scholarly journals Architecture-Level Exploration of Alternative Interconnection Schemes Targeting 3D FPGAs: A Software-Supported Methodology

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Siozios ◽  
Alexandros Bartzas ◽  
Dimitrios Soudris
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reconfigurable Architectures ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Vertical Interconnection ◽  
Utilization Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Frequency Power ◽  
Operation Frequency

In current reconfigurable architectures, the interconnection structures increasingly contribute more to the delay and power consumption. The demand for increased clock frequencies and logic density (smaller area footprint) makes the problem even more important. Three-dimensional (3D) architectures are able to alleviate this problem by accommodating a number of functional layers, each of which might be fabricated in different technology. However, the benefits of such integration technology have not been sufficiently explored yet. In this paper, we propose a software-supported methodology for exploring and evaluating alternative interconnection schemes for 3D FPGAs. In order to support the proposed methodology, three new CAD tools were developed (part of the 3D MEANDER Design Framework). During our exploration, we study the impact of vertical interconnection between functional layers in a number of design parameters. More specifically, the average gains in operation frequency, power consumption, and wirelength are 35%, 32%, and 13%, respectively, compared to existing 2D FPGAs with identical logic resources. Also, we achieve higher utilization ratio for the vertical interconnections compared to existing approaches by 8% for designing 3D FPGAs, leading to cheaper and more reliable devices.

scholarly journals Simulation Technique of Kinematic Processes in the Vehicle Steering Linkage

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.3) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergii Chernenko ◽  
Eduard Klimov ◽  
Andrii Chernish ◽  
Olexandr Pavlenko ◽  
Volodymyr Kukhar
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Turning Radius ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The results of the investigation of the turning kinematics of the steerable wheels of the KrAZ-7634NE off-road vehicle with a wheel formula 8x8 and two front steer axles are given. The theoretical relations between the steer angles of the steerable wheels on the basis of the scheme of double-axle steering turning of the vehicle are shown. The mathematical model of flat four-bar vehicle steering linkage is developed, it determines the relation between the steering linkage left and right steering arms turning angles at any turning radius of the vehicle. KrAZ-7634HE steering three-dimensional model was created and simulation technique of its work was carried out using Creo software. It has been shown that the flat steering linkage model provides sufficient accuracy of calculations in analysis of turning kinematics. The design data can be used for any vehicles that have a similar steering linkage, they allow to analyze the impact of the vehicle design parameters on the turning kinematics and optimize them. Further study of the impact of the kingpin inclinations on the steering linkage kinematic and power characteristics are required.  

Computational Study of Edge Cooling for Open-Cathode Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus P. Sasmito ◽  
Tariq Shamim ◽  
Erik Birgersson ◽  
Arun S. Mujumdar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Impact

In open-cathode polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) stacks, a significant temperature rise can exist due to insufficient cooling, especially at higher current densities. To improve stack thermal management while reducing the cost of cooling, we propose a forced air-convection open-cathode fuel cell stack with edge cooling (fins). The impact of the edge cooling is studied via a mathematical model of the three-dimensional two-phase flow and the associated conservation equations of mass, momentum, species, energy, and charge. The model includes the stack, ambient, fan, and fins used for cooling. The model results predict better thermal management and stack performance for the proposed design as compared to the conventional open-cathode stack design, which shows potential for practical applications. Several key design parameters—fin material and fin geometry—are also investigated with regard to the stack performance and thermal management.

scholarly journals Analysis of Nonisothermal Rarefied Gas Flow in Diverging Microchannels for Low-Pressure Microresistojets

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daduí C. Guerrieri ◽  
Angelo Cervone ◽  
Eberhard Gill
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Rarefied Gas ◽  
Specific Impulse ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Channel Geometry ◽  
Rarefied Flow ◽  
The Impact

Heat transfer and fluid flow through different microchannel geometries in the transitional regime (rarefied flow) are analyzed by means of direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations. Four types of three-dimensional microchannels, intended to be used as expansion slots in microresistojet concepts, are investigated using nitrogen as working fluid. The main purpose is to understand the impact of the channel geometry on the exit velocity and the transmission coefficient, parameters which are well known to affect directly the thruster performance. Although this analysis can be applied in principle to several possible microfluidics scenarios, particular focus is given to its application in the field of space propulsion for micro-, nano-, and picosatellites, for which the requirements ask for low thrust levels from some micronewtons to a few millinewtons and moderate specific impulse, as well as a low power consumption in the order of a few watts. Analysis shows that the thrust produced by one single microchannel can be increased by about 480% with a careful selection of the channel geometry, decreasing at the same time the specific impulse by just 5%, with a power consumption decrease of more than 66.7%.

