scholarly journals Factors Associated with Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus among Illicit Drug Users

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Grebely ◽  
Jesse D Raffa ◽  
Calvin Lai ◽  
Mel Krajden ◽  
Brian Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Aboriginal Ethnicity ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Spontaneous Hcv Clearance

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs in approximately 25% of individuals.METHODS: To better understand the characteristics associated with clearance, the present study evaluated HCV clearance in a community-based cohort study. The Community Health and Safety Evaluation project recruited 3553 individuals via community organizations and door-to-door canvassing of a random sample of single occupancy hotels in the community to monitor uptake of health services and to estimate the incidence of communicable infections. Cohort data were linked with longitudinal laboratory databases, including HCV antibody and polymerase chain reaction assay results.RESULTS: Overall, 762 individuals had HCV antibody and RNA testing performed between 1999 and 2005. Spontaneous HCV clearance was observed in 179 individuals (23.5%), while HCV persistence was observed in 583 individuals (76.5%). The ability to develop protective immunity against HCV, as demonstrated by viral clearance, occurred more often in individuals of Aboriginal ethnicity (adjusted OR [AOR] 2.9, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.3; P<0.001) and female individuals (AOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4; P=0.01). The rate of spontaneous HCV clearance was reduced in individuals using any type of illicit drugs (AOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.00; P=0.05) and those with HIV coinfection (AOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.88; P=0.01). Of 218 HIV-infected subjects, 48 of 51 (94%) in whom the order of HCV and HIV infection was established were infected with HCV a median of 2.4 years (range 0.2 to 10 years) before becoming infected with HIV.CONCLUSIONS: Aboriginal ethnicity and female sex were associated with increased rates of HCV clearance, while HIV coinfection and illicit drug use were associated with increased HCV persistence.

scholarly journals "The first shot": the context of first injection of illicit drugs, ongoing injecting practices, and hepatitis C infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes Aguiar Oliveira ◽  
Mariana A. Hacker ◽  
Sabrina Alberti Nóbrega de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Roberto Telles ◽  
Kycia Maria Rodrigues do Ó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Hcv Transmission

The context of first drug injection and its association with ongoing injecting practices and HCV (hepatitis C virus) infection were investigated. Injection drug users (IDUs) (N = 606) were recruited in "drug scenes" (public places, bars) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, interviewed, and tested for HCV. Sharing of needles/syringes was more prevalent at the first injection (51.3%) than at the baseline interview (36.8%). Those who shared syringes/needles at first injection were more likely to be currently engaged in direct/indirect sharing practices. Among young injectors (< 30 years), those reporting sharing of needles/ syringes at the first injection were about four times more likely to have been infected by HCV. Hepatitis C virus prevalence among active IDUs (n = 272) was 11%. Prison history and longer duration of drug injection were identified as independent predictors of HCV infection. To effectively curb HCV transmission among IDUs and minimize harms associated with risk behaviors, preventive strategies should target individuals initiating drug injection beginning with their very first injection and discourage the transition from non-injecting use to the self-injection of illicit drugs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 892-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônia Carlos Magalhães Novais ◽  
Carmen Luci Rodrigues Lopes ◽  
Nádia Rúbia da Silva Reis ◽  
Ágabo Macêdo Costa e Silva ◽  
Regina Maria Bringel Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Illicit Drug Users

scholarly journals Single Clinical Practice's Report of Testing Initiation, Antibody Clearance, and Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Infants of Chronically HCV-Infected Mothers

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswine Bal ◽  
Anna Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Hcv Testing

Abstract Background.  Perinatally acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main source of pediatric HCV infection. However, the best time for initiation of screening and follow up of these infants is still unknown. Analysis of the clinical data of infants born to HCV-infected mothers, transmission rates, and pathway of HCV testing could be important for optimization of their management. Methods.  Children of mothers with chronic HCV infection, who were observed between 1998 and 2013 at the pediatric infectious disease clinic for the first 18 months of their life, were eligible for enrollment. We analyzed the factors influencing initiation of HCV testing in these children and rate of HCV transmission as demonstrated by consecutive HCV antibody and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) amplification testing. Results.  One hundred and forty-two mother-infant pairs were enrolled. The majority of mothers were intravenous drug users, had carried to term, and delivered vaginally. A high proportion of infants had at least 1 positive anti-HCV antibody assay without viremia. True HCV infection and intermittent viremia were recorded in 3.5% and 1.4% of infants, respectively. Initiation of HCV testing after 10 months of age was associated with a significant decline in the probability of obtaining a positive HCV antibody of maternal origin. Conclusions.  The low likelihood for detection and confirmation of true HCV transmission before 10 months of age could challenge the early initiation of HCV screening of infants exposed to maternal HCV infection but may affect the parental need for early monitoring and counseling.

Diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in Scotland's injecting drug user population

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. McDONALD ◽  
S. J. HUTCHINSON ◽  
P. R. MILLS ◽  
S. M. BIRD ◽  
C. ROBERTSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Anonymous Testing ◽  
Unlinked Anonymous Testing ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Injecting Drug User

SUMMARYWe estimated the extent of undiagnosed hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in injecting drug users (IDUs) in Scotland. We used record-linkage to determine HCV diagnosis status for 41 062 current/former IDUs attending drug treatment and support services between 1 April 1995 and 31 March 2006; the extent of undiagnosed HCV infection was estimated by comparing the number HCV-diagnosed to the number HCV-infected (estimated from an unlinked anonymous testing survey of 2141 current/former IDUs). In all, 9145 IDUs (22%) were diagnosed HCV antibody-positive since first attendance at drug services (diagnosis rate of 33·6/1000 person-years, 95% CI 32·7–34·4). By 31 March 2006, of the 19 632 current/former IDUs who had attended drug services and were determined to be living with HCV, an estimated 58% (95% CI 45–62) had not been HCV-diagnosed. It is essential that the deployment of resources for identifying at-risk IDUs with a view to offering antiviral therapy is guided by evidence.

scholarly journals The Low Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection and Hepatitis C Virus Mono-Infection Among Methadone Toxicity Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28457
Author(s):  
Haleh Talaie ◽  
Atieh Mousavizadeh ◽  
Behjat Barari
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

the incidence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)and Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) coinfection in People Who InjectDrugs (PWIDs) is a public health issue; itpresents various contentions to the healthcareproviders. Although antiretroviral therapy improvedthe life expectancy of HIV-infected people, HCV-relatedmortality turned into a greater concern among these individuals[1]. AccFurthermore, they mentioned, “injectingdrug users in the Taipei methadone maintenancetreatment program had a very high prevalence of HIV/HBV coinfection and HCV mono-infection”[2].Besides, a systematic review and meta-analysis resultssuggested a high frequency of HIV/HBV coinfection(>80%) in Intravenous (IV) drug users [3]. Althoughthe incidence of HIV among IV drug users has beendecreased, HCV is still endemic in this population [4].We aimed to estimate HCV/HIV coinfection frequencyand its related risk factors among methadone poisonedpatients who were admitted to the Loghman Hakim poisoningcenter between March 2012 and March 2017.Loghman-Hakim Hospital is a unique poisoning referralcenter in Tehran, Iran, that admits patients from all citiesin Tehran Province, Iran. Annually, around 20000 hospitalizedpatients are observed and treated in this center,with 80-100 patients daily turn-over.The required data were collected using a questionnaire,clinical examinations, and laboratory findings. The patientswith a history of infectious diseases, like hepatitisB or C, HIV, and IV drug consumption, were excludedfrom the present research. The obtained blood sampleswere screened for antibodies to HCV and HIV using acommercially available Enzyme-Linked ImmunosorbentAssay (ELISA). Furthermore, the relevant urine sampleswere analyzed for the presence of methadone with a rapidtest. Among 200 participants, 134 (67%) were male, and66 (33%) were female with the age range of 1 to 83 years.The methadone serum levels of 129 (64.5%) patients werepositive, 39 (19.5%) were negative, and 32 (16%) patientswere not examined due to the short duration of hospitalization(i.e. <2 days). Underlying diseases, such as noncommunicablediseases (11%), psychotic disorders (1.5%), andrespiratory disease (3.5%) were detected in 30 cases. ReactiveHCV-antibodies, active HIV-antibodies, and HIV/HCV coinfection were observed in 10 (5%), 2 (1%), and 2(1%) of the study subjects, respectively. Figure 1 shows theprevalence of HCV and HIV infection by gender and age.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Illicit Drug Users in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enea Spada ◽  
◽  
Giovanni Rezza ◽  
Anna Rosa Garbuglia ◽  
Flavia Lucia Lombardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Illicit Drug Users

scholarly journals IL28B rs12979860 Genotype and Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort of Injection Drug Users: Evidence for a Supra-Additive Association

2011 ◽  
Vol 204 (12) ◽  
pp. 1843-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma M. Shebl ◽  
Ruth M. Pfeiffer ◽  
Dianna Buckett ◽  
Brian Muchmore ◽  
Sabrina Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance

Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus in a Patient Co- Infected with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeciency Virus: a Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Kaung ◽  
Vinay Sundaram ◽  
Tram T. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Qualitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Spontaneous Hcv Clearance

The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains unclear. Spontaneous HCV clearance with initiation of HAART in non-cirrhotic HCV patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been reported. We describe an HIV/HCV patient with decompensated cirrhosis, who had spontaneous HCV clearance after an episode of elevated liver enzymes and a change in HAART regimen. His HCV RNA level remained undetectable for six months by quantitative and qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. The disappearance of HCV RNA may be due to a combination of host immune recovery, genetic polymorphism and direct effect of HAART against HCV.

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