scholarly journals Synthetic Versus Tissue-Engineered Implants for Joint Replacement

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan E. T. Shepherd ◽  
Godfrey Azangwe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Joint Replacement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Synovial Joint ◽  
Synovial Joints ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Artificial Joint Replacement

Human synovial joints are remarkable as they can last for a lifetime. However, they can be affected by disease that may lead to destruction of the joint surface. The most common treatment in the advanced stages of joint disease is artificial joint replacement, where the diseased synovial joint is replaced with an artificial implant made from synthetic materials, such as metals and polymers. A new technique for repairing diseased synovial joints is tissue engineering where cells are used to grow replacement tissue. This paper explores the relative merits of synthetic and tissue-engineered implants, using joint replacement as an example. Synthetic joint replacement is a well-established procedure with the advantages of early mobilisation, pain relief and high patient satisfaction. However, synthetic implants are not natural tissues; they can cause adverse reactions to the body and there could be a mismatch in mechanical properties compared to natural tissues. Tissue-engineered implants offer great potential and have major advantages over synthetic implants as they are natural tissue, which should ensure that they are totally biocompatible, have the correct mechanical properties and integrate well with the existing tissue. However, there are still many limitations to be addressed in tissue engineering such as scaling up for production, bioreactor design, appropriate regulation and the potential for disease to attack the new tissue-engineered implant.

Effect of Antibiotic Additions on the Mechanical Properties of Bone Cement

2013 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Chuan Shao Wu ◽  
Fu Tsai Chiang ◽  
Jui Pin Hung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Joint Replacement ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Hip Joint Replacement ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Artificial Hip Joint ◽  
Artificial Joint Replacement ◽  
Cement Strength

Clinical studies have proved that artificial joints may fail under prolonged gait load, which failure mechanism includes mechanical loosening and infectious loosening. Infectious loosening can be prevented by avoiding osteomyelitis, caused by bacterial infection arising from the marrow cavity, which affects the fixation function of the bone handle. As a result, use of bone cement containing various antibiotics has become an important method for prevention and treatment of infection after artificial joint replacement. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of bone cement after the addition of antibiotics through the mechanical tests. With the measurements we can then assessed the variations of mechanical strength with the dosage of antibiotics. The results showed that the dose of antibiotics directly affected the compression strength and elastic modulus of antibiotic bone cement. When the antibiotics was added more than 4.8 wt %, the cement strength was obviously affected and reduced, by 27%, indicating that during artificial hip joint replacement, the dose of antibiotics should be concerned, in order to avoid affecting the strength of bone cement and stability of the entire implant.

Proanthocyanidin as a crosslinking agent for fibrin, collagen hydrogels and their composites with decellularized Wharton’s-jelly-extract for tissue engineering applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-571
Author(s):  
Elham Hasanzadeh ◽  
Narges Mahmoodi ◽  
Arefeh Basiri ◽  
Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar ◽  
Zahra Hassannejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Collagen Hydrogels

In tissue engineering, natural hydrogel scaffolds gained considerable attention due to their biocompatibility and similarity to macromolecular-based components in the body. However, their low mechanical strength and high degradation degree limit their biomedical application. By varying the composition of hydrogels, their biochemical and mechanical properties can be improved. In this study, the stability of fibrin and collagen hydrogels and their composites with decellularized Wharton’s jelly extract (DEWJ) was improved using proanthocyanidin (PA) as a cross-linker, extracted from grape seeds. The cytocompatibility, physicochemical and mechanical properties of the hydrogels were evaluated. Human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) were seeded on the hydrogels and their attachment, morphology, and proliferation were investigated using a scanning electron and optical microscopy. Our results showed that hydrogels containing DEWJ along with PA enhance cell proliferation and showed higher mechanical properties compared with the fibrin and collagen hydrogel. The results present the potential utility of these hydrogels in tissue engineering and for application in three-dimensional culture.

scholarly journals Ancient origin of lubricated joints in bony vertebrates

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Askary ◽  
Joanna Smeeton ◽  
Sandeep Paul ◽  
Simone Schindler ◽  
Ingo Braasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Synovial Joint ◽  
Synovial Joints ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Common ◽  
Genetic Deletion ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lubricated Joints ◽  
Deficient Mice

Synovial joints are the lubricated connections between the bones of our body that are commonly affected in arthritis. It is assumed that synovial joints first evolved as vertebrates came to land, with ray-finned fishes lacking lubricated joints. Here, we examine the expression and function of a critical lubricating protein of mammalian synovial joints, Prg4/Lubricin, in diverse ray-finned fishes. We find that Prg4 homologs are specifically enriched at the jaw and pectoral fin joints of zebrafish, stickleback, and gar, with genetic deletion of the zebrafish prg4b gene resulting in the same age-related degeneration of joints as seen in lubricin-deficient mice and humans. Our data support lubricated synovial joints evolving much earlier than currently accepted, at least in the common ancestor of all bony vertebrates. Establishment of the first arthritis model in the highly regenerative zebrafish will offer unique opportunities to understand the aetiology and possible treatment of synovial joint disease.

scholarly journals Research into the thermal stability and mechanical properties of vitamin E diffusion modified irradiation cross-linked graphene oxide/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 4175-4188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weipeng Duan ◽  
Meiping Wu ◽  
Jitai Han ◽  
Zifeng Ni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Joint Replacement ◽  
Artificial Joint ◽  
Artificial Joint Replacement ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

Recently, there has been increasing interest in modifying ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) due to glaring needs in the artificial joint replacement field.