A comparative study of thermal performance in three generations of Iranian residential buildings: Case studies in Csa Gorgan

2020 ◽  
pp. 174425912090624
Author(s):  
Shima Moolavi Sanzighi ◽  
Farzaneh Soflaei ◽  
Mehdi Shokouhian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses on evaluating thermal performance of different types of residential buildings in Mediterranean climate (Csa) of Iran. The aim is to identify the main design parameters in nine research cases, selected from three distinct periods of history with different architectural styles, and evaluating thermal performance of these buildings. To that end, a library study was carried out to identify the most influential passive design strategies and to highlight their impact on thermal comfort and energy efficiency of residential buildings. A field survey was conducted to determine the most common types of average-income houses in Csa climate of Gorgan, Iran, with a historical overview from 19th century to present. Nine buildings were selected to study from three different period of times including the years from 1850 to 1925, 1925 to 1979 and 1979 to present. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to assess the impact of four main design parameters including orientation, geometrical properties, openings and materials on indoor thermal comfort for each case, using Design Builder commercial software package. The correlation between these design variables and thermal comfort was presented; the results reveal that the contemporary residential buildings are not designed as efficient as traditional houses in this area, in terms of passive energy saving techniques.

New thermal-hydraulic correlations for printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) with zigzag channels under high Reynolds numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina P. Naveira-Cotta ◽  
Jian Su ◽  
Paulo Lucena Kreppel Paes ◽  
Philippe R. Egmont ◽  
Rodrigo P. M. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Channel Diameter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
High Reynolds Numbers ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of semi-circular zigzag-channel printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) design parameters on heat transfer and pressure drop of flows under high Reynolds numbers and provide new thermal-hydraulic correlations relevant to conditions encountered in natural gas processing plants. Design/methodology/approach The correlations were developed using three-dimensional steady-state computational fluid dynamics simulations with varying semicircular channel diameter (from 1 to 5 mm), zigzag angle (from 15° to 45°) and Reynolds number (from 40,000 to 100,000). The simulation results were validated by comparison with experimental results and existing correlations. Findings The results revealed that the thermal-hydraulic performance was mostly affected by the zigzag angle, followed by the ratio of the zigzag channel length to the hydraulic diameter. Overall, smaller zigzag angles favored heat transfer intensification while keeping reasonably low pressure drops. Originality/value This study is, to date, the only one providing thermal-hydraulic correlations for PCHEs with zigzag channels under high Reynolds numbers. Besides, the broad range of parameters considered makes the proposed correlations valuable PCHE design tools.

Computational Study of Edge Cooling for Open-Cathode Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Pulung Sasmito ◽  
Tariq Shamim ◽  
Erik Birgersson ◽  
Arun Sadashiv Mujumdar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
The Impact

In open-cathode polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) stacks, a significant temperature rise can exist due to insufficient cooling, especially at higher current densities. To improve stack thermal management whilst reducing the cost for cooling, we propose a forced air-convection open-cathode fuel cell stack with edge cooling (fins). The impact of the edge cooling is studied via mathematical model of the three-dimensional two-phase flow and associated conservation equations of mass, momentum, species, energy and charge. The model includes stack, ambient, fan and fins used for cooling. The model results predict better thermal management and stack performance for the proposed design as compared to the conventional open-cathode stack design, which shows potential for practical application. Several key design parameters — fin material and fin geometry — are also investigated with regards to the stack performance and thermal management.

Numerical Optimization of Key Design Parameters of a Thermoelectric Microfluidic Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Biochemical Analytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Mohammad Ishraq Bari ◽  
Louis G. Reis ◽  
Gergana G. Nestorova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Channel Height ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Thermoelectric Sensor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The design of highly sensitive thermoelectric microfluidic sensors for the characterization of biochemical processes is an important area of engineering research. This study reports the design and fabrication of a continuous-flow biosensor with an integrated thermopile and three-dimensional numerical analysis of the critical design parameters that significantly increase the detection sensitivity of the platform. The paper discusses the impact of volumetric flowrate, channel height, material thermal properties, and heat sink on the magnitude of the thermoelectric signal. In the platform understudy, the heat generated by the enzymatic reaction between glucose oxidase-conjugated antibody and glucose is converted to an electric output by an antimony-bismuth thin-film thermopile with a theoretical Seebeck coefficient of 7.14 µV mK−1. Since this experimental configuration has been implemented in a various biochemical analysis, particular emphasis in this work is maximizing the detection sensitivity of the device. Computational thermal modeling was performed to investigate the impact of channel height (50 µm, 100 µm, 150 µm, and 200 µm), the volumetric flow rate of the substrate (25 µL min−1 and 50 µL min−1), and the microdevice material (glass, PMMA, and PDMS) on the output of the thermoelectric sensor. Experimental data validated the model and provided an excellent correlation between the predicted and measured voltage output. Results show that fabricating the calorimeter out of materials with lower thermal diffusivity, reducing the channel height, and eliminating the heat sink at the reference junction of the thermopile increases the sensitivity of the platform by 783%.

