an overview of vitamin D deficiency as a global public health problem, the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection, and the proper approach to treating vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Animal Models for the Study of Hepatitis B Virus Pathobiology and Immunity: Past, Present, and Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Zhang ◽  
Xiaomeng Wang ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Reena Ghildyal ◽  
Zhenghong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Viral Immune Evasion ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Viral Lifecycle ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem that plagues approximately 240 million people. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) often leads to liver inflammation and aberrant repair which results in diseases ranging from liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, to hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite its narrow species tropism, researchers have established various in vivo models for HBV or its related viruses which have provided a wealth of knowledge on viral lifecycle, pathogenesis, and immunity. Here we briefly revisit over five decades of endeavor in animal model development for HBV and summarize their advantages and limitations. We also suggest directions for further improvements that are crucial for elucidation of the viral immune-evasion strategies and for development of novel therapeutics for a functional cure.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SEPSIS PROGRESSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
R. E. Yakubtsevich ◽  
◽  
A. V. Lemesh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background. Sepsis is a global public health problem and is associated with high mortality rates in all countries. According to recent views, sepsis is defned as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an unregulated response of the host to infection. Objective. To analyze the results of scientifc studies confrming the key role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Material and methods. A qualitative analysis of 34 Russian-language and English-language sources concerning the role of the intestinal microbiota in the onset of sepsis was carried out. Results. It has been established that intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of sepsis and its disbalance can trigger the development of sepsis of various etiologies, mainly gram-negative. Conclusions. The analysis of the literature indicates that bacterial translocation can be natural provided that the immune system functions properly. Intestinal microbiota plays one of the leading roles in the development of sepsis. The use of probiotics and transplantation of intestinal microbiota contribute greatly to the treatment and prevention of sepsis in ICU patients.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Melatonin in Obesity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Qingyun Guan ◽  
Zixu Wang ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Yulan Dong ◽  
Yaoxing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Opioidergic System ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Obesity and its complications have become a prominent global public health problem that severely threatens human health. Melatonin, originally known as an effective antioxidant, is an endogenous hormone found throughout the body that serves various physiological functions. In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to its unique function in regulating energy metabolism, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism. Accumulating evidence has established the relationship between melatonin and obesity; nevertheless, not all preclinical and clinical evidence indicates the anti-obesity effect of melatonin, which makes it remain to conclude the clinical effect of melatonin in the fight against obesity. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of melatonin in regulating obesity-related symptoms, with emphasis on its underlying mechanisms. The role of melatonin in regulating the lipid profile, adipose tissue, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as the interactions of melatonin with the circadian rhythm, gut microbiota, sleep disorder, as well as the α7nAChR, the opioidergic system, and exosomes, make melatonin a promising agent to open new avenues in the intervention of obesity.

scholarly journals Recent Advances of Hepatitis B Detection towards Paper-Based Analytical Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aulia A. Tyas ◽  
Septi F. Raeni ◽  
Setyawan P. Sakti ◽  
Akhmad Sabarudin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Late Detection ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) still remains a major global public health problem. One-half to one-third of the total HBV infected people died due to late detection of HBV. Serological antigen and viral HBV detections can help in the diagnosis, referral, and treatment of HBV. Available methods for HBV detection mostly used bulky instruments. Miniaturization of devices for HBV detection has been started by narrowing down the size of the devices. Several methods have also been proposed to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of the miniaturized methods, such as sandwich recognition of the biomarkers and the use of nano- to micro-sized materials. This review presents recent HBV detections in the last two decades from laboratory-based instruments towards microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) for point-of-care testing (POCT) purposes. Early and routine analysis to detect HBV as early as possible could be achieved by POCT, especially for areas with limited access to a central laboratory and/or medical facilities.

scholarly journals LncRNA HOTAIR modulates hepatitis B virus transcription and replication by enhancing SP1 transcription factor

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (22) ◽  
pp. 3007-3022
Author(s):  
Fang Ren ◽  
Ji-Hua Ren ◽  
Chun-Li Song ◽  
Ming Tan ◽  
Hai-Bo Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sp1 Transcription Factor ◽  
Virus Transcription ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Lncrna Hotair ◽  
Transcription And Replication

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public health problem. Nearly 257 million people worldwide have been infected with HBV, resulting in 887,000 people dying of cirrhosis or liver cancer caused by chronic hepatitis B (CHB) annually. Therefore, identification of new targets against HBV is urgently needed. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have gained widespread attention in recent years due to their function in cancer, inflammation and other diseases. Notably, a growing number of lncRNAs have been found to play a role in HBV development. In the present study, we first identified a famous lncRNA, HOTAIR, which was significantly up-regulated in HBV-infected cells and PBMCs from CHB patients. Furthermore, we evaluated the clinical relevance of HOTAIR in 20 CHB patients and found that higher levels of HOTAIR expression were associated with higher ALT/AST levels and were positively correlated with HBsAg and HBV DNA levels. In addition, functional analysis showed that HOTAIR promoted HBV transcription and replication by elevating the activities of HBV promoters via modulation of the levels of cccDNA-bound SP1. In conclusion, our study reveals that HOTAIR expression is correlated with the clinicopathological and physiological characteristics of HBV. Thus, HOTAIR may serve as a novel HBV diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker based on its ability to facilitate HBV transcription and replication.

The Role of Natural Products in the Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis: a Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqun Wang ◽  
Sha Li ◽  
Yuqin Yao ◽  
Wenya Yin ◽  
Tinghong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Pulmonary fibrosis is an incurable end-stage lung disease and remains a global public health problem. Although there have been some breakthroughs in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, effective intervention...

4H-1,3-Benzothiazin-4-one a Promising Class Against MDR/XDR-TB

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza ◽  
Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Latent Disease ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Chemical Class ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is an important global public health problem, being responsible for millions of TB-related deaths worldwide. Due to the increased number of cases and resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to all drugs used for the treatment of this disease, we desperately need new drugs and strategies that could reduce treatment time with fewer side effects, reduced cost and highly active drugs against resistant strains and latent disease. Considering that, 4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one is a promising class of antimycobacterial agents in special against TB-resistant strains being the aim of this review the discussion of different aspects of this chemical class such as synthesis, mechanism of action, medicinal chemistry and combination with other drugs.

New trends in the pharmacological intervention of PPARs in obesity: Role of natural and synthetic compounds_

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Nabavi ◽  
Kasi Pandima Devi ◽  
Sethuraman Sathya ◽  
Ana Sanches-Silva ◽  
Listos Joanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

: Obesity is a major health concern for a growing fraction of the population, with the prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic disorders not being fully understood. Over the last decade, many attempts have been undertaken to understand the mechanisms at the basis of this condition, in which the accumulation of fat occurring in adipose tissue, leads to the pathogenesis of obesity related disorders. Among the most recent studies, those on Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) revealed that these nuclear receptor proteins acting as transcription factors, among others, regulate the expression of genes involved in energy, lipid, and glucose metabolisms, and chronic inflammation. The three different isotypes of PPARs, with different tissue expression and ligand binding specificity, exert similar or overlapping functions directly or indirectly linked to obesity. In this study, we reviewed the available scientific reports concerning the PPARs structure and functions, especially in obesity, considering both natural and synthetic ligands and their role in the therapy of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. In the whole, the collected data show that there are both natural and synthetic compounds that show beneficial promising activity as PPAR agonists in chronic diseases related to obesity.

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