Scaffolds for Drug Delivery in Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas V. Gaikwad ◽  
Abasaheb B. Patil ◽  
Madhuri V. Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells

Scaffolds are used for drug delivery in tissue engineering as this system is a highly porous structure to allow tissue growth.  Although several tissues in the body can regenerate, other tissue such as heart muscles and nerves lack regeneration in adults. However, these can be regenerated by supplying the cells generated using tissue engineering from outside. For instance, in many heart diseases, there is need for heart valve transplantation and unfortunately, within 10 years of initial valve replacement, 50–60% of patients will experience prosthesis associated problems requiring reoperation. This could be avoided by transplantation of heart muscle cells that can regenerate. Delivery of these cells to the respective tissues is not an easy task and this could be done with the help of scaffolds. In situ gel forming scaffolds can also be used for the bone and cartilage regeneration. They can be injected anywhere and can take the shape of a tissue defect, avoiding the need for patient specific scaffold prefabrication and they also have other advantages. Scaffolds are prepared by biodegradable material that result in minimal immune and inflammatory response. Some of the very important issues regarding scaffolds as drug delivery systems is reviewed in this article.

Hydrogels as Antibacterial Biomaterials

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Xu ◽  
Shujun Dong ◽  
Yuping Han ◽  
Shuqiang Li ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Biomedical Field

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are predicted.

scholarly journals Collagen-Based Electrospun Materials for Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Britani N. Blackstone ◽  
Summer C. Gallentine ◽  
Heather M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Increased Strength

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in organs and tissues throughout the body and is used for many tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning of collagen can produce scaffolds in a wide variety of shapes, fiber diameters and porosities to match that of the native ECM. This systematic review aims to pool data from available manuscripts on electrospun collagen and tissue engineering to provide insight into the connection between source material, solvent, crosslinking method and functional outcomes. D-banding was most often observed in electrospun collagen formed using collagen type I isolated from calfskin, often isolated within the laboratory, with short solution solubilization times. All physical and chemical methods of crosslinking utilized imparted resistance to degradation and increased strength. Cytotoxicity was observed at high concentrations of crosslinking agents and when abbreviated rinsing protocols were utilized. Collagen and collagen-based scaffolds were capable of forming engineered tissues in vitro and in vivo with high similarity to the native structures.

scholarly journals Is Dialdehyde Chitosan a Good Substance to Modify Physicochemical Properties of Biopolymeric Materials?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3391
Author(s):  
Sylwia Grabska-Zielińska ◽  
Alina Sionkowska ◽  
Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Reczyńska ◽  
Elżbieta Pamuła
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
One Step ◽  
Chitosan Blends ◽  
Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy

The aim of this work was to compare physicochemical properties of three dimensional scaffolds based on silk fibroin, collagen and chitosan blends, cross-linked with dialdehyde starch (DAS) and dialdehyde chitosan (DAC). DAS was commercially available, while DAC was obtained by one-step synthesis. Structure and physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance device (FTIR-ATR), swelling behavior and water content measurements, porosity and density observations, scanning electron microscopy imaging (SEM), mechanical properties evaluation and thermogravimetric analysis. Metabolic activity with AlamarBlue assay and live/dead fluorescence staining were performed to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the obtained materials with MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. The results showed that the properties of the scaffolds based on silk fibroin, collagen and chitosan can be modified by chemical cross-linking with DAS and DAC. It was found that DAS and DAC have different influence on the properties of biopolymeric scaffolds. Materials cross-linked with DAS were characterized by higher swelling ability (~4000% for DAS cross-linked materials; ~2500% for DAC cross-linked materials), they had lower density (Coll/CTS/30SF scaffold cross-linked with DAS: 21.8 ± 2.4 g/cm3; cross-linked with DAC: 14.6 ± 0.7 g/cm3) and lower mechanical properties (maximum deformation for DAC cross-linked scaffolds was about 69%; for DAS cross-linked scaffolds it was in the range of 12.67 ± 1.51% and 19.83 ± 1.30%) in comparison to materials cross-linked with DAC. Additionally, scaffolds cross-linked with DAS exhibited higher biocompatibility than those cross-linked with DAC. However, the obtained results showed that both types of scaffolds can provide the support required in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The scaffolds presented in the present work can be potentially used in bone tissue engineering to facilitate healing of small bone defects.

scholarly journals Novel Hydrogels of Chitosan and Poly (vinyl alcohol) Reinforced with Inorganic Particles of Bioactive Glass

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
O. Sánchez-Aguinagalde ◽  
Ainhoa Lejardi ◽  
Emilio Meaurio ◽  
Rebeca Hernández ◽  
Carmen Mijangos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Release Studies

Chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels, a polymeric system that shows a broad potential in biomedical applications, were developed. Despite the advantages they present, their mechanical properties are insufficient to support the loads that appear on the body. Thus, it was proposed to reinforce these gels with inorganic glass particles (BG) in order to improve mechanical properties and bioactivity and to see how this reinforcement affects levofloxacin drug release kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), swelling tests, rheology and drug release studies characterized the resulting hydrogels. The experimental results verified the bioactivity of these gels, showed an improvement of the mechanical properties and proved that the added bioactive glass does affect the release kinetics.

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