scholarly journals Microwave Enhanced Synthesis of Flax-g-poly(MMA) for Use in Phenolic Composites as Reinforcement

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Kalia ◽  
B. S. Kaith
Keyword(s):  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto flax fiber under the influence of microwave radiations (MWR) was carried out. 24.64% grafting was found at 210W microwave power under optimum reaction conditions. The graft copolymers were characterized with FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Graft copolymers thus prepared were used in the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) composites. Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and stress at the limit of proportionality (SP) of composites were measured and it has been found that composites reinforced with Flax-g-poly(MMA) showed better mechanical properties in comparison to composites reinforced with raw flax.

Microstructural and Corrosion Studies by Immersion in 3.5% NaCl Solution on Aged Mg-9Al-1Zn-XCa Alloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
S. Manivannan ◽  
B. Narenthiran ◽  
A. Sivanantham ◽  
S.P. Kumaresh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

The experimatal alloys were aged at different temperatures of 180°C, 200°C, 220°C, and 240º C with calcium addition levels of (X=0.5, 1, 1.5, 2%) on Mg-6Al-1Zn-XCa alloy were investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution. All the experimatal alloys were immersed in 3.5% NaCl solutions and the resulted surface were analyzed to study the corrosion behaviour and its surface topography by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersed spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The result shows that corrosion attack occurred predominantly on ß phase and α phase exhibit relatively minor corrosion. In addition to that the increased aging temperature coarsens the intermetallic as well as α- Mg grains, which shows adverse effect to corrosion resistances and the best result were obtained at composition of 0.5wt.% Ca aged at 200°C.

Isomerization of α-Pinene over Alumina-Pillared Montmorillonite

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Quan Yao ◽  
Lin Hua Zhu ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Tian Si
Keyword(s):  
Basal Spacing ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Catalytic Isomerization ◽  
Optimum Reaction

In this work, the liquid phase catalytic isomerization of α-pinene over alumina-pillared montmorillonitewas investigated, and the influence of reaction temperature, reaction time and amount of the catalyston the conversion of α-pinenewere discussed systematically, and the optimum reaction conditions forisomerization of α-pineneover alumina-pillared montmorillonitewere obtained. The basal spacing of thealumina-pillared montmorillonite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the liquid reactant was separated and identified by gas chromatography. The result showed that alumina-pillared montmorillonite with 1.83nm of basal spacing exhibited a high catalytic activity for the isomerization of α-pinene, and 97.4% conversion of α-pinene was achievedat 373K for 3hwhen the mass ratio of catalyst to α-pinene was 1/10.

scholarly journals Deformation induced martensite characterization in Fe-30%Ni-5%Cu alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Güler ◽  
M. Güler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Deformation induced martensite properties were examined according to existing martensite morphology, crystallography and formation temperatures for different prior austenite homogenization conditions in Fe-30%Ni-5%Cu alloy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to investigation. Scanning electron microscope observations showed elongated deformation induced martensite morphology in the austenite phase of alloy. As well, after deformation martensite start temperatures (Ms) were determined as -101?C and -105?C from DSC measurements for different homogenization conditions. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the face centred cubic (fcc) of austenite phases and body centred cubic (bcc) deformation induced martensite phases for all studied samples.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of Direct Brown RN dye in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASM A Islam ◽  
T Ferdous ◽  
AK Das ◽  
MM Karim ◽  
SM Masum
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ft Ir

The ZnO nanoparticle was prepared by using Zn(NO3)2.6H2O and NaOH under optimum reaction conditions and the prepared nanoparticle was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sunlight irradiated photocatalytic degradation of Direct Brown RN dye was studied using ZnO nanoparticle. The results of this investigation revealed that in the presence of sunlight, catalyst load of 0.5 g?L-1 and time of contact of 40 min, ZnO nanoparticle showed substantial capability of destroying Direct Brown RN dye from solution. An actual leather effluent containing Brown RN as a major constituent along with other dyes and dyeing auxiliaries was treated using ZnO and the reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the treated effluent revealed almost complete destruction of the organic molecules along with color removal.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(1), 1-6, 2015

Synthesis, Phase Formation and Characterization of Co4Nb2O9 Powders Synthesized by Solid-State Reaction

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 873-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chaiyo ◽  
R. Muanghlua ◽  
A. Ruangphanit ◽  
Wanwilai C. Vittayakorn ◽  
Naratip Vittayakorn
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

