scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Citrate Complexes

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stojan Djokić
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
General Formula ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Crystallization Product ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Over Time

Formation of silver citrate/citric acid complexed solutions was investigated. Although, silver citrate is minimally soluble in water, it can successfully be dissolved in citric acid solutions. The maximum concentration of Ag(I) in solution is estimated at 23 to 25 g/L if the concentration of citric acid is at least 4 mol/L or higher. The dissolution of silver citrate in citric acid solutions was attributed to the formation of silver citrate complexes of a general formula[Ag3(C6H5O7)n+1]3n−. The silver citrate/citric acid solutions, containing more than about 13 g/LAg+ion, have exhibited a decrease in Ag(I) concentration in solution over time, due to crystallization. The crystallization product was attributed to the formation of[Ag3C6H5O7]x⋅nH2O. Importantly, the diluted silver citrate/citric acid complexed solutions have exhibited very strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities.

Studying the Efficiency of Inhibitors in Chemical Cleaning of Heat-and-Power Equipment by Citric Acid Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
R. T. Burganov ◽  
A. R. Gilmullina ◽  
M. A. Kirilova ◽  
E. A. Kovrizhnykh
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Power Equipment ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Chemical Cleaning

Effect of pH, Acidulant, Time, and Temperature on the Growth and Survival of Listeria monocytogenes

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 571-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENT M. SORRELLS ◽  
DAVIN C. ENIGL ◽  
JOHN R. HATFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Ph Values

The effect of different acids, pH, incubation time, and incubation temperature on the growth and survival of four strains of Listeria monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth was compared. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid (AA), lactic acid (LA), malic acid (MA), and citric acid (CA) were used to acidify tryptic soy broth to pH values 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5.0, and 5.2 pH. Incubation times were 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 d at 10, 25, and 35°C. The inhibition of L. monocytogenes in the presence of high acidity appears to be a function of acid and incubation temperature. Based on equal pH values, the antimicrobial activity is AA > LA > CA ≥ MA > HCl at all incubation times and temperatures. When based on equal molar concentration, the activity appeared to be CA ≥ MA > LA ≥ AA > HCl at 35 and 25°C, and MA > CA > AA ≥ LA > HCl at 10°C. Greatest antimicrobial activity occurred at 35°C. Greatest survival occurred at 10°C and greatest growth occurred at 25°C. Final pH of the medium was as low as 3.8 in HCl at 28 d. All strains grew well at pH values lower than the minimum previously reported (5.5–5.6).

Molecular Interactions Investigation of L-Histidine in Water and in Aqueous Citric Acid at Different Temperatures Using Volumetric and Acoustic Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Shashi Kant Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Apparent Molar Volume ◽  
Adiabatic Compressibility ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Intermolecular Free Length ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractDensities,ρand ultrasonic speeds, u of L-histidine (0.02–0.12 mol·kg−1) in water and 0.1 mol·kg−1aqueous citric acid solutions were measured over the temperature range (298.15–313.15) K with interval of 5 K at atmospheric pressure. From these experimental data apparent molar volume ΦV, limiting apparent molar volume ΦVOand the slopeSV, partial molar expansibilities ΦEO, Hepler’s constant, adiabatic compressibilityβ, transfer volume ΦV, trO, intermolecular free length (Lf), specific acoustic impedance (Z) and molar compressibility (W) were calculated. The results are interpreted in terms of solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions in these systems. It has also been observed that L-histidine act as structure maker in water and aqueous citric acid.

Antimicrobial Activity, Quantification and Bactericidal Activities of Licorice Active Ingredients

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Jin Kim ◽  
Ha Na Jang ◽  
Jeong Yun Bae ◽  
Ji Hoon Ha ◽  
Soo Nam Park
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Activity Quantification

Antimicrobial activity of citric acid functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles –Superparamagnetic effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 10942-10951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Khan ◽  
Zaheer H. Shah ◽  
Saira Riaz ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Shumaila Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

Effect of Salinity on Cu and Pb Release from Excess Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Chun Mei Gao ◽  
Xiao Yun Zhu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Hai Chen Feng ◽  
Qing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Over Time

Heavy metal was the biggest obstacles of sludge harmless and resources utilization. Studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of salinity on heavy metal from excess sludge. The static experiments were carried out to observe the release of Cu and Pb at four levels of salinity (20‰, 25‰, 30‰, 35‰). The results showed that Cu and Pb presented a similar trend over time: The concentration gradually increased over time in the early period, when reaching the highest value it begun to decrease, until relatively stabilized. Cu and Pb were more favorable to release in higher salinity levels, especially 35‰. The maximum concentration of Cu and Pb was 0.121ug.L-1 and 1.056 ug.L-1, respectively. And Pb was easier to release than Cu.

Humerus intraosseous administration of epinephrine in normovolemic and hypovolemic porcine model

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
LTC Robert P. Long, II, PhD, CRNA ◽  
LTC Stephanie M. Gardner, DNP, CRNA ◽  
James Burgert, DNAP, CRNA ◽  
LTC Craig A. Koeller, DVM, DACLAM, AFRL ◽  
LTC Joseph O’Sullivan, PhD, CRNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Return Of Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Over Time

Objective: Compare the maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), mean concentration, rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), time to ROSC, and odds of ROSC when epinephrine is administered by humerus intraosseous (HIO) compared to intravenous (IV) routes in both a hypovolemic and normovolemic cardiac arrest model.Design: Prospective, between subjects, randomized experimental study.Setting: TriService Facility.Subjects: Twenty-eight adult Yorkshire Swine were randomly assigned to four groups: HIO normovolemia; HIO hypovolemia; IV normovolemia; and IV hypovolemia.Intervention: Swine were anesthetized. The hypovolemic group was exsanguinated 31 percent of their blood volume. Subjects were placed into arrest. After 2 minutes, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated. After another 2 minutes, 1 mg epinephrine was given by IV or HIO routes; blood samples were collected over 4 minutes. Hypovolemic groups received 500 mL of 5 percent albumin following blood sampling. CPR continued until ROSC or for 30 minutes.Main outcome measures: ROSC, time to ROSC, Cmax, Tmax, mean concentrations over time, odds of ROSC.Results: Cmax was significantly higher, the Tmax, and the time to ROSC were significantly faster in the HIO normovolemic compared to the HIO hypovolemic group (p 0.05). All seven in the HIO normovolemic group achieved ROSC compared to three of the HIO hypovolemic group. Odds of ROSC were 19.2 times greater in the HIO normovolemic compared the HIO hypovolemic group.Conclusion: The HIO is an effective route in a normovolemic model. However, the findings indicate that sufficient blood volume is essential for ROSC in a hypovolemic scenario.

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