Design and Analysis of a Novel Lightweight, Energy Economic Powered Knee Orthotic Device

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Sahoo ◽  
Aditya Jain ◽  
Dilip Kumar Pratihar
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Angular Deviation ◽  
Natural Behavior ◽  
Orthotic Device ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Novel Design

The task of a powered knee orthotic device (PKOD) is to assist the knee joint so that its natural behavior can be restored. The key features of a PKOD that may help to regain such characteristics are low power consumption, fast response, compactness, and lightweight. This study proposes a novel design of PKOD, where we have focused on the betterment of the mentioned features with the help of a new mechanism, namely a four-bar controlled compliance actuator (FCCA). In FCCA, instead of using the widely used screw transmission mechanism, a four-bar mechanism is used to modify the joint's angular deviation and stiffness. The main advantages of using FCCA over other existing mechanisms are to reduce the power consumption by amplification of input motor torque and to achieve a faster response at the same time, and these are achieved by utilizing a simple four-bar mechanism. In the proposed design, FCCA controls both the stiffness of the artificial knee joint using a compliance mechanism as well as knee flexion with the help of a pulley arrangement. A three-dimensional (3D)-printed prototype of the proposed design has been developed, after optimizing the inherent design parameters. Simulation and experimental analysis are carried out in order to justify the performance of the proposed PKOD. The results have shown strong agreement with that obtained using analytical study and optimization. Moreover, the torque amplification is achieved, as desired.

Redesign of a Transonic Compressor Rotor by Means of a Three-Dimensional Inverse Design Method: A Parametric Study

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duccio Bonaiuti ◽  
Abeetha Pitigala ◽  
Mehrdad Zangeneh ◽  
Yansheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Inverse Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Blade Loading ◽  
Inverse Design Method ◽  
The Impact

In the present paper, the redesign of a transonic rotor was performed by means of a three-dimensional viscous inverse design method. The inverse approach used in this work is one where the pressure loading, blade thickness distribution and stacking axis are specified and the camber surface is calculated accordingly. The design of transonic and supersonic axial compressors strongly relies on the ability to control the shock strength, location and structure. The use of an inverse design method allows one to act directly on aerodynamic parameters, like the blade loading, and provides an efficient tool to control the shock wave and its interaction with the boundary and secondary flows and with the tip clearance vortex. In the present study, the parametric investigation of the blade loading distribution was carried out. Few design parameters, with immediate physical meaning, were required to control the three-dimensional blade loading, and their impact on the design and off-design performance of the rotor was assessed by means of CFD calculations. Further investigations were then performed in order to study the impact on the rotor performance of the geometrical parameters (meridional channel and thickness distribution), which must be imposed in the design with the inverse method. As a result, it was possible to develop guidelines for the aerodynamic design of transonic rotors that can be exploited for similar design applications.

Three Dimensional Design and Optimization of a Transonic Rotor in Axial Flow Compressors

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Okui ◽  
Tom Verstraete ◽  
R. A. Van den Braembussche ◽  
Zuheyr Alsalihi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Stall Margin ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Transonic Compressor ◽  
Compressor Rotor ◽  
Differential Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a 3-D optimization of a moderately loaded transonic compressor rotor by means of a multi-objective optimization system. The latter makes use of a Differential Evolutionary Algorithm in combination with an Artificial Neural Network and a 3D Navier-Stokes solver. Operating it on a cluster of 30 processors enabled the optimization of a large design space composed of the tip camber line and spanwise distribution of sweep and chord length. Objectives were an increase of efficiency at unchanged stall margin by controlling the shock waves and off-design performance curve. First, tests on a single blade row allowed a better understanding of the impact of the different design parameters. Forward sweep with unchanged camber improved the peak efficiency by only 0.3% with a small increase of the stall margin. Backward sweep with an optimized S shaped camber line improved the efficiency by 0.6% with unchanged stall margin. It is explained how the camber line control could introduce the forward sweep effect and compensate the negative effects of the backward sweep. The best results (0.7% increase in efficiency and unchanged stall margin) have been obtained by a stage optimization that also considered the spanwise redistribution of the rotor flow and loading to reduce the Mach number at the stator hub.

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