A corundum-type structure of cobalt niobate (Co4Nb2O9) has been synthesized by a solid-state reaction. The formation of the Co4Nb2O9 phase in the calcined powders was investigated as a function of calcination conditions by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Morphology and particle size have been determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the minor phases of unreacted Co3O4 tend to form together with the columbite CoNb2O6 phase at a low calcination temperature and short dwell time. It seems that the single-phase of Co4Nb2O9 in a corundum phase can be obtained successfully at the calcination conditions of 900°C for 60 min, with heating/cooling rates of 20°C /min.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Oxidation Resistance of Al2O3-SiC-C Castables via Introducing Micronized Andalusite

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Saixin Wang ◽  
Yuandong Mu ◽  
Ruijie Zhao ◽  
Qingfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thermal Shock Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Shock Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scanning Electron

Additions of andalusite aggregates (19 wt%) were shown in previous literature to enhance the antioxidation of Al2O3-SiC-C (ASC) castables. This work aims to investigate whether micronized andalusite has a greater influence on antioxidation improvement than andalusite aggregates. Various low contents (5 wt% and below) of micronized andalusite (≤5 μm) were introduced as a substitute for brown fused alumina in the matrix of ASC castables. The antioxidation of castable specimens was estimated by the oxidized area ratio on the fracture surface after a thermal shock test. The microstructure and phases of micronized andalusite and the castable specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results suggest that the antioxidation effects of ASC castables with a low addition of micronized andalusite are effectively enhanced. The heat-induced transformation of andalusite produces SiO2-rich glass, favoring the sintering of the castable matrix and impeding oxygen diffusion into the castable’s interior. Therefore, the castable antioxidation is enhanced without deteriorating the hot modulus of rupture.

A Study of Crystallinity of Graft Copolymers of Flax Fiber with Binary Vinyl Monomers

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Kaith ◽  
Susheel Kalia
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Vinyl Monomer ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Vinyl Monomers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThe present paper deals with graft copolymerization of binary vinyl monomer mixtures onto flax fiber. Maximum grafting (86.02 %) has been found with MMA+EA binary mixture. Percentage crystallinity and crystallinity index of graft copolymers were measured with X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Crystallinity of flax decreases on grafting with binary vinyl monomer mixtures. Flax showed the highest value of percentage crystallinity (76.96 %) and crystallinity index (0.7005) in comparison to Flax-g-copolymers.

scholarly journals Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1553-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salama ◽  
Mike Neumann ◽  
Christina Günter ◽  
Andreas Taubert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Regenerative Therapies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials were synthesized via an ionic liquid-assisted route. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis show that, depending on the reaction conditions, cellulose/hydroxyapatite, cellulose/chlorapatite, or cellulose/monetite composites form. Preliminary studies with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts show that the cells proliferate on the hybrid materials suggesting that the ionic liquid-based process yields materials that are potentially useful as scaffolds for regenerative therapies.

Mechanism of Microwave Assisted Technique Acid Leaching Coal Gangue

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Cheng Long Liu ◽  
Ju Pei Xia ◽  
Yu Chong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Leaching Methods ◽  
Related Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

The coal gangue are produced in a coal mine heap of Pan xian, Gui zhou, by using microwave assisted acid leaching methods and under certain reaction conditions, the products of different stages of acid leaching were characterized through different characterization methods like X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The related process mechanism of Microwave assisted technique acid leaching gangue was preliminarily studied by the characterization results from analyzing the products of different stages of acid leaching.

Effects of Magnesia Fines on Physical Properties of Al2O3-MgO Unfired Bricks

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 554-557
Author(s):  
Jun Cong Wei ◽  
Sen Sen Niu ◽  
Yi Long Wang ◽  
Wei Ping Ma ◽  
Jun Bo Tu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strength Change ◽  
Magnesia Content ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Scanning Electron

Al2O3-MgO unfired bricks were prepared by using brown corundum, white corundum, fused magnesia and α-A12O3 micropowder as main starting materials, Al2O3-SiO2 gel powder as a binder. The effects of magnesia fines addition on physical performance of Al2O3-MgO unfired bricks were investigated. The phase composition and microstructure were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that with the increase of magnesia fines addition, bulk density of Al2O3-MgO unfired bricks after dried decreased and strength increased. After heat treatment at 1100 °C, apparent porosity (AP) slightly reduced, bulk density (BD) slightly increased. Strength had little change. After heat treatment at 1500 °C, AP first decreased and then increased, and strength change correspondingly. The hot modulus of rupture (HMOR) first increased and then decreased with increasing magnesia content. The optimum magnesia addition is at 6.0 wt. %.

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