scholarly journals Clinical Potential of Quantum Dots

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Iga ◽  
John H. P. Robertson ◽  
Marc C. Winslet ◽  
Alexander M. Seifalian
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Lymph Node Mapping ◽  
Clinical Potential

Advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of novel fluorescent probes called quantum dots. Quantum dots have revolutionalized the processes of tagging molecules within research settings and are improving sentinel lymph node mapping and identification in vivo studies. As the unique physical and chemical properties of these fluorescent probes are being unraveled, new potential methods of early cancer detection, rapid spread and therapeutic management, that is, photodynamic therapy are being explored. Encouraging results of optical and real time identification of sentinel lymph nodes and lymph flow using quantum dots in vivo models are emerging. Quantum dots have also superseded many of the limitations of organic fluorophores and are a promising alternative as a research tool. In this review, we examine the promising clinical potential of quantum dots, their hindrances for clinical use and the current progress in abrogating their inherent toxicity.

scholarly journals Corrositex®, BCOP and HET-CAM as alternative methods to animal experimentation

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Cristina Laignier Cazedey ◽  
Flávia Chiva Carvalho ◽  
Flávia Angélica Másquio Fiorentino ◽  
Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião ◽  
Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
Pain And Suffering

Tests in animals are used as models in toxicological and investigative studies. However, such tests have been considered inhumane because they can cause pain and suffering to experimental animals, while these methods can often be subjective. Protests calling for animal protection have questioned the effectiveness of in vivo tests and suggest the introduction of alternative, in vitro methods. International organizations, such as the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM), the National Institute of Health (NIH), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), that regulate and develop new alternative animal models, have indicated the running of preliminary assays and execution of sequential tests, which consider physical-chemical properties and data of in vitro assays, before performing in vivo studies. Towards this background, the objective of the present article was to select promising alternative methods such as Corrositex®, BCOP and HET-CAM, intended to refine or replace the use of animals and reduce their suffering.

scholarly journals Efficient discrimination of transplutonium actinides by in vivo models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger M. Pallares ◽  
Dahlia D. An ◽  
Gauthier J.-P. Deblonde ◽  
Birgitta Kullgren ◽  
Stacey S. Gauny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Heaviest Elements

Transplutonium actinides are among the heaviest elements whose macroscale chemical properties can be experimentally tested.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Daturaolone from Datura innoxia Mill.: In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waleed Baig ◽  
Humaira Fatima ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Mohammad K. Okla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Metabolic Reaction ◽  
Datura Innoxia ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Exploration of leads with therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders is worth pursuing. In line with this, the isolated natural compound daturaolone from Datura innoxia Mill. was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models. Daturaolone follows Lipinski’s drug-likeliness rule with a score of 0.33. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity prediction show strong plasma protein binding; gastrointestinal absorption (Caco-2 cells permeability = 34.6 nm/s); no blood–brain barrier penetration; CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 metabolism; a major metabolic reaction, being aliphatic hydroxylation; no hERG inhibition; and non-carcinogenicity. Predicted molecular targets were mainly inflammatory mediators. Molecular docking depicted H-bonding interaction with nuclear factor kappa beta subunit (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase, phospholipase A2, serotonin transporter, dopamine receptor D1 and 5-hydroxy tryptamine. Its cytotoxicity (IC50) value in normal lymphocytes was >20 µg/mL as compared to cancer cells (Huh7.5; 17.32 ± 1.43 µg/mL). Daturaolone significantly inhibited NF-κB and nitric oxide production with IC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.8 and 4.51 ± 0.92 µg/mL, respectively. It significantly reduced inflammatory paw edema (81.73 ± 3.16%), heat-induced pain (89.47 ± 9.01% antinociception) and stress-induced depression (68 ± 9.22 s immobility time in tail suspension test). This work suggests a possible anti-inflammatory role of daturaolone; however, detailed mechanistic studies are still necessary to corroborate and extrapolate the findings.

Facile scalable synthesis of highly monodisperse small silica nanoparticles using alkaline buffer solution and their application for efficient sentinel lymph node mapping

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Quan ◽  
Chaedong Lee ◽  
Jung Sun Yoo ◽  
Yuanzhe Piao
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Lymph Node Mapping ◽  
Cancer Nanomedicine ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Alkaline Buffer Solution

Cancer nanomedicine involving nanotechnology-based drugs and in vivo imaging agents is an active field of nanoscience that provides new ways of enhancing therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy.

scholarly journals Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties of liquid crystal monomers and their detection in indoor residential dust

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (52) ◽  
pp. 26450-26458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Su ◽  
Shaobo Shi ◽  
Ming Zhu ◽  
Doug Crump ◽  
Robert J. Letcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Liquid Crystal Displays ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
The World

