scholarly journals A Unified Approach for Predicting Long- and Short-Term Capability Indices with Dependence on Manufacturing Target Bias

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil T. Satyala ◽  
R. J. Pieper
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Process Mean ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Capability Index ◽  
Capability Indices ◽  
Distributed Process ◽  
Specific Formulation

It is shown that the exact solution for the capability index (CPI) for Gaussian-distributed process with target bias can be expressed in terms of an unbiased CPI and a normalized target bias. The principal advantage of this specific formulation is that it facilitates evaluation of the degradation of the capability of the process due to bias between process mean and the process target. It is shown how this formalism, initially developed for the short-term process, is readily extended to long-term process for which the distribution is Gaussian. Readily isolated in the latter case are the two long-term CPI degrading effects, namely, process instability and target bias. Sufficient conditions to guarantee that long-term processes are distributed as Gaussian are discussed. Within the context of these assumed conditions, a new paradigm for a long-term locator ‘‘k’’ is proposed. For a three sigma process the results indicate that the exact CPI model is a less pessimistic predictor than both of the industry CPI models tested.

PERFORMANCE OF PROCESS CAPABILITY INDICES FOR WEIBULL AND LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS OR AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESSES

1996 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. PADGETT ◽  
A. SENGUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Process Capability ◽  
Process Capability Indices ◽  
Autoregressive Processes ◽  
Process Mean ◽  
Lognormal Distributions ◽  
Standard Index ◽  
Capability Indices ◽  
Distributed Process ◽  
Process Measurements ◽  
Normally Distributed

The usual definitions of process capability indices assume that observations are independent and identically normally distributed. The process mean may shift and from that point forward the process is out of control but the observations are still independent and normally distributed. When the observations are non-normal or correlated, the estimation of the standard capability indices can be greatly affected. In this paper comparison of estimators of capability indices is presented when the process measurements are from one of two families of skewed distributions, Weibull or lognormal. Also, an investigation of estimators of the standard index, Cpk, is presented for normally distributed process measurements which follow an autoregressive model of order one.

scholarly journals A Survey on Session-based Recommender Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Shoujin Wang ◽  
Longbing Cao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Quan Z. Sheng ◽  
Mehmet A. Orgun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recommender Systems ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Session Length ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
New Research ◽  
Dynamic User Preferences

Recommender systems (RSs) have been playing an increasingly important role for informed consumption, services, and decision-making in the overloaded information era and digitized economy. In recent years, session-based recommender systems (SBRSs) have emerged as a new paradigm of RSs. Different from other RSs such as content-based RSs and collaborative filtering-based RSs that usually model long-term yet static user preferences, SBRSs aim to capture short-term but dynamic user preferences to provide more timely and accurate recommendations sensitive to the evolution of their session contexts. Although SBRSs have been intensively studied, neither unified problem statements for SBRSs nor in-depth elaboration of SBRS characteristics and challenges are available. It is also unclear to what extent SBRS challenges have been addressed and what the overall research landscape of SBRSs is. This comprehensive review of SBRSs addresses the above aspects by exploring in depth the SBRS entities (e.g., sessions), behaviours (e.g., users’ clicks on items), and their properties (e.g., session length). We propose a general problem statement of SBRSs, summarize the diversified data characteristics and challenges of SBRSs, and define a taxonomy to categorize the representative SBRS research. Finally, we discuss new research opportunities in this exciting and vibrant area.

scholarly journals Diagnostics, Risk Factors, Treatment and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in a New Paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charat Thongprayoon ◽  
Panupong Hansrivijit ◽  
Karthik Kovvuru ◽  
Swetha R. Kanduri ◽  
Aldo Torres-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition among patients admitted in the hospitals. The condition is associated with both increased short-term and long-term mortality. With the development of a standardized definition for AKI and the acknowledgment of the impact of AKI on patient outcomes, there has been increased recognition of AKI. Two advances from past decades, the usage of computer decision support and the discovery of AKI biomarkers, have the ability to advance the diagnostic method to and further management of AKI. The increasingly widespread use of electronic health records across hospitals has substantially increased the amount of data available to investigators and has shown promise in advancing AKI research. In addition, progress in the finding and validation of different forms of biomarkers of AKI within diversified clinical environments and has provided information and insight on testing, etiology and further prognosis of AKI, leading to future of precision and personalized approach to AKI management. In this this article, we discussed the changing paradigms in AKI: From mechanisms to diagnostics, risk factors, and management of AKI.

Differential responses of growth, photosynthesis, respiration, and phosphate uptake to copper in copper-tolerant and copper-intolerant strains of Scenedesmus acutus (Chlorophyceae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1295-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czeslawa Nalewajko ◽  
Mary M. Olaveson
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Scenedesmus Acutus ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽  
Copper Tolerant

We detected significant differences in copper toxicity to growth and several physiological processes (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration, and phosphate uptake) in three strains of Scenedesmus acutus f. alternans demonstrating differential sensitivity to copper. The copper-intolerant strain (designated X-72) and the two copper-tolerant strains (designated X-Cu and B-4) were tested in long-term (5-day) growth bioassays and short-term (< 24 h) physiological experiments under both nutrient-sufficient and nutrient-limited conditions. The three strains showed the same pattern of sensitivity to copper for growth and for all physiological processes examined: the copper-intolerant strain, X-72, showed the greatest sensitivity, followed by X-Cu. B-4 was most tolerant. Under nutrient-sufficient conditions, growth was more sensitive to copper than photosynthesis or respiration. Depression of the growth rate to 50% of control occurred at 25, 56, and 175 nmol Cu/106 cells in X-72, X-Cu, and B-4, respectively. Photosynthesis and respiration were inhibited in cultures that were preexposed to algistatic copper dosages for 20 h prior to testing. Both processes were equally inhibited in X-72 (to about 8.5% of controls) and in X-Cu (to about 32% of controls), but respiration was more inhibited than photosynthesis in B-4 (to 47.7 vs. 67.1% of control rates). L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), a known inhibitor of phytochelatin synthesis, significantly reduced the tolerance of photosynthesis to copper in X-72 but not in X-Cu or B-4. Short-term responses among several physiological processes were also examined under phosphorus and nitrogen limitation. In P-limited cultures, phosphate uptake was depressed by 50% at 3 nmol Cu/106 cells in X-72, and at 5.8 nmol Cu/106 cells in X-Cu and B-4. In N-limited cultures, photosynthesis was more tolerant to copper than in nutrient-sufficient conditions in both X-72 and X-Cu but less tolerant in B-4. Key words: copper toxicity, growth, nutrient limitation, nitrogen, phosphate uptake, photosynthesis, respiration, Scenedesmus.

scholarly journals Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy after the First Decade: Surgical Evolution or New Paradigm

ISRN Urology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Skarecky
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Open Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

Early studies indicate that robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has promising short-term outcomes; however, RARP is beyond its infancy, and the long-term report cards are now beginning. The important paradigm shift introduced by RARP is the reevaluation of the entire open radical prostatectomy experience in surgical technique by minimizing blood loss and complications, maximizing cancer free outcomes, and a renewed assault in preserving quality of life outcomes by many novel mechanisms. RARP provides a new technical “canvas” for surgical masters to create upon, and in ten years, has reinvigorated a 100-year-old “gold standard” surgery.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Abstract #283 Diabetes Increases Short-Term but not Long-Term Risk of Fracture: A Community-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Alyssa Dufour ◽  
Setareh Williams ◽  
Richard Weiss ◽  
Elizabeth Samelson
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Risk Of Fracture
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