scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Phenolic Composites Reinforced with Flax-g-copolymers Prepared under Different Reaction Conditions - A Comparative Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Kalia ◽  
B. S. Kaith
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reinforcing Material

Graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and its binary mixtures such as MMA + ethyl acrylate (EA), MMA + acrylonitrile (AN), MMA + acrylic acid (AA), MMA + vinyl acetate (VA), MMA + acrylamide (AAm) and MMA + styrene (Sty) with flax fiber have been prepared in air (IA) and under the influence of microwave radiations (MWR). Synthesized flax-g-copolymers under two different reaction conditions were used as reinforcing material in the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde composites. Mechanical properties such as wear resistance, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and stress at the limit of proportionality (SP) were measured and a comparative studied has been made. It has been found that composites reinforced with flax-g-copolymers-MWR showed better mechanical properties in comparison to composites reinforced with flax-g-copolymers-IA

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanical Evaluation of the Phenol-Formaldehyde Composites

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (s1) ◽  
pp. S1015-S1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Kaith ◽  
Aashish Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Physico Chemical

Phenol: formaldehyde ratio was varied in the synthesis of phenol- formaldehyde resin and used to prepare the composites. These composites were then evaluated for their mechanical strength on the basis of tensile strength, compressive strength and wear resistance. Composite with better strength was characterized by IR, SEM, XRD, TGA/DTA and further studies were carried out for its physico-chemical and mechanical properties like viscosity, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and stress at the limit of proportionality (SP)etc.

Pengaruh Tekanan dan Penggunaan Conplast terhadap Sifat Mekanik Eternit dari Abu Cangkang Sawit

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Haspiadi Haspiadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Test Result

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of pressure and use of conplast against mechanical properties which are a Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of plasterboard. The study is done because still low quality of plasterboard made from a mixture of ashes of oil-palm shell especially of the mechanical properties compared to the controls. The method of this reserach used variation of printed pressure and the addition of conplast. Test result is obtained that the highest value of Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) 90875.94 Kg/cm2, Modulus of Rupture (MOR) 61.16 Kg/cm2 and density values in generally good printed at the pressure 60 g/cm3 and the addition of conplast 25% as well as the composition of the ash of palm shell oil 40%: limestone 40%: cement 15%: fiber 5% and 300 mL of water. ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tekanan dan penggunaan conplast terhadap sifat mekanik yaitu kuat lentur dan keteguhan patah eternit berbahan dasar abu cangkang sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena masi rendahnya mutu eternit berbahan campuran abu cangkang sawit dari bolier khususnya sifat mekanik dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan variasi tekanan cetak dan penambahan conplast. Hasil uji diperoleh bahwa kuat lentur tertinggi sebesar 90875,94 Kg/cm2 dan keteguhan patah sebesar 61,16 Kg/cm2, yang dicetak pada tekanan 60 g/cm3 dan penambahan conplast 25% dengan komposisi  abu cangkang sawit 40 %: kapur 40 % : semen 15 %: serat 5 % dan air 300 mL.Kata Kunci :  Abu cangkang sawit, conplast, kuat lentur, keteguhan patah.

Influence of Moisture Content in some Mechanical Properties of Two Brazilian Tropical Wood Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Melgaço N. Branco ◽  
Eduardo Chahud ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr ◽  
Rosane A.G. Battistelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Fiber Saturation ◽  
Brazilian Standard

This study aimed, with the aid of analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate and quantify the influence of moisture ranging between 12% and over 30% (fiber saturation) on the mechanical properties: strength and modulus of elasticity in compression and in tension parallel to grain; modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in static bending; shear strength parallel to grain considering wood species Ipê (Tabebuia sp) and Angelim Araroba (Vataireopsis araroba). Tests were performed according to the assumptions and calculating methods Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190, Anexx B, totalizing 400 tests. Results of ANOVA revealed a significant reduction (16% on average) for mechanical properties wood due to the increase in moisture content from 12% to over 30% (fiber saturation). The same behavior also occurred when assembly containing the two species was considered.

scholarly journals Sixteen properties of Eucalyptus Tereticornis wood for structural uses

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Cristina de Jesus Albuquerque Nogueira ◽  
Victor Almeida de Araujo ◽  
Juliano Souza Vasconcelos ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Eucalyptus Tereticornis ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Through Diffusion ◽  
Standard Documents

Forest Red Gum eucalypt provides a versatile wood and is converted into different purposes. However, such wood is somewhat limited in structural ends, which highlights the need to exploit this gap through diffusion of mechanical properties of such timber. Obtained results should assist engineers and architects in decision-making for its best building application. This paper studied two physical and fourteen mechanical properties evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis at two different moisture contents, following the prescriptions of Brazilian (ABNT NBR 7190: 1997) and North American (ASTM D-143-14: 2014) standard documents. Thus, 1091 repeats were carried out for all properties. By a moisture reduction from 30% to 12%, the bulk density and eleven strength properties statistically showed changes such as modulus of rupture (static bending, parallel and perpendicular compressions), modulus of elasticity (perpendicular compression and static bending), shear stress, tangential cleavage, and parallel and perpendicular hardnesses. Then, the Eucalyptus tereticornis timber could be better usable if is further applied for structural construction uses.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Commercial Particleboard from Rubberwood (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Recycle Mix-Tropical Wood with Different Board Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Nur Wafa Amalina Amali ◽  
Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽  
Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Minimum Requirements

In this study, mechanical properties of commercially manufactured hybrid particleboard from mix-tropical wood and rubberwood with four different densities at 25mm thickness have been investigated. The particleboard sample cutting and testing was in accordance to EN312:2013. The density of particleboard is identified with interval of 10kg/m3 for different densities which include 660kg/m3, 670kg/m3, 680kg/m3 and 690kg/m3. Particleboards were made with the ratio of 40:60 for mix-tropical wood particle and rubberwood particle respectively. The particleboards were prepared with urea formaldehyde (UF) with E1 formulation with addition of wax and hardener.  Increment of 10kg/m3 density for each particleboard led to increase in internal bonding (IB), bending testing include modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), surface soundness (SS) and screw edge (SE) withdrawal. It was found that with board increment of 10kg/m3, the improvement was not statically significant except that for MOR. All panels met the minimum requirements of standard.