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are used widely in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), which are dramatically changing the world due to the provision of convenient communication. However, there are essentially no published reports on the fate and/or effects of LCMs in the environment. Of 362 currently produced LCMs, 87 were identified as persistent and bioaccumulative (P&B) chemicals, which indicated that these chemicals would exhibit resistance to degradation and exhibit mobility after entering the environment. Following exposure to mixtures of LCM collected from 6 LCD devices, significant modulation of 5 genes,CYP1A4,PDK4,FGF19,LBFABP, andTHRSP, was observed in vitro. Modulation of expressions of mRNAs coding for these genes has frequently been reported for toxic (T) persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In LCM mixtures, 33 individual LCMs were identified by use of mass spectrometry and screened for in 53 samples of dust from indoor environments. LCMs were detectable in 47% of analyzed samples, and 17 of the 33 LCMs were detectable in at least 1 sample of dust. Based on chemical properties, including P&B&T of LCMs and their ubiquitous detection in dust samples, the initial screening information suggests a need for studies to determine status and trends in concentrations of LCMs in various environmental matrices as well as tissues of humans and wildlife. There is also a need for more comprehensive in vivo studies to determine toxic effects and potencies of LCMs during chronic, sublethal exposures.

scholarly journals Effect of Resveratrol on In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Diabetic Retinophathy: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario D. Toro ◽  
Katarzyna Nowomiejska ◽  
Teresio Avitabile ◽  
Robert Rejdak ◽  
Sarah Tripodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Retinal Pathology ◽  
Full Text Review

A large number of preclinical studies suggest the involvement of resveratrol in the prevention and treatment of eye diseases induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that resveratrol influences many pathways of in vitro and in vivo models of diabetic retinopathy through a systematic literature review of original articles. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search of all original articles published until April 2019 was performed. The terms “resveratrol” in combination with “retina”, “retinal pathology”, “diabetic retinopathy” and “eye” were searched. Possible biases were identified with the adopted SYRCLE’s tool. Eighteen articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria for full-text review. Eleven of them included in vitro experiments, 11 studies reported in vivo data and 3 studies described both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Most of the in vivo studies did not include data that would allow exclusion of bias risks, according to SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Both in vitro and in vivo data suggest anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions of resveratrol in models of diabetic retinopathy. However, results on its anti-angiogenic effects are contradictory and need more rigorous studies.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Membrane-Coated Arsenic Trioxide-Loaded Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles for Tumor Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumei Lian ◽  
Xuerui Wang ◽  
Pengcheng Guo ◽  
Yichen Li ◽  
Faisal Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Promising Alternative

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has a significant effect on the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and advanced primary liver cancer, but it still faces severe side effects. Considering these problems, red blood cell membrane-camouflaged ATO-loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles (RBCM-SA-ATO-NPs, RSANs) were developed to relieve the toxicity of ATO while maintaining its efficacy. ATO-loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles (SA-ATO-NPs, SANs) were prepared by the ion crosslinking method, and then RBCM was extruded onto the surface to obtain RSANs. The average particle size of RSANs was found to be 163.2 nm with a complete shell-core bilayer structure, and the average encapsulation efficiency was 14.31%. Compared with SANs, RAW 264.7 macrophages reduced the phagocytosis of RSANs by 51%, and the in vitro cumulative release rate of RSANs was 95% at 84 h, which revealed a prominent sustained release. Furthermore, it demonstrated that RSANs had lower cytotoxicity as compared to normal 293 cells and exhibited anti-tumor effects on both NB4 cells and 7721 cells. In vivo studies further showed that ATO could cause mild lesions of main organs while RSANs could reduce the toxicity and improve the anti-tumor effects. In brief, the developed RSANs system provides a promising alternative for ATO treatment safely and effectively.

Clinical use of organic near-infrared fluorescent contrast agents in image-guided oncologic procedures and its potential in veterinary oncology

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (11) ◽  
pp. 354-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Favril ◽  
Eline Abma ◽  
Francesco Blasi ◽  
Emmelie Stock ◽  
Nausikaa Devriendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Lymph Node Mapping ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Nir Fluorescence

One of the major challenges in surgical oncology is the intraoperative discrimination of tumoural versus healthy tissue. Until today, surgeons rely on visual inspection and palpation to define the tumoural margins during surgery and, unfortunately, for various cancer types, the local recurrence rate thus remains unacceptably high. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is an optical imaging technique that can provide real-time preoperative and intraoperative information after administration of a fluorescent probe that emits NIR light once exposed to a NIR light source. This technique is safe, cost-effective and technically easy. Several NIR fluorescent probes are currently studied for their ability to highlight neoplastic cells. In addition, NIR fluorescence imaging holds great promise for sentinel lymph node mapping. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a literature review of the current organic NIR fluorescent probes tested in the light of human oncology and to introduce fluorescence imaging as a valuable asset in veterinary oncology.

scholarly journals Bioconjugated Pluronic Triblock-Copolymer Micelle-Encapsulated Quantum Dots for Targeted Imaging of Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Theranostics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Liu ◽  
Ken-Tye Yong ◽  
Indrajit Roy ◽  
Wing-Cheung Law ◽  
Ling Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Targeted Imaging ◽  
Copolymer Micelle
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