Design and Property Analysis of the Metal Mesh Reinforced LVL

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2145-2149
Author(s):  
Ying Cheng Hu ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Fang Chao Cheng ◽  
Xu Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
Property Analysis ◽  
Wood Grain

This study mainly analyzed the factors that affected the mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber（LVL）. To increase the mechanical properties, metal mesh was inserted into LVL that made of fast-growing timber. Effects of different factors were evaluated on the mechanical properties of LVL, several enhancement modes of metal mesh were designed to reinforce the LVL. Then, the mechanical properties (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity) of the LVL specimens were measured by static bending test. The results of different enhancement modes were analyzed and compared to investigate the effects of different factors. The position of metal mesh and the mesh number of metal mesh make significant effects on the MOE; the type of metal mesh and the angle of metal mesh-wood grain do not have any obvious effects on the MOE. The type of metal mesh and the position of metal mesh make significant effects on the MOR; the mesh number of metal mesh and the angle of metal mesh-wood grain do not have any obvious effects on the MOR.

The Effect of Impregnation Process on the Performance of Veneer Composite Plank

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2411-2414
Author(s):  
Xing Zhen ◽  
Jiu Yin Pang ◽  
Shi Cheng Zhang ◽  
Ya Zhe Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Absorption ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Impregnation Process ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Peak Value

This study focuses on the effect of impregnation process on the main mechanical properties in the production of veneer composite plank. The results showed that:①Under the normal pressure and temperature the drug absorption of impregnated veneer shall extend the volume with the growth in impregnation time, but growing faster early, the later change slowly. In the impregnation process under pressure, its absorption rate and speed are greatly increased. ②The Modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of veneer composite plank are gradually increased with the drug absorption increased, but after reached a certain peak value they gradually decrease, and the variation of MOE is smaller than MOR.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dynamic Materials Procured from Waste Biomass

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ashish Chauhan ◽  
Balbir Kaith
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Physico Chemical

Methyl acrylate (MA) monomer was graft copolymerized onto Hibiscus sabdariffa stem fiber and used to explore the additive effect of vinyl acrylate (VA) and ethyl acrylate (EA) on percentage grafting and the properties of the fiber, in binary vinyl monomeric mixtures. The graft copolymers were reinforced into phenol-formaldehyde polymer matrix to form biocomposites and characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DTA, and SEM techniques. They were evaluated for physico-chemical changes in properties like moisture absorption at different relative humidity levels and chemical resistance against 1 N NaOH and 1 N HCl. These graft copolymers-reinforced biocomposites had higher mechanical strength like hardness, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and stress at the limit of proportionality. These novel materials can have numerous scientific and industrial applications for the development of technology.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THERMAL MODIFICATION ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Eucalyptus badjensis MIXED PARTICLEBOARD / OSB PANELS

FLORESTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Giuliano Ferreira Pereira ◽  
Setsuo Iwakiri ◽  
Rosilani Trianoski ◽  
Polliana D'angelo Rios ◽  
Renan Zunta Raia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of thermal modifications, at different temperatures and exposure times, on the technological properties of mixed particleboard / OSB panels made out of Eucalyptus badjensis. Using the wood of Eucalyptus badjensis, Particleboard, OSB and mixed Particleboard/OSB panels (control and thermally modified) were manufactured. The mixed panels’ thermal modification was carried out under three temperatures (180ºC, 200ºC and 220ºC) and two exposure times (10 minutes and 12 minutes). For the panels’ manufacturing, 6% of phenol-formaldehyde adhesive and 1% of paraffin were employed, which was calculated based on the particles’ dry mass. The water absorption and thickness swelling properties were evaluated after 2 and 24 hours of immersion, in addition to the panels’ modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and internal bond. Based on the results, we were able to conclude that the thermal modification affected most of the physical properties positively. From the different exposure times studied, the most effective one was the period of 12 minutes, especially for water absorption after 2 hours, which caused a reduction of 11.27%. In turn, the most effective temperature was of 220ºC, highlighting the thickness swelling after 24 hours, which caused a swelling decrease of 23.76% in comparison with the control panels. Regarding the mechanical properties, the thermal modification, in terms of the studied exposure times and temperatures, did not affect the results of the mixed particleboard /OSB panels. 

scholarly journals Effects of thermo-hydro-mechanical treatments on various physical and mechanical properties of poplar (Populus) wood

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9596-9610
Author(s):  
Yali Shao ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Zhangjing Chen ◽  
Sunguo Wang ◽  
Ximing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Maximum Thickness

Poplar (Populus) wood was subjected in this work to thermo-hydro-mechanical treatment. The influence of the treatment parameters on the physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The wood samples were densified under three compression ratios (0%, 30%, and 50%), and thermally treated at three temperatures (180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C), at three thermal treatment durations (3 h, 4 h, and 5 h). The density, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, radial hardness, and thickness swelling were measured. The results showed that the densities of the samples increased by 36.6% to 49.7%. As the compression rate increased, the temperature, duration, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and hardness increased. However, the dimensions of the densified samples were less stable. Compared to the densified samples, the maximum thickness swelling could be reduced by 74% (from 29.7% to 7.8%) when subjected to a thermal treatment at 220 °C for 3 